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1.
Int J STD AIDS ; 30(6): 557-568, 2019 05.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30727831

RESUMEN

Female sex workers (FSWs) were recruited from known hotspots in Kigali, Rwanda, and offered free, anonymous human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) counseling and testing, diagnosis and treatment of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and long-acting reversible contraception (LARC). From September 2012 to March 2015, 1168 FSWs sought services, including 587 (50%) who were HIV-positive. More than 90% had previously tested for HIV, and 26% who reported previously testing negative had seroconverted. Of the 349 who already knew their HIV-positive status, 74% were on antiretroviral treatment. The prevalence of serologic syphilis was 43% in HIV-positive and 19% in HIV-negative FSWs (p < 0.0001), and Trichomonas vaginalis was found in vaginal wet mounts in 21% of HIV-positive and 13% of HIV-negative FSWs (p < 0.0001). Signs and symptoms of STIs were found in 35% of HIV-positive compared with 21% of HIV-negative FSWs (p < 0.0001). Only one-third reported consistent condom use in the last month. Modern contraceptive use was reported by 43% of HIV-positive and 56% of HIV-negative FSWs (p < 0.0001). Current pregnancy was reported by 4% of HIV-positive and 6% of HIV-negative FSWs (p = 0.0409). Despite Rwanda's successes with preventing 70% of new infections in the general population through nationwide couples' testing in antenatal clinics, prevention and timely treatment in key populations including FSWs are lacking. The prevalence of HIV - including many new cases - and STIs among FSWs in Kigali is high and condom and contraceptive use are low. Tailored and integrated HIV/STIs and family planning programs are urgently needed for FSWs.


Asunto(s)
Condones/estadística & datos numéricos , Conducta Anticonceptiva/estadística & datos numéricos , Infecciones por VIH/epidemiología , Embarazo no Planeado , Trabajo Sexual/estadística & datos numéricos , Trabajadores Sexuales/estadística & datos numéricos , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual/epidemiología , Sexo Inseguro/estadística & datos numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Infecciones por VIH/etnología , Humanos , Embarazo , Embarazo no Planeado/etnología , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Asunción de Riesgos , Rwanda/epidemiología , Sexo Seguro , Conducta Sexual , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual/etnología
2.
Cancer Lett ; 357(2): 557-65, 2015 Feb 28.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25497868

RESUMEN

Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) and NF-κB play essential roles in cancer cell growth and metastasis by promoting angiogenesis. Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) serves as a regulator of HIF-1α and NF-κB protein. We hypothesized that curcumin and its analogues EF31 and UBS109 would disrupt angiogenesis in pancreatic cancer (PC) through modulation of HIF-1α and NF-κB. Conditioned medium from MIA PaCa-2 or PANC-1 cells exposed to curcumin and its analogues in vitro significantly impaired angiogenesis in an egg CAM assay and blocked HUVEC tube assembly in comparison to untreated cell medium. In vivo, EF31 and UBS109 blocked the vascularization of subcutaneous matrigel plugs developed by MIA PaCa-2 in mice. Significant inhibition of VEGF, angiopoietin 1, angiopoietin 2, platelet derived growth factor, COX-2, and TGFß secretion was observed in PC cell lines treated with UBS109, EF31 or curcumin. Treatment with UBS109, EF31 or curcumin inhibited HSP90, NF-κB, and HIF-1α transcription in PC cell lines. UBS109 and EF31 inhibited HSP90 and HIF-1α expression even when elevated due to NF-κB (p65) overexpression. Finally, we demonstrate for the first time that curcumin analogues EF31 and UBS109 induce the downregulation of HIF-1α, Hsp90, COX-2 and VEGF in tumor samples from xenograft models compared to untreated xenografts. Altogether, these results suggest that UBS109 and EF31 are potent curcumin analogues with antiangiogenic activities.


Asunto(s)
Inhibidores de la Angiogénesis/farmacología , Curcumina/análogos & derivados , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/tratamiento farmacológico , Piperidonas/farmacología , Piridinas/farmacología , Angiopoyetinas/genética , Angiopoyetinas/metabolismo , Animales , Western Blotting , Línea Celular , Línea Celular Tumoral , Embrión de Pollo , Membrana Corioalantoides/irrigación sanguínea , Membrana Corioalantoides/efectos de los fármacos , Medios de Cultivo Condicionados/farmacología , Curcumina/farmacología , Femenino , Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas HSP90 de Choque Térmico/genética , Proteínas HSP90 de Choque Térmico/metabolismo , Células Endoteliales de la Vena Umbilical Humana/efectos de los fármacos , Células Endoteliales de la Vena Umbilical Humana/fisiología , Humanos , Subunidad alfa del Factor 1 Inducible por Hipoxia/genética , Subunidad alfa del Factor 1 Inducible por Hipoxia/metabolismo , Ratones Desnudos , Neovascularización Patológica/genética , Neovascularización Patológica/metabolismo , Neovascularización Patológica/prevención & control , Neovascularización Fisiológica/efectos de los fármacos , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/irrigación sanguínea , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/patología , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta1/genética , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta1/metabolismo , Factor A de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/genética , Factor A de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/metabolismo , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de Xenoinjerto
3.
J Exp Zool A Ecol Genet Physiol ; 321(3): 173-82, 2014 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24273212

RESUMEN

Several investigators suggest a relationship between neurotransmitters, serotonin (also called 5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT), and dopamine (DA) in the regulation of growth and reproductive development of vertebrate species, rather than the invertebrate species. In this study, we evaluated the role of 5-HT and DA in reproductive development of an invertebrate species, the freshwater crab Barytelphusa guerini. We tested the effects of 5-HT both alone and combined, and also the effects of an opioid antagonist naloxone, on reproductive development of B. guerini in terms of testicular and ovarian developmental parameters. Injection of either 5-HT or naloxone alone significantly increased the ovarian index and the oocyte diameter in female crabs, and the testicular index and testicular follicular diameter in male crabs. In contrast, injection of DA inhibited all the reproductive measures in both sexes. Co-injection of 5-HT with DA exhibited no significant effects on the reproductive development in both sexes compared to the control treatments. These results suggest that 5-HT, DA, and exogenous naloxone may be involved in the regulation of gonad stimulating hormone (GSH) and/or gonad inhibiting hormone (GIH). These results also provide evidence that naloxone may regulate endogenous neurotransmitters and its downstream hormones, GSH and GIH.


Asunto(s)
Braquiuros/fisiología , Dopamina/farmacología , Naloxona/farmacología , Reproducción/efectos de los fármacos , Serotonina/farmacología , Análisis de Varianza , Animales , Pesos y Medidas Corporales , Braquiuros/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Masculino , Ovario/efectos de los fármacos , Ovario/crecimiento & desarrollo , Testículo/efectos de los fármacos , Testículo/crecimiento & desarrollo
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