RESUMEN
The efficacy of rat skin decontamination by radioprotective agents AET and cystamine were tested. Results were compared to standard decontaminants-alcoholate, clay and fuller's earth. It was found that all the animals decontaminated with standard decontaminants had survived 4 LD50 of poison for 21 days. All the animals poisoned by 6 LD50 had survived for 1 day except for those decontaminated with alcoholate where 50% survived throughout the observation period. Alcoholate and clay protected all, and fuller's earth 70% of animals poisoned by 12 LD50, but no longer than 24 h. AET and cystamine protected all rats from 1.7 LD50 for 3 days, from 1 LD50 for 2 days, and from 2 LD50 for 1 day. When higher doses of poison were used (1.7-6.8 LD50) only partial protection was achieved. Our results support the conclusion that radioprotective agents could be convenient means for improvised decontamination of persons poisoned by sulfur mustard, so additional investigations are necessary.
Asunto(s)
Descontaminación , Gas Mostaza/envenenamiento , Protectores contra Radiación/administración & dosificación , Animales , Cistamina/administración & dosificación , Femenino , Gas Mostaza/administración & dosificación , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , beta-Aminoetil Isotiourea/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
The efficacy of clay or alcoholate as decontaminants in pigs percutaneously poisoned with 6 LD50 of O-ethyl S-2-diisopropylaminoethyl methylphosphonothioate (VX) and 3 LD50 of 1,2,2-trimethylpropyl methylphosphonofluoridate (soman) nerve gases was tested. It was assessed by the time of onset of the first signs of poisoning and death, as well as by the activity of blood cholinesterase (ChE). No toxic signs or fatalities were observed in decontaminated pigs, regardless of the decontaminant used. In VX poisoning up to 240 min. both decontaminants kept ChE values at normal level. Twenty four hours later, ChE activity in pigs decontaminated with clay was 71%, significantly higher than in pigs decontaminated with alcoholate (49%). In soman poisoning the activity in control group was maintained at almost normal level up to 60 min, followed by rapid fall to 58%. Further readings were impossible due to the death of all animals. No significant difference between decontaminants could be noticed throughout the observation of 24 hr. The values were kept between 80 and 100%, with the trend of rising after 120 min.
Asunto(s)
Silicatos de Aluminio/uso terapéutico , Sustancias para la Guerra Química/envenenamiento , Descontaminación , Dimetilformamida/uso terapéutico , Compuestos Organotiofosforados/envenenamiento , Soman/envenenamiento , Tiofenos/uso terapéutico , Animales , Inhibidores de la Colinesterasa/envenenamiento , Arcilla , Intoxicación por Gas/terapia , PorcinosRESUMEN
The efficacies of clay or alcoholate as decontaminants and a polyethylene glycol + oxime N-octylpyridium-4-aldoxime bromide (OPAB) protective ointment were evaluated in rats and pigs percutaneously poisoned with O-ethyl S-2-diisopropylaminoethyl methylphosphonothioate (VX) and soman (GD) nerve gases. The use of protective ointment per se or combined with the decontaminants protected all rats poisoned with GD, regardless of the experimental procedure. No poisoning or fatalities were observed in pigs decontaminated 2 min later with clay or alcoholate, while the protective ointment delayed the onset of poisoning and even prevented death. The application of protective ointment, with or without the use of decontaminants, significantly postponed the onset of poisoning in animals contaminated with VX. There was no significant difference between procedures. Decontamination was very satisfactory and dependent on the duration of exposure, being somewhat more efficient if performed by 30 min after exposure.
Asunto(s)
Silicatos de Aluminio/uso terapéutico , Descontaminación , Intoxicación por Gas/prevención & control , Pomadas/uso terapéutico , Compuestos Organotiofosforados/envenenamiento , Soman/envenenamiento , Administración Cutánea , Animales , Arcilla , Etanolaminas/uso terapéutico , Femenino , Intoxicación por Gas/etiología , Intoxicación por Gas/mortalidad , Masculino , Compuestos Organotiofosforados/administración & dosificación , Oximas/uso terapéutico , Polietilenglicoles/uso terapéutico , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Soman/administración & dosificación , Tasa de Supervivencia , Porcinos , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Protective-decontaminating ointments based on polyethylene glycols (PEG) of different molecular weights were tested alone or with oxime N-octylpyridinium-4-aldoxime bromide, against percutaneous poisoning by the nerve gases 0-ethyl S-2-diisopropyl methylphosphorothiolate and soman in rats after 60 min exposure. PEG-based ointments consisting of higher PEG combined with the oxime proved the most efficient for both poisons. The combination of lower and medium PEG was somewhat less efficient, while the formulation consisting of mostly lower PEG exerted protective effects only in soman poisoning.