RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: While breastfeeding provides benefits for infants and the mother, many women either do not breastfeed or terminate breastfeeding earlier than recommended. The aim of this analysis was to identify factors associated with early discontinuation of breastfeeding in Japanese women. METHODS: This study used data from medical records of women delivering a singleton live birth between March 2017 and August 2019 in Iwase General Hospital, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan to assess cessation of breastfeeding by the 1-month postpartum appointment. Demographic (age at birth, and employment status), medical (parity, and physical and mental condition of the mother; and infant medical factors, such as sex, Apgar score, and jaundice, among other), and family factors (husband/partner, family members living at the same house, among others) in 734 women who had initiated breastfeeding during their delivery hospital stay were examined, and multiple logistic regression was used to determine significant predictors of early cessation of exclusive breastfeeding. RESULTS: Bivariate analysis revealed that women who were primipara, unmarried, exposed to secondhand smoke, and employed; those who smoked before pregnancy; and those who had asthma were more likely to discontinue exclusive breastfeeding than other women. Infant factors associated with discontinuation were lower birthweight, earlier gestational age, neonatal intensive care unit admission, treatment for jaundice, or lower weight gain. Multivariable analysis revealed that primiparity, passive smoking before pregnancy, maternal employment, and neonatal jaundice therapy were associated with discontinuation of breastfeeding. CONCLUSIONS: In particular, women whose partners smoked before pregnancy may need to be targeted for additional support for breastfeeding.
Asunto(s)
Lactancia Materna , Madres , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Japón , Masculino , Embarazo , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: This study investigated postoperative visual acuity and corneal higher-order aberrations following EX-PRESS or trabeculectomy. METHODS: Out of 56 eyes of 56 patients analyzed, 30 eyes were treated using trabeculectomy, while 26 eyes were treated with EX-PRESS. Visual acuity and corneal higher-order aberrations were analyzed in both groups before and at 2 weeks, 1, 2, and 3 months after the surgeries. Risk factors that could potentially influence corneal higher-order aberrations were evaluated. RESULTS: Significant reductions in the IOP were observed at 3 months after the surgery in both groups. Although a significant decrease in the visual acuity (logMAR) was observed at 2 weeks after the surgery in both groups, at 1 month after the surgeries, there were no significant differences found for the vision as compared to the baseline. At each study visit in the trabeculectomy group, significantly higher corneal higher-order aberrations compared to baseline were noted. In the EX-PRESS group, however, these aberrations were no longer significantly different from the baseline at month 2 (P = 0.36). Analysis of the risk factors indicated that hypotony could influence corneal higher-order aberrations after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Corneal higher-order aberrations were significantly increased at 1 month after EX-PRESS treatment, with levels returning to baseline by 2 months. After trabeculectomy, however, corneal higher-order aberrations remained significantly increased at 3 months after the procedure.
Asunto(s)
Córnea/diagnóstico por imagen , Aberración de Frente de Onda Corneal/etiología , Glaucoma de Ángulo Abierto/fisiopatología , Presión Intraocular/fisiología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias , Trabeculectomía/métodos , Agudeza Visual/fisiología , Anciano , Córnea/fisiopatología , Topografía de la Córnea , Aberración de Frente de Onda Corneal/diagnóstico , Aberración de Frente de Onda Corneal/epidemiología , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Implantes de Drenaje de Glaucoma , Glaucoma de Ángulo Abierto/cirugía , Humanos , Incidencia , Japón/epidemiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To establish the normative database of retinal oximetry using Oxymap T1 in a healthy Japanese population, and study the reproducibility of the measurements in Japanese. METHODS: We measured oxygen saturation in the major retinal vessels with Oxymap T1 in 252 eyes of 252 healthy Japanese subjects. Fundus images acquired using Oxymap T1 were processed using built-in Oxymap Analyzer software. Reproducibility of retinal oximetry was investigated using 20 eyes of 20 healthy subjects. RESULTS: The mean retinal oxygen saturation of 4 quadrants in healthy Japanese was 97.0 ± 6.9% in arteries and 52.8 ± 8.3% in veins. The mean arteriovenous difference in oxygen saturation was 44.2 ± 9.2%. Both arterial and venous oxygen saturation were significantly lower in the temporal side of the retina, especially in the temporal-inferior vessels. However, the arteriovenous difference in oxygen saturation was limited in the 4 quadrants. Interphotograph, intervisit, and interevaluator intraclass correlation coefficients were 0.936-0.979, 0.809-0.837, and 0.732-0.947, respectively. In the major retinal arteries, oxygen saturation increased with age (r = 0.18, p<0.01), at a rate of 0.67% per 10 years. However, venous oxygen saturation showed no correlation with age. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides the normative database for the Japanese population. The arterial saturation value appears to be higher than other previous studies. Mean retinal oximetry in 4 quadrants with Oxymap T1 has high reproducibility.