RESUMEN
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most commonly sexually transmitted infection in the United States. This article gives an overview and discussion of HPV virus types and transmission, and the quadrivalent vaccine now available to protect against it. Included are the nursing implications for the HPV vaccine related to education and counseling of parents, patients, and young adult women regarding HPV vaccination, for whom the vaccine is indicated.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Papillomavirus/prevención & control , Vacunas contra Papillomavirus , Adolescente , Adulto , Comités Consultivos , Niño , Contraindicaciones , Femenino , Humanos , Esquemas de Inmunización , Rol de la Enfermera , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/epidemiología , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/transmisión , Vacunas contra Papillomavirus/efectos adversos , Vacunas contra Papillomavirus/inmunología , Educación del Paciente como Asunto , Guías de Práctica Clínica como Asunto , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Seguridad , Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/epidemiología , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/prevención & control , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/virología , Vacunación/efectos adversos , Vacunación/métodosRESUMEN
Dietary fiber intake provides many health benefits. However, average fiber intakes for US children and adults are less than half of the recommended levels. Individuals with high intakes of dietary fiber appear to be at significantly lower risk for developing coronary heart disease, stroke, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and certain gastrointestinal diseases. Increasing fiber intake lowers blood pressure and serum cholesterol levels. Increased intake of soluble fiber improves glycemia and insulin sensitivity in non-diabetic and diabetic individuals. Fiber supplementation in obese individuals significantly enhances weight loss. Increased fiber intake benefits a number of gastrointestinal disorders including the following: gastroesophageal reflux disease, duodenal ulcer, diverticulitis, constipation, and hemorrhoids. Prebiotic fibers appear to enhance immune function. Dietary fiber intake provides similar benefits for children as for adults. The recommended dietary fiber intakes for children and adults are 14 g/1000 kcal. More effective communication and consumer education is required to enhance fiber consumption from foods or supplements.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/prevención & control , Diabetes Mellitus/prevención & control , Fibras de la Dieta , Enfermedades Gastrointestinales/prevención & control , Obesidad/prevención & control , Promoción de la Salud/métodos , Humanos , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
Women with severe or uncontrolled asthma are at higher risk for pregnancy complications and adverse fetal outcomes than women with well-controlled asthma. Recent evidence-based guidelines have concluded that it is safer for pregnant women with asthma to be treated pharmacologically than to continue to have asthma symptoms and exacerbations. According to the Asthma and Pregnancy Working Group (APWG) of the National Asthma Education and Prevention Program, optimal treatment of asthma during pregnancy includes treatment of comorbid allergic rhinitis (AR), which can trigger or aggravate asthma symptoms. In general, treatment of both asthma and AR during pregnancy should follow the same stepwise approach that is used in the general population. This article presents the specific recommendations from the most recent APWG report and from other systematic reviews about which asthma and allergic rhinitis drugs should be preferred during pregnancy. Of the corticosteroids, budesonide has the most data and is listed as Pregnancy Category B (no evidence of risk in humans). Other inhaled and intranasal corticosteroids have less data and are listed as Pregnancy Category C but may be continued during pregnancy if the patient's asthma was well controlled with the medication before pregnancy. Family physicians should help their patients control allergic rhinitis and asthma during pregnancy, encouraging adherence to needed medications.