RESUMEN
Background: Bleeding is a serious cause of hypotension and tachycardia after childbirth and should always be considered. Case presentation: A healthy woman in her thirties who had previously undergone caesarean section, underwent induction and operative vaginal delivery. Postpartum, she experienced chest pain, hypotension and tachycardia, and had signs of ischaemia on electrocardiogram. A CT scan showed a large intraperitoneal haematoma. The patient underwent immediate laparotomy and received a massive blood transfusion. However, no large haematoma was found. The chest pain was attributed to a myocardial infarction caused by hypovolaemic shock. After discharge, the patient experienced significant vaginal bleeding and was transferred to a different university hospital. A CT scan revealed a large retroperitoneal haematoma. Emergency surgery was performed based on the suspicion of active bleeding, but only an older haematoma was found. Re-evaluation of the initial CT scan revealed that the haematoma was in fact located retroperitoneally and was thereby not found in the first operation. Interpretation: This case highlights the importance of bleeding as an important cause in unstable postpartum patients. Additionally, it is a reminder that retroperitoneal haematomas can occur in obstetric patients and can mask typical symptoms of uterine rupture such as abdominal pain. also hindering perioperative diagnosis.
Asunto(s)
Dolor en el Pecho , Hematoma , Choque , Humanos , Femenino , Adulto , Hematoma/diagnóstico por imagen , Hematoma/etiología , Hematoma/diagnóstico , Dolor en el Pecho/etiología , Choque/etiología , Choque/diagnóstico , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Embarazo , Trastornos Puerperales/diagnóstico , Trastornos Puerperales/etiología , Trastornos Puerperales/diagnóstico por imagen , Espacio Retroperitoneal/diagnóstico por imagen , Cesárea/efectos adversos , Electrocardiografía , Infarto del Miocardio/diagnóstico , Infarto del Miocardio/complicaciones , Hemorragia Posparto/etiología , Hemorragia Posparto/diagnósticoRESUMEN
Bacterial contamination of blood and its cellular components remains the most common microbiological cause of transfusion associated morbidity and mortality, even in developed countries. This yet unresolved complication is seen more often in platelet transfusions, as platelet concentrates are stored at room temperature, in gas permeable containers with constant agitation, which support bacterial proliferation from relatively low undetectable levels, at the beginning of storage time, to relatively high virulent bacteria titers and endotoxin generation, at the end of shelf life. Accordingly, several combined strategies are introduced and implemented to at least reduce the potential risk of bacterial contaminated products for transfusion. These embody: improved donors arms cleaning; bacterial avoidance by diversion of the first portion of collection; reducing bacterial growth through development of newer storage media for longer platelet shelf life; bacterial load reduction by leucoreduction/viral inactivation, in some countries and eliminating the use potentially contaminated units through screening, through current available testing procedures, though none are not yet fully secure. We have not seen the same reduction in bacterial associated transfusion infections as we have observed for the sharp drop in transfusion associated transmission rates of HIV and hepatitis B and C. This great viral reduction is not only caused by the introduction of newer and more sensitive and specific detection methods for different viruses, but also the identification of donor risk groups through questionnaires and personal interviews. While search for more efficient methods for identifying potential blood donors with asymptomatic bacteremia, as well as a better way for detecting bacteria in stored blood components will be continuing, it is necessary to establish more standardized guidelines for the recognition the adverse reactions in recipients of potentially contaminated units. Efforts also should be also directed to identify blood donors with significant risk of bacteremia, at the time of donation in the first place as a high priority. The goal of this review is to highlights strategies for identifying both the sources of bacterial contamination of blood components in Norway and identifying donors with a higher risk of bacteremia at the time of donation. The key to achieving this goal is initiating continual revising and upgrading the Norwegian transfusion guidelines, based on the transfusion legislation and by introducing a relevant specialized donor bacterial questionnaire.