RESUMEN
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children on maternal and paternal anxiety. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This prospective study was conducted from January 2013 until January 2016 in the Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) Department at the University Hospital of Split, Croatia. The parents of 59 children with a median age of 5 years (range: 2-9) who were suffering from obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) due to adenotonsillar hypertrophy were enrolled into the study. All children were scheduled for adenoidectomy or adenotonsillectomy because of airway obstruction. In addition, their parents completed the 20-item State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-1 (STAI-1) and 20-item State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-2 (STAI-2) questionnaires before the operation and 30 days after the surgery when their children had considerable improvements in breathing during their sleep. The STAI is an instrument that quantifies both state (STAI-1) and trait (STAI-2) anxiety. State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-1 (state anxiety) is intended to measure transitory anxiety at a specific time (related to OSA symptoms in our study), whereas STAI-2 (trait anxiety) measures long-term anxiety. RESULTS: Overall, the study included 57 mothers and 53 fathers of 59 children diagnosed with OSA. The mean preoperative STAI-2 score of parents was 31.1⯱â¯7.5; for fathers it was 28.2⯱â¯6.3, and for mothers it was 33.7⯱â¯7.6. The STAI-1 and STAI-2 scores showed significant differences before and after the surgery according to gender. The mean score of mothers was 5.5 (95% CI: 2.8 to 8.1) higher than the mean score of fathers (tâ¯=â¯4.1, pâ¯<â¯0.001) on the STAI-2 scale. The mean score of mothers was 5.6 (95% CI: 0.48 to 0.7) higher than the mean score of fathers (tâ¯=â¯2.2; pâ¯=â¯0.032) on the preoperative STAI-1 scale. The mean score of mothers was 1.95 (95% CI: 0.35 to 3.6) higher than the mean score of fathers (tâ¯=â¯2.4; pâ¯=â¯0.017) on the postoperative STAI-1 scale. The mean score of mothers was 6.22 higher than the mean score of fathers (pâ¯=â¯0.029) on the preoperative STAI-1 scale, adjusted for the STAI-2 scale. The mean score of mothers was 1.8 higher than the mean score of fathers (pâ¯=â¯0.039) on the postoperative STAI-1 scale, adjusted for the STAI-2 scale. These data suggest that differences between the preoperative and postoperative STAI-1 score for mothers was the highest (51⯱â¯7) in children with severe OSA and the lowest (28⯱â¯14) in children with mild OSA (pâ¯<â¯0.001). The difference between the preoperative and postoperative STAI-1 score for fathers was the highest (48⯱â¯6.6) in children with severe OSA and the lowest (25⯱â¯10) in children with mild OSA. CONCLUSION: The results of our study suggest that obstructive sleep apnea in children is a disturbing symptom for parents and is associated with a significant level of anxiety that depends on OSA severity. After the surgical treatment of the children (adenoidectomy or adenotonsillectomy), the anxiety level of both parents decreased. We suggest that preoperative psychological intervention should be considered in selected cases for mothers and fathers of children with severe OSA in order to diminish the symptoms of anxiety that can compromise normal postoperative recovery in operated children.
Asunto(s)
Tonsila Faríngea/patología , Ansiedad/etiología , Padre/psicología , Madres/psicología , Tonsila Palatina/patología , Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño/psicología , Adenoidectomía , Tonsila Faríngea/cirugía , Adulto , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Hipertrofia/complicaciones , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Tonsila Palatina/cirugía , Periodo Posoperatorio , Periodo Preoperatorio , Estudios Prospectivos , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Factores Sexuales , Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño/etiología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , TonsilectomíaRESUMEN
Anaplastic carcinoma of thyroid gland is one of the four most malignant tumors in humans. It appears in one or two patients per million per year. It is very rare in children. A 17-year-old female patient was admitted to the Clinical Department of ENT and Head and Neck Surgery, Split University Hospital Center, for thyroid gland surgery due to rapid growth of a node in the thyroid gland left lobe. Preoperative examination indicated benign nature of changes. Total thyroidectomy with levels VI and VII neck dissection was done. Intraoperative slide of the left lobe was malignant. Positron emission tomography and computed tomography were also done. The finding was negative. The patient was examined by an ENT-oncology team and juvenile radiotherapy was administered. It was found to be carcinoma stage IVa according to TNM classification. One year after the operation, the patient was well and had no signs of illness. This case report is a contribution to the existing but scarce knowledge of anaplastic carcinoma of thyroid gland in young patients in the world.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma Anaplásico de Tiroides/diagnóstico por imagen , Carcinoma Anaplásico de Tiroides/cirugía , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/cirugía , Adolescente , Femenino , Humanos , Carcinoma Anaplásico de Tiroides/patología , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/patología , Tiroidectomía , Resultado del Tratamiento , Ultrasonografía DopplerRESUMEN
In order to evaluate the biomedical potential of three-dimensional chitinous scaffolds of poriferan origin, chondrocyte culturing experiments were performed. It was shown for the first time that freshly isolated chondrocytes attached well to the chitin scaffold and synthesized an extracellular matrix similar to that found in other cartilage tissue engineering constructs. Chitin scaffolds also supported deposition of a proteoglycan-rich extracellular matrix of chondrocytes seeded bioconstructs in an in vivo environment. We suggest that chitin sponge scaffolds, apart from the demonstrated biomedical applications, are highly optimized structures for use as filtering systems, templates for biomineralization as well as metallization in order to produce catalysts.
Asunto(s)
Biomimética/métodos , Quitina/química , Quitina/farmacología , Conformación Molecular , Poríferos/química , Ingeniería de Tejidos/métodos , Andamios del Tejido , Animales , Cartílago/efectos de los fármacos , Cartílago/fisiología , Quitina/aislamiento & purificación , Condrocitos/citología , Condrocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Medicina Regenerativa , Andamios del Tejido/químicaRESUMEN
Marine invertebrate organisms including sponges (Porifera) not only provide an abundant source of biologically active secondary metabolites but also inspire investigations to develop biomimetic composites, scaffolds and templates for practical use in materials science, biomedicine and tissue engineering. Here, we presented a detailed study of the structural and physico-chemical properties of three-dimensional skeletal scaffolds of the marine sponges Aiolochroia crassa, Aplysina aerophoba, A. cauliformis, A. cavernicola, and A. fulva (Verongida: Demospongiae). We show that these fibrous scaffolds have a multilayered design and are made of chitin. (13)C solid-state NMR spectroscopy, NEXAFS, and IR spectroscopy as well as chitinase digestion and test were applied in order to unequivocally prove the existence of alpha-chitin in all investigated species.
Asunto(s)
Quitina/análisis , Quitina/aislamiento & purificación , Conformación Molecular , Poríferos/química , Animales , Quitina/química , Quitina/metabolismo , Quitinasas/metabolismo , Minerales/metabolismo , Poríferos/anatomía & histología , Análisis Espectral , Trichoderma/enzimologíaRESUMEN
Three marine invertebrate FITC-labelled lectins, CNL, GCL, and GSL, isolated respectively, from the sponges Chondrilla nucula, Geodia cydonium, and the hexacoral Gerardia savaglia, were used as potential diagnostic tools for different breast tumors. The lectins vary in their carbohydrate binding properties: GSL is D-mannose specific, GCL and CNL D-galactose specific. GSL labels most investigated types of malignant tissues distinctively, while the results with CNL and GCL are less consistent. The well known D-mannose specific lectin, concanavalin A, also binds to tumor tissues, but with much lower intensity than GSL.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de la Mama/metabolismo , Hemaglutininas/metabolismo , Lectinas/metabolismo , Melanoma/metabolismo , Poríferos , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/metabolismo , Animales , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Fluoresceína-5-Isotiocianato/metabolismo , Galactosa/metabolismo , Galectinas , Humanos , Metástasis Linfática , Manosa/metabolismo , Lectinas de Unión a Manosa , Melanoma/patología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/química , Neoplasias Cutáneas/secundario , Especificidad por Sustrato , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/patologíaRESUMEN
A new lectin from the sponge Pellina semitubulosa is derived which was extracted and purified to homogeneity. The purified lectin is probably a hexamer of polypeptide chains (each M(r) 34,000) which are covalently linked via disulfide linkages; the isoelectric point is 6.1. The lectin displays the following specificities: D-galactose (50% inhibition of hemagglutination at 0.2 mM) = L-arabinose (0.2 mM) greater than D-fucose (1.5 mM) greater than D-glucose (3.0 mM). It precipitates human erythrocytes (A1, A2, A1B, B, and O) with a titer between 2(8) and 2(11) and erythrocytes from sheep and rabbits with a titer between 2(5) and 2(10). The Pellina lectin displays a strong mitogenic effect on spleen lymphocytes from mice. Immunochemical analyses revealed that both murine T- and B-lymphocytes display a capping of the lectin receptors on their cell surfaces after lectin treatment. Murine macrophages were found to endocytose the lectin. Pellina lectin at concentrations between 0.3 and 10.0 micrograms/ml potently enhances interleukin 1 (IL-1) release from mouse peritoneal macrophages and interleukin 2 (IL-2) production in mixed murine lymphocyte cultures.
Asunto(s)
Arabinosa/metabolismo , Galactosa/metabolismo , Lectinas/metabolismo , Poríferos/química , Aminoácidos/análisis , Animales , Fenómenos Químicos , Química Física , Pruebas de Hemaglutinación , Interleucina-1/metabolismo , Interleucina-2/metabolismo , Lectinas/química , Lectinas/aislamiento & purificación , Activación de Linfocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Linfocitos/química , Macrófagos/química , Especificidad por SustratoRESUMEN
In the present work, we describe a novel lectin which is specific for poly-N-acetyllactosamine sequences on complex N- and O-linked carbohydrate chains. This lectin was extracted and purified from the algae Udotea petiolata. The purified lectin is a monomer with a molecular mass of 65,000 and an isoelectric point of 5.6. It agglutinates normal, neuraminidase and protease-treated erythrocytes from humans irrespectively of the blood group (A, B and O) and animal erythrocytes. The Udotea lectin displays a strong mitogenic effect on human lymphocytes, especially T-cells. This lectin binds to the human serum plasma protein 8S alpha 3-glycoprotein with high affinity (ID50 0.02 microM); other species of human serum glycoproteins exhibiting a similar preponderance of complex type N-glycosylation showed also high binding capacities in the order 9.5 S alpha 1-glycoprotein greater than alpha 2-macroglobulin = beta 2 glycoprotein = immunoglobulin A greater than asialofetuin greater than alpha 1-acid glycoprotein and mucin glycopeptide (from amnion fluid). Monosaccharides and disaccharides tested do not bind to the lectin. This novel lectin will be useful for identification of N- and O-linked glycans rich in poly-N-acetyllactosamine.
Asunto(s)
Hemaglutinación , Lectinas/química , Activación de Linfocitos , Polisacáridos/análisis , Aminoácidos/análisis , Linfocitos B/inmunología , Secuencia de Carbohidratos , Cromatografía en Gel , Cromatografía por Intercambio Iónico , Electroforesis en Gel de Poliacrilamida , Eucariontes , Glicoproteínas/farmacología , Hemabsorción , Pruebas de Inhibición de Hemaglutinación , Humanos , Lectinas/aislamiento & purificación , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Peso Molecular , Oligosacáridos/análisis , Linfocitos T/inmunologíaRESUMEN
1. The marine sponge Verongia aerophoba contains two bioactive secondary metabolites from tyrosine, (+)-aeroplysinin-1 [3',5'-dibromo-1',2'-dihydroxy-4'- methoxycyclohexa-3',5'-dien-1'-yl-methyl-cyanide; abbreviated AP] and dibromoverongia-quinol [3',5'-dibromo-1'-hydroxy- 4'-oxocyclohexa-2',5'-dien-1'-yl-acetamide; abbreviated DV], which display strong cytostatic activity. 2. The concentrations causing 50% inhibition of cell growth are 0.47 microM (AP) and 1.21 microM (DV), resp. 3. Depending on depth regions from which the sponges were collected, differences in occurrence of metabolites were observed. 4. AP and DV were found to be present in sponges collected at a depth of 5-10 m, whereas only DV could be detected in material from deeper regions (20-30 m). 5. AP is present only in the surface layers (both the outer and oscular region) of the sponge, while in the centre of the sponge only DV is detected. 6. Cubes from sponges, collected at a depth of 30 m, were cultivated in seawater in vitro and were found to have the capacity (i) to synthesize AP, and (ii) to release this bioactive material into the medium under defined conditions. Under optimal conditions (light and aeration) 100 g of sponge synthesize and release 13.02 mg of AP during a 10-day incubation period. 7. In the dark and without aeration this synthesis was prevented. 8. These data show that also under in vitro conditions sponges retain the capability of producing bioactive compounds and can be induced to produce even substances which they did not secrete in their natural environment.
Asunto(s)
Acetamidas/metabolismo , Antineoplásicos/metabolismo , Benzoquinonas/metabolismo , Poríferos/metabolismo , Acetamidas/aislamiento & purificación , Acetonitrilos/aislamiento & purificación , Acetonitrilos/metabolismo , Animales , Benzoquinonas/aislamiento & purificación , Medios de Cultivo , Ciclohexenos , Técnicas In Vitro , Estructura Molecular , Células Tumorales CultivadasRESUMEN
(+/-)-Aeroplysinin-1, an optically active 1,2-dihydroarene-1,2-diol, was isolated from the marine sponges Verongia aerophoba (+-isomer) and Ianthella ardis (- -isomer). For the experiments presented we used the +-isomer from Verongia aerophoba. Here we describe the hitherto unknown biological and pharmacological property of this compound to display pronounced anticancer activity against L5178y mouse lymphoma cells (ED50: 0.5 microM). Friend erythroleukemia cells (ED50: 0.7 microM), human mamma carcinoma cells (ED50: 0.3 microM) and human colon carcinoma cells (ED50: 3.0 microM) in vitro. Furthermore, aeroplysinin caused a preferential inhibition of [3H]thymidine (dThd) incorporation rates in L5178y mouse lymphoma cells if compared with murine spleen lymphocytes in vitro. At concentrations between 1.1 and 28.5 microM, the [3H]dThd incorporation rates in L5178y cells were suppressed to 28%-0% but only to 78%-18% in murine spleen lymphocytes. The same differential effect in vitro was found with the following epithelial cells: 14.70 microM of the compound were required to inhibit normal human fibroblasts to 50%, but only 2.9 microM in the assays with human malign keratinocytes or malignant melanoma cells to observe the same inhibitory effect. Moreover, aeroplysinin-1 displayed antileukemic activity in vivo using the L5178y cell/NMRI mouse system; administered at a dose of 50 mg/kg for five consecutive days, the T/C (%) value was determined to be 338. Preliminary toxicology studies revealed an acute LD50 of 202 mg/kg and a subacute LD50 of 150 mg/kg. Aeroplysinin-1 is neither a direct mutagen nor a premutagen in the umu/Salmonella typhimurium test system.
Asunto(s)
Acetonitrilos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Leucemia L5178/tratamiento farmacológico , Leucemia Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Células Tumorales Cultivadas/citología , Acetonitrilos/uso terapéutico , Animales , Carcinoma , Línea Celular , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Ciclohexenos , Ensayos de Selección de Medicamentos Antitumorales , Humanos , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos , Pruebas de Mutagenicidad , Salmonella typhimurium/efectos de los fármacos , Células Tumorales Cultivadas/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
A new lectin has been isolated from the coral Gerardia savaglia by affinity chromatography, using locust gum as an absorbent, and D-mannose as eluant. Final purification was achieved by Bio-Gel P300 gel filtration. The agglutinin is a protein composed of two polypeptide chains with a Mr of 14800; the two subunits are not linked by disulfide bond(s). The isoelectric point is 4.8, the amino acid composition is rich in the acidic amino acids aspartic acid and glutamic acid. The absorption maximum for the protein was at 276 nm; with a molar absorption coefficient of 1.27 X 10(5) M-1 cm-1. The lectin precipitated erythrocytes from humans (A, B and O), sheep, rabbit and carp with a titer between 2(5) and 10(10); the affinity constant for lectin binding to sheep red blood cells was 2.8 X 10(8) M-1 and the number of binding sites, 3.2 X 10(5)/cell. Ca2+ ions are required for full activity; the pH optimum lies in the range between 6 and 11. Inhibition experiments revealed that the lectin is specific for D-mannose. The lectin is mitogenic only for those spleen lymphocytes from mice which had been activated by lipopolysaccharide. An interesting feature of this lectin is its ability to bind to glycoproteins present in nuclei from CV-1 monkey kidney cells. The fluorescein-isothiocyanate-labelled lectin reacted with six polypeptides in the nuclear envelope from rat liver (Mr 190,000, 115,000, 80,000, 62,000, 56,000 and 42,000) and with two polypeptides in the nuclear matrix or pore complex lamina fraction (Mr 190,000 and 62,000). The lectin inhibited the nuclear envelope mRNA translocation system in vitro. It is suggested that this effect is due to an interaction of the lectin with the nuclear glycoproteins gp190 and/or gp62.
Asunto(s)
Núcleo Celular/metabolismo , Cnidarios/análisis , Lectinas/farmacología , Manosa/metabolismo , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Aminoácidos/análisis , Animales , Fenómenos Químicos , Química Física , Cromatografía de Afinidad , Citoplasma/metabolismo , Electroforesis , Glicoproteínas/metabolismo , Pruebas de Inhibición de Hemaglutinación , Lectinas/aislamiento & purificación , Lectinas/metabolismo , Linfocitos/citología , Sustancias Macromoleculares , Ratones , Mitosis , Peso Molecular , Proteínas Nucleares/metabolismoRESUMEN
The secondary metabolite avarol, a potent cytostatic and antibacterial sesquiterpenoid hydroquinone, is present in large amounts only in the sponge Dysidea avara (2.7 g avarol/1 kg of fresh material). The present study was designed to determine the storage site of this compound within the organism. Light and transmission electron microscopic studies revealed that avarol is probably stored only in spherular cells. The compound is compartmented in intracellular cytoplasmic vesicles in a paracrystalline form, and therefore can have no inhibitory effect on the sponge cells. Quantitative analysis utilizing high-pressure liquid chromatography revealed that avarol is present at a concentration of 3.2 micrograms/10(6) spherular cells. It appears that avarol is released from the cells into the extracellular space in a merocrine manner. We suggest that it is involved in regulating the bacteria with which the sponge is symbiotically associated.
Asunto(s)
Poríferos/ultraestructura , Sesquiterpenos/análisis , Animales , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Histocitoquímica , Microscopía Electrónica , Poríferos/metabolismoRESUMEN
The two novel antimitotic and potent antileukemic agents avarone and avarol were determined to inhibit the [3H]-dThd incorporation rates of both murine spleen and human peripheral blood lymphocytes within the concentration range of 2-6 microM. The mitogens concanavalin A (ConA; for T lymphocytes), lipopolysaccharide (LPS; for murine B lymphocytes) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM; for human T and B lymphocytes) were used to stimulate DNA synthesis in the lymphocyte fractions. The ED50 concentrations, causing a 50% reduction of [3H]-dThd incorporation, were significantly lower in the experiments with avarone than in those with avarol. Moreover it was established that the DNA synthesis of ConA-activated lymphocytes was more sensitively inhibited by the compounds than that of LPS or PWM-activated cells, or non-activated cells. In addition it was elucidated that at low concentrations (1-2 microM) avarone and avarol caused a stimulation of dThd incorporation only in LPS or PWM-activated lymphocytes. Based on these results it is assumed that both antileukemic agents also affect differentially the different hematologic neoplasms.