RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the subsequent rate of thrombosis among women with obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome (Ob-APS) in a multicentre database of antiphospholipid antibody (aPL)-positive patients, and the clinical utility of the adjusted Global Antiphospholipid Syndrome Score (aGAPSS), a validated tool to assess the likelihood of developing new thrombosis, in this group of patients. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: The Antiphospholipid Syndrome Alliance for Clinical Trials and International Networking Clinical Database and Repository. POPULATION: Women with Ob-APS. METHODS: Comparison of clinical and laboratory characteristics and measurement of aGAPSS in women with Ob-APS, with or without thrombosis, after initial pregnancy morbidity (PM). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Risk factors for thrombosis and aGAPSS. RESULTS: Of 550 patients, 126 had Ob-APS; 74/126 (59%) presented with thrombosis, and 47 (63%) of these women developed thrombosis after initial PM, in a mean time of 7.6 ± 8.2 years (4.9/100 patient years). Younger age at diagnosis of Ob-APS, additional cardiovascular risk factors, superficial vein thrombosis, heart valve disease, and multiple aPL positivity increased the risk of first thrombosis after PM. Women with thrombosis after PM had a higher aGAPSS compared with women with Ob-APS alone [median 11.5 (4-16) versus 9 (4-13); P = 0.0089]. CONCLUSION: Based on a retrospective analysis of our multicentre aPL database, 63% of women with Ob-APS developed thrombosis after initial obstetric morbidity; additional thrombosis risk factors, selected clinical manifestations, and high-risk aPL profile increased the risk. Women with subsequent thrombosis after Ob-APS had a higher aGAPSS at entry to the registry. We believe that aGAPSS is a valid tool to improve risk stratification in aPL-positive women. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: More than 60% of women with obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome had thrombosis after initial pregnancy morbidity.
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Síndrome Antifosfolípido/complicaciones , Complicaciones Cardiovasculares del Embarazo/inmunología , Trombosis/inmunología , Adulto , Anticuerpos Antifosfolípidos/sangre , Anticuerpos Antifosfolípidos/inmunología , Síndrome Antifosfolípido/sangre , Ensayos Clínicos como Asunto , Bases de Datos Factuales , Femenino , Humanos , Embarazo , Sistema de Registros , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
A special kind of microstructured optical fiber is proposed and fabricated in which, in addition to the holey region (solid core and silica-air cladding), two large holes exist for electrode insertion. Either Bi-Sn or Au- Sn alloys were selectively inserted into the large holes forming two parallel, continuous and homogeneous internal electrodes. We demonstrate the production of a monolithic device and its use to externally control some of the guidance properties (e.g. polarization) of the fiber.
RESUMEN
We propose a novel way to efficiently generate broadband cascaded Four-Wave Mixing (FWM) products. It consists of launching two strong pump waves near the zero-dispersion wavelength of a very short (of order a few meters) optical fiber. Simulations based on Split Step Fourier Method (SSFM) and experimental data demonstrate the efficiency of our new approach. Multiple FWM products have been investigated by using conventional fibers and ultra-flattened dispersion photonic crystal fibers (UFD-PCFs). Measured results present bandwidths of 300 nm with up to 118 FWM products. We have also demonstrated a flat bandwidth of 110 nm covering the C and L bands, with a small variation of only 1.2 dB between the powers of FWM products, has been achieved using highly nonlinear fibers (HNLFs). The use of UFD-PCFs has been shown interesting for improving the multiple FWM efficiency and reducing the separation between the pump wavelengths.
RESUMEN
This study evaluated the effects of supplementing 5.0 mM glutathione (GSH) to the media during semen thawing and culture on forward progressive spermatozoa motility, viability, and DNA fragmentation. Pellets of frozen boar semen were thawed using a PBS wash procedure at 39°C. Spermatozoa were analyzed for forward progressive motility, viability, and DNA fragmentation by the Comet assay at 0.5 h and 6.0 h post-thawing. Supplementation of 5.0 mM GSH had no significant effect on forward progressive motility, viability, or DNA fragmentation at 0.5 h post-thawing compared to the control. At 6.0 h after thawing there was no significant difference in viability between the control and the 5.0 mM GSH supplemented group. Forward progressive spermatozoa motility was significantly less (P < 0.05) at 6.0 h after thawing in the 5.0 mM GSH supplemented group compared to the control. DNA fragmentation was significantly higher (P < 0.05) at 6 hafter thawing in the 5.0 mM GSH supplemented group compared to the control. These results indicate that supplementing 5.0 mM of GSH to the thawing and culture media significantly decreases (P < 0.05) spermatozoa forward progressive motility and significantly increases (P < 0.05) DNA fragmentation.
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Animales , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Nutricionales del Lactante , Glutatión , Preservación de Semen/instrumentación , Porcinos/clasificaciónRESUMEN
This study evaluated the effects of supplementing 5.0 mM glutathione (GSH) to the media during semen thawing and culture on forward progressive spermatozoa motility, viability, and DNA fragmentation. Pellets of frozen boar semen were thawed using a PBS wash procedure at 39°C. Spermatozoa were analyzed for forward progressive motility, viability, and DNA fragmentation by the Comet assay at 0.5 h and 6.0 h post-thawing. Supplementation of 5.0 mM GSH had no significant effect on forward progressive motility, viability, or DNA fragmentation at 0.5 h post-thawing compared to the control. At 6.0 h after thawing there was no significant difference in viability between the control and the 5.0 mM GSH supplemented group. Forward progressive spermatozoa motility was significantly less (P < 0.05) at 6.0 h after thawing in the 5.0 mM GSH supplemented group compared to the control. DNA fragmentation was significantly higher (P < 0.05) at 6 hafter thawing in the 5.0 mM GSH supplemented group compared to the control. These results indicate that supplementing 5.0 mM of GSH to the thawing and culture media significantly decreases (P < 0.05) spermatozoa forward progressive motility and significantly increases (P < 0.05) DNA fragmentation.(AU)
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Animales , Glutatión , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Nutricionales del Lactante , Preservación de Semen/instrumentación , Porcinos/clasificaciónRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the benefits and side effects of recombinant human growth hormone (hGH) treatment in children with chronic renal failure. METHODS: Two reviewers independently assessed relevant randomized controlled trials for methodologic quality, extracted data, and estimated summary treatment effects by use of a random effects model. RESULTS: Ten randomized controlled trials involving 481 children were identified. Treatment with hGH (28 IU/m(2)/wk) resulted in a significant increase in height standard deviation score at 1 year (4 trials, weighted mean difference [WMD] = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.51 to 1.04), and a significant increase in height velocity at 6 months (2 trials, WMD = 5.7 cm/y, 95% CI 4.4 to 7.0) and 1 year (2 trials, WMD = 4.1 cm/y, 95% CI 2.6 to 5.6), but there was no further increase in height indexes during the second year of administration. Compared with the 14 IU/m(2)/wk group, there was an increase of 1.4 cm/y (0.6 to 2.2) in height velocity in the group treated with 28 IU/m(2)/wk. The frequency of reported side effects of hGH were similar to that of the control group. CONCLUSION: On average, 1 year of treatment with 28 IU/m(2)/wk hGH in children with chronic renal failure results in an increase of 4 cm/y in height velocity above that of untreated control subjects, but there was no demonstrable benefit for longer courses or higher doses of treatment.
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Trastornos del Crecimiento/tratamiento farmacológico , Trastornos del Crecimiento/etiología , Hormona del Crecimiento/uso terapéutico , Fallo Renal Crónico/complicaciones , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Adolescente , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Estatura/efectos de los fármacos , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Calidad de Vida , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Factores SexualesRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence and severity of, and risk factors for, daytime urinary incontinence in children starting primary school. DESIGN AND SETTING: Population-based cross-sectional survey of new entrant primary school children in Sydney, Australia. METHODS: A random cluster sample of 2020 primary school children was surveyed by using a daytime incontinence questionnaire with known substantial repeatability (mean kappa = 0.70). RESULTS: The questionnaire was returned for 1419 (70%) children with a mean age of 5.9 years; 16.5% of children had experienced one or more episodes of wetting in the last 6 months (mild), 2.0% had wet twice or more per week (moderate), and 0.7% were wet every day (severe) (overall prevalence of 19.2%). On multivariate analysis, recent emotional stress (odds ratio 5.7), a history of daytime wetting along the paternal line (odds ratio 9.3), and a history of wetting among male siblings (odds ratio 5.3) were independent risk factors for moderate to severe daytime wetting. Expressed as population attributable risk, 59% and 28% of moderate-severe and mild daytime wetting, respectively, can be attributed to these 3 factors. Only 16% of families with affected children had sought medical help. CONCLUSIONS: Daytime urinary incontinence in the first year of primary school is more common than previously reported, and only a small proportion of affected children seek medical help. Emotional stress and family history are likely to be major causal factors.
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Incontinencia Urinaria/epidemiología , Niño , Preescolar , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Tamizaje Masivo , Vigilancia de la Población , Factores de Riesgo , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Incontinencia Urinaria/diagnósticoRESUMEN
Pulmonary complications are common in sickle cell disease. The cohort study in Jamaica is unique in seeing children with haemoglobin AA, SC and SS (control, SC disease and SS disease) regularly independent of acute illness. This allowed the controls to be used as an appropriate reference population for determining any abnormalities in spirometric measurements in children with SC and SS disease. Spirometry was performed on 50 controls, 56 children with SC disease and 77 children with SS disease. Age, height, weight, and gender were recorded for each child. Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory flow in the first second (FEV1) and forced expiratory flow from 25 percent to 75 percent (FEF 25-75) were measured. The results show that spirometric measures, FVC, FEV, and FEF are abnormal in children with SS and SC disease compared with values based on prediction equations derived from the control populations (AU)
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Niño , Humanos , Anemia de Células Falciformes/complicaciones , Flujo Espiratorio Forzado , EspirometríaRESUMEN
A nonimmune American acquired an infection of Plasmodium vivax Type 1 malaria in Brazil in 1994. After returning to the U.S.A., he had a primary attack followed by 3 relapses. The primary attack and first 2 relapses were treated with a standard regimen of chloroquine, followed by 14 days of primaquine (15 mg/day). Following the third relapse, the primaquine treatment was extended to 28 days. No further relapses occurred. The lack of response to primaquine by this strain may recommend it as a suitable candidate for chemotherapeutic study if it can be adapted to an animal model. Anopheles quadrimaculatus mosquitoes infected by feeding on the patient during the first relapse were used to establish the strain in Aotus and Saimiri monkeys. Monkeys supported well the development of long-lasting parasitemia. Anopheles freeborni, Anopheles stephensi, and Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes were readily infected by feeding on the monkeys and by membrane feeding on diluted blood. Monkey-to-monkey transmission was obtained via the bites of infected mosquitoes and the intravenous injection of sporozoites dissected from salivary glands. This parasite is designated as the Brazil I/CDC strain of P. vivax.
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Antimaláricos/farmacología , Aotidae/parasitología , Malaria Vivax/parasitología , Plasmodium vivax/efectos de los fármacos , Primaquina/farmacología , Saimiri/parasitología , Animales , Anopheles , Antimaláricos/uso terapéutico , Brasil , Cloroquina/farmacología , Cloroquina/uso terapéutico , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Resistencia a Medicamentos , Quimioterapia Combinada , Femenino , Humanos , Insectos Vectores , Malaria Vivax/tratamiento farmacológico , Malaria Vivax/transmisión , Masculino , Parasitemia/tratamiento farmacológico , Parasitemia/patología , Parasitemia/transmisión , Primaquina/uso terapéutico , RecurrenciaRESUMEN
Genome DNA terminal region sequences were determined for a Brazilian alastrim variola minor virus strain Garcia-1966 that was associated with an 0.8% case-fatality rate and African smallpox strains Congo-1970 and Somalia-1977 associated with variola major (9.6%) and minor (0.4%) mortality rates, respectively. A base sequence identity of > or = 98.8% was determined after aligning 30 kb of the left- or right-end region sequences with cognate sequences previously determined for Asian variola major strains India-1967 (31% death rate) and Bangladesh-1975 (18.5% death rate). The deduced amino acid sequences of putative proteins of > or = 65 amino acids also showed relatively high identity, although the Asian and African viruses were clearly more related to each other than to alastrim virus. Alastrim virus contained only 10 of 70 proteins that were 100% identical to homologs in Asian strains, and 7 alastrim-specific proteins were noted.
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ADN Viral , Variación Genética , Virus de la Viruela/genética , África , Asia , Secuencia de Bases , Brasil , Humanos , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Sistemas de Lectura Abierta , Secuencias Repetitivas de Ácidos Nucleicos , Homología de Secuencia de Ácido Nucleico , Virus de la Viruela/aislamiento & purificación , Proteínas Virales/genéticaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether circumcision decreases the risk of symptomatic urinary tract infection (UTI) in boys less than 5 years of age. STUDY DESIGN: A case-control study (1993 to 1995) in the setting of a large ambulatory pediatric service. Case subjects and control subjects were drawn from the same population. One hundred forty-four boys less than 5 years of age (median age, 5.8 months) who had a microbiologically proven symptomatic UTI (case subjects), were compared with 742 boys (median age, 21.0 months) who did not have a UTI (control subjects). The proportion of case and control subjects who were circumcised in each group was compared with the use of the chi-square test, with the strength of association between circumcision and UTI expressed in terms of an odds ratio. To determine whether age was a confounder or an effect-modifier, we stratified the groups by age (< 1 year; > or = 1 year) and analyzed by the method of Mantel-Haenszel. RESULTS: Of the 144 preschool boys with UTI, 2 (1.4%) were circumcised, compared with 47 (6.3%) of the 742 control subjects (chi-square value = 5.6; p = 0.02; odds ratio, 0.21; 95% confidence intervals, 0.06 to 0.76). There was no evidence that age was a confounder or modified the protective effect of circumcision on the development of UTI (Mantel-Haenszel chi-square value = 6.0; p = 0.01; combined odds ratio, 0.18; 95% confidence intervals, 0.05 to 0.71; Breslow-Day test of homogeneity chi-square value = 0.6; p = 0.4). CONCLUSIONS: Circumcision decreases the risk of symptomatic UTI in preschool boys. The protective effect is independent of age.
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Circuncisión Masculina , Infecciones Urinarias/prevención & control , Distribución por Edad , Factores de Edad , Australia , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Preescolar , Recuento de Colonia Microbiana , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Oportunidad RelativaRESUMEN
We examined the nucleotide sequences of the inverted terminal repeat (ITR) regions adjacent to the covalently closed hairpin end sequences of three variola major and four minor strains from smallpox outbreaks in Europe, Asia, Africa, and South America. The ITR regions ranged in size from 581 to 1051 base pairs (bp) and contained no apparent open reading frames. Two nonrepetitive sequence elements, NR1 and NR2, were conserved and resembled nonrepetitive elements in the ITRs of other orthopoxviruses. Depending on strain, the terminally positioned NR1 and the more internal NR2 flanked a direct repeat region containing from none to four copies of a 69-bp sequence and one copy of a 54-bp related sequence partial repeat. A distinctive pattern of ITR topography of NR1 and NR2 flanking a single copy of the 69-bp unit characterized each of three examined alastrim variola minor strains. A nonalastrim African minor strain from the last natural case of smallpox in Somalia in 1977 showed the largest ITR region of the examined viruses because of a second direct repeat cluster following NR2.
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Secuencias Repetitivas de Ácidos Nucleicos , Viruela/virología , Virus de la Viruela/genética , África/epidemiología , Asia/epidemiología , Secuencia de Bases , ADN Viral/química , ADN Viral/genética , ADN Viral/aislamiento & purificación , Brotes de Enfermedades , Europa (Continente)/epidemiología , Genoma Viral , Humanos , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Viruela/epidemiología , América del Sur/epidemiología , Virus de la Viruela/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
A child-to-child programme was carried out in six rural schools in Jamaica. School children in grades 4 and 5 were taught concepts of nutrition, environmental and personal hygiene, and child development. The children were encouraged to take messages home to their parents and improve the care of their younger siblings. Four hundred and twenty-three children and 90 mothers and guardians from four of the project schools were evaluated and compared with 199 children and 47 parents from two control schools. The project children showed higher scores on a test of knowledge in the topics at the end of the year. They also improved in some practices at home. The mothers improved in knowledge in some areas but not in their practices. We consider the results sufficiently encouraging to justify incorporating the programme into the country's education curriculum for primary schools.
PIP: The evaluation of a child-to-child health education project in Jamaica found for mothers and guardians a small improvement in knowledge and a slight and not significant improvement in behavior about a safe and health environment and nutrition; children's scores were significantly improved over controls. The project was conducted in 7 rural primary grades of all level 4 and 5 children in the parish of St. Thomas and was representative of rural schools in general, but the analysis included the 4 largest schools and 2 control schools nearby. The instructions to 423 children to spread concepts of child health, nutrition, and development to guardians and younger siblings was accomplished with trained teachers, rather than as previously conducted by the investigator. 15 workshops were devoted to training the development of curriculum; action-oriented songs, stories, skits, jingles, games, and pictures were created based on indigenous Jamaican folk music and patois intelligible to children with low literacy levels. Those children with very poor attendance were excluded (33%). The sample included 90 project and 40 control mothers who had no formal education at the secondary level and had large families in overcrowded houses with poor water supplies and sanitation. The evaluation was conducted for children only at the end of the project because of literacy problems, but mothers were administered questionnaires pre- and postproject with 8% absenteeism at the end of the project. Absenteeism for children was 22%, 23%, and 14%. Nutrition knowledge pertained to when and how to breast feed, the advantages of breast feeding, when and how to introduce weaning foods, and composition of food groups. Healthy environment included awareness of the causes and spread of diseases, flies and mosquitoes, how to prevent the spread of disease, food handling, and personal hygiene. Child development issues were the normal growth and development, positive reinforcement rather than physical punishment, how to play with children, what to teach with play, and how to make toys. The success in teaching the children is attributed to the teaching techniques and relevance to their lives. Teachers were highly supportive and motivated. Minimal success with mother's knowledge may be due to quality control issues and Jamaican traditions which interfere with children advising parents. Actions are more difficult to change. The program has been expanded to other schools.
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Educación en Salud/métodos , Adulto , Niño , Desarrollo Infantil , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Nutricionales Infantiles , Femenino , Humanos , Servicios de Información , Jamaica , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Madres , Salud Rural , Seguridad , Instituciones AcadémicasRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To compare the prevalence of antibody to and proviral DNA of the retrovirus HTLV-I in relatives of 11 British patients with tropical spastic paraparesis who had migrated from Jamaica before they developed symptoms, and to examine factors possibly related to transmission of HTLV-I. DESIGN: Migrant, family study. Antibody state was determined by several methods and confirmed by western blotting; the polymerase chain reaction was used to detect proviral DNA. SETTING: Britain and Jamaica. SUBJECTS: All available first degree relatives: those born and still resident in Jamaica (group 1); those born in Jamaica who migrated to Britain (group 2); and index patients' children who were born and resident in Britain (group 3). All had been breast fed and none had had blood transfusions. RESULTS: Of the 66 living relatives, 60 were traced. Seroprevalence among those born in Jamaica (irrespective of current residence) was 22% (10/46; 95% confidence limits 9 to 34%) compared with zero among British born offspring (0/14) and was higher in group 2 at 33% (7/21; 12 to 55%) than in group 1 at 12% (3/25; 0 to 25%). (Patients in group 1 had the greatest mean age.) Proviral DNA was not detected in any subject negative for HTLV-I antibody, making prolonged viral incubation in those negative for the antibody unlikely. CONCLUSION: In this sample factors related to place of birth and early residence were more important in transmission of HTLV-I than maternal or age effects. In areas with a low to moderate prevalence policies of preventing mothers who are carriers of the virus from breast feeding would be premature.
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Infecciones por HTLV-I/epidemiología , Paraparesia Espástica Tropical/epidemiología , Secuencia de Bases , Portador Sano , ADN Viral/análisis , Femenino , Anticuerpos Anti-HTLV-I/análisis , Infecciones por HTLV-I/genética , Humanos , Jamaica/epidemiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Paraparesia Espástica Tropical/transmisión , Linaje , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Prevalencia , Factores de Tiempo , Reino Unido/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE -- To compare the prevalence of antibody to and proviral DNA of the retrovirus HTLV-I in relatives of 11 British patients with tropical spastic paraparesis who migrated from Jamaica before they developed symptoms, and to examine factors possibly related to transmission of HTLV-I. DESIGN -- Migrant family study. Antibody state was determined by several methods and confirmed by western blotting; the polymerase chain reaction was used to detect proviral DNA. SETTING -- Britain and Jamaica. SUBJECTS -- All available first degree relatives: those born and still resident in Jamaica (group 1); those born in Jamaica who migrated to Britian (group 2); and index patients' children who were born and resident in Britian (group 3). All had been breast fed and none had had blood transfusions. RESULTS -- Of the 66 living relatives, 60 were traced. Seroprevalence among those born in Jamaica (irrespective of current residence) was 22 percent (10/46; 95 percent confidence limits 9 to 34 percent) compared with zero among British born offspring (0/14) and was higher in group 2 at 33 percent (7/21; 12 to 55 percent) than in group 1 at greatest mean age.) Proviral DNA was not detected in any subject negative for HTLV-I antibody, making prolonged viral incubation in those negative for the antibody unlikely. CONCLUSION -- In this sample factors related to place of birth and early residence were more important in transmission of HTLV-I than naternal or age effects. In areas with a low to moderate prevalence policies of preventing mothers who are carriers of the virus from breast feeding would be premature (AU)
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Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Masculino , Femenino , Infecciones por Deltaretrovirus/epidemiología , Paraparesia Espástica Tropical/epidemiología , Secuencia de Bases , Portador Sano , Estudio Comparativo , ADN Viral/análisis , Reino Unido/epidemiología , Anticuerpos Anti-HTLV-I/análisis , Infecciones por HTLV-I/genética , Jamaica/epidemiología , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Paraparesia Espástica Tropical/transmisión , Linaje , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Prevalencia , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Over 75 percent of patients, worldwide, with tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP) have HTLV-1 antibodies (AB). Each of the 18 patients, of West Indian origin tested so far in Britain, has Ab. Ab prevalence in Jamaica and in UK migrants is 4-6 percent. We have examined factors associated with transmission (breastfeeding, blood transfusion, etc). We have also tested the hypothesis that viral spread is commoner in Jamaica than in a temperate zone, such as Britain. If the hypothesis is true, Ab prevalence should be higher in Jamaican-born and resident (Group 1) than in UK-resident subjects; Jamaican-born (Group 2) first degree relatives should have the next highest prevalence; Ab should be least frequent in UK-born offspring (Group 3) of UK-TSP patients. Of 69 living relatives of the TSP patients, 64 were available and 60 were tested. All the relatives had been breastfed and none had had a blood transfusion. Group 1 were slightly older than Group 2 (mean 5 vs 46 yrs.) and both groups were a generation older thanb Group 3 (20 yrs.). Group 2 had been in Britain a mean of 26 years. Ab prevalence was much greater, based on immunofluorescence than with an ELISA system (confirmed by Western blot). Using ELISA confirmation, positive results (>1:20 titres) were found in 3/25 (12 percent) of Group 1, 7/21 (33 percent) of Group 2 and 0/14 of Group 3. Only 3 of 7 spouses were Ab-positive. These data illustrate that a slight excess of HTLV-1 Ab occurs in family members of UK-TSP patients compared with the general Jamaican population. Mother-to-child transmission is not common (AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Paraparesia Espástica Tropical , Prevalencia , Virus Linfotrópico T Tipo 1 Humano , Reino Unido , Jamaica , Anticuerpos Anti-HTLV-I , Transmisión de Enfermedad Infecciosa , Transfusión Sanguínea , Lactancia MaternaRESUMEN
Many children in Jamaica suffer from poor development, inadequate dental care and low immunization status. There is a need for low-cost innovative programmes to reach these children. We piloted an approach to teaching primary-school children basic child health and development concepts with the aim of improving their knowledge and practices and those of their guardians. The programme was conducted with 89 children from three grade levels in a remote rural school. The topic was taught throughout the school year with an action-oriented curriculum. Evaluation showed improvement in school children's knowledge and practices and guardians' knowledge. This approach is seen to be a feasible, low cost way of improving the quality of future child care.