RESUMEN
The pathological consumption of alcohol and other drugs is associated with calcium metabolism disfunction through different pathways. Hypovitaminosis D contributes to acute a chronic neuronal injury in alcohol dependent patients. We do not have national evidence regarding the presence of hypovitaminosis D in addicted patients and there is a lack of information in the literature regarding polysubstance users. In this retrospective study, we evaluate the presence of hypovitaminosis of D in Substance Use Disorder inpatients treated in the Psychiatric Clinic of the University during the months of August to November 2017 and we described their main characteristics. 24 patients were evaluated, 19 of whom presented levels lower than 30 ng/ml of Vitamin D. Of those patients with hypovitaminosis 79% were men and 90% of them consumed alcohol, although in only 26% alcohol was the main substance. The main substance reported by the patients was cocaine (37%), smokable cocaine (32%) and marijuana (5%). Despite the methodological limitations of the study and the high prevalence of Hypovitaminosis D reported in the Chilean population, the results of this study suggest the need for a systematic evaluation of Vitamin D levels in patients hospitalized for addictions to adequately supplement those who require it. (AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Deficiencia de Vitamina D/etiología , Chile , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/complicaciones , Alcoholismo/complicacionesRESUMEN
En los últimos 20, años el problema de la adicción a nuevas tecnologías ha suscitado controversias y ha generado un importante debate internacional. El DSM-5 incorpora en la sección de "Condiciones para un mayor estudio", el Trastorno de Juego por Internet. El ojetivo de este trabajo es revisar la literatura científica actual sobre el Trastorno de Juego por Internet y explorar si la evidencia disponible permite respaldar este diagnóstico como una nueva entidad nosológica. Se realiza una revisión del contexto en que surge esta propuesta, los criterios diagnósticos, las controversias y se discute la relevancia de la validez y confiabilidad de los diagnósticos en psiquiatría.
In the last 20 years, the problem of addiction to new technologies has generated controversy and an important international debate. The DSM-5 incorporates in section of "Conditions for a further study", the Internet Gaming Disorder. The aim of this article is review the current scientific literature about Internet Gaming Disorder, and to explore if the available evidence let it support this diagnosis as a new nosological entity. A brief review of the context in which this proposal emerges, the diagnostic criteria, and the controversies was performed; also, it was discussed the relevance of the validity and reliability of the diagnoses in psychiatry
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico de los Trastornos Mentales , Trastorno de Adicción a Internet/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico Dual (Psiquiatría) , Trastorno de Adicción a Internet/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
En el presente trabajo se revisa la evolución que ha tenido el término psicopatía y sus diferentes conceptualizaciones a lo largo de distintas etapas en la historia de la psiquiatría contemporánea. Se inicia con las primeras descripciones clínicas formuladas por los alienistas, para seguir con los aportes de la psiquiatría clásica de principios del siglo XIX. Se incluyen también los aportes efectuados por la tradición psicoanalítica y sus intentos por ahondar en la comprensión más profunda del funcionamiento intrapsíquico del trastorno. Como contraste, aparecen las descripciones más actuales contenidas en los manuales DSM y CIE, que en un intento por definir criterios diagnósticos más objetivables, parecen haber caído en una suerte de "criminalización" del trastorno.
In this paper, the evolution of the term psychopathy and its different conceptualizations throughout different stages in the history of contemporary psychiatry is reviewed. It begins with the first clinical descriptions made by the alienists, to continue with the contributions of classical psychiatry of the early nineteenth century. The contributions made by the psychoanalytic tradition and its attempts to deepen the deeper understanding of the intrapsychic functioning of the disorder are also reviewed. In contrast, we also reviewed the most current descriptions contained in the DSM and ICD manuals, which in an attempt to define more objective diagnostic criteria appear to have fallen into a kind of criminalization of the disorder