RESUMEN
Penetrating head injury to accomplish suicide by a non-ammunition-related projectile discharged from a nail-gun is a very rare entity. The authors describe even much rarer, and the first reported case of a suicide penetrating head injury by a construction nail discharged from a blank cartridge of a pistol. The absence of beveling and muzzle impression, the non-ejection of the discharged cartridge, and the exit of just the tip of the nail from the other side of wound were the atypical features in this firearm fatality sustained at a contact-range. The entry wound prototypes like abrasion and grease collar, and blackening were absent. An improvisation to insert a construction nail into the chamber of firearm, for utilization as a projectile was another unique highlight here. The deceased was a construction builder. Being debt-ridden, he probably could not manage to purchase even one live cartridge for his licensee pistol to bring suicidal ideation to culmination.
Asunto(s)
Traumatismos Penetrantes de la Cabeza , Suicidio Completo , Humanos , Traumatismos Penetrantes de la Cabeza/patología , Masculino , Armas de Fuego , Adulto , Materiales de ConstrucciónRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To study the influence of COVID-19, as well as various factors on the rate of deaths caused by suicide. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The statistical analysis of mortality according to the data of «Bureau of FME¼ in the period from 2019 to 2020 yrs. and the search of scientific publications over the past 10 years in PubMed database have been conducted. Articles describing the factors influencing suicidal deaths in different population groups were selected from the publications. RESULTS: Statistically significant features that determine the influence of quarantine measures in the period COVID-19 on the mental component of citizens and suicidal dynamics were considered and established.
Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Suicidio , Humanos , Ideación Suicida , Pandemias , Proyectos de InvestigaciónRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To reveal pathological lung changes in baclofen poisoning and to assess their dynamics. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The experiment included 20 mature (at age 20 weeks) male rats of Wistar line weighing 290-350 gr. The animals were divided into 3 study groups (5 rats in each) depending on experiment's duration after 85 mg/kg baclofen administration: 3, 4.5 and 24 h in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd groups, respectively. Control group consisted of 5 animals without baclofen administration. RESULTS: A number of pathological reactions, including circulatory disorder (venular and capillary congestion, hemorrhage in interalveolar septa, alveoli, sludge) and the appearance of emphysema loci (interalveolar septa at emphysema loci are thinned), alternating with atelectases and dystelectases. The area taken up by vessels after 4.5 h. baclofen administration was statistically significantly higher than in control group, and after 24 h. - statistically significantly higher than in 4.5 h. The area with white blood cells and WBC/IAP ratio after 4.5 h of baclofen administration were statistically significantly higher than in control group after 3 and 24 h of administration. The number of white blood cells, giving PAS positive reaction, increases during baclofen administration. The complex of pathological lung changes, revealed by ourselves, has a certain dynamics. CONCLUSION: The data on morphological lung changes combined with results of chemical examination can be used to diagnose baclofen poisoning and to determine the time elapsed since this medicine administration.
Asunto(s)
Baclofeno , Enfisema , Ratas , Masculino , Animales , Ratas Wistar , Pulmón/patología , Enfisema/patologíaRESUMEN
The effect of the toxic dose of the muscle relaxant baclofen on the parameters of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems was studied in adult male Wistar rats (n=20). Systolic and diastolic BP, HR, and respiratory rate were measured; histological changes in the lungs 3, 4.5, and 24 h after drug administration. Baclofen was administered orally in a sublethal toxic dose of 85 mg/kg under anesthesia. Cardiac activity was analyzed using RSM physiological indicators monitoring system with MouseMonitor S (Indus Instruments) software. Histological examination was performed by light microscopy. Baclofen significantly decreased the respiratory rate and increased HR and BP. Histological examination of the lungs revealed a complex of general pathological processes, such as local circulatory disorders (venular and capillary fullness, sludge), leukocyte infiltration of the interalveolar septa and their thickening due to edema. These findings can be used to estimate the time elapsed after baclofen treatment.
Asunto(s)
Baclofeno , Sistema Cardiovascular , Ratas , Animales , Masculino , Baclofeno/farmacología , Ratas Wistar , Presión Sanguínea , PulmónRESUMEN
THE AIM OF THE STUDY: Was to establish a pattern of femur diaphysis fracture with impact force over the entire front surface in an increments of 25 mm. Transverse, oblique and comminuted femur fractures were studied as a result of mathematical modeling. The application of mathematical modeling using the finite element analysis made it possible to visualize and predict the tension arising in the transient material during the impact force of blunt object, as well as the features of fractures' morphology in different sections of femur diaphysis. Modelled data about the mechanism and morphology of femur fracture were confirmed by the results of original full-scale experiments.
Asunto(s)
Diáfisis , Fracturas del Fémur , Humanos , Fémur , Análisis de Elementos FinitosRESUMEN
THE AIM OF THE STUDY: Was to identify the cerebral areas, which demonstrate the most significant structural changes and damaged functional activity in patients with suicidal behavior. The original studies, presented in PubMed database, were used to analyze the literature. Additional literature in the form of atlases, review articles and publications, written in related spheres, was used to interpret the results. The study identified the 69 cerebral regions, demonstrating significant changes and the structures with the most significant deviations among them were selected. The regions of cerebral grey matter, in particular basal ganglia (structures of striatum and limbic system), as well as selected regions of cerebral cortex, specifically frontal, insularis, singulate and parietal mostly were included in the list. The decrease in grey matter volume, changes of neuronal and glial density, special patterns of activity and variations of functional association with other cerebral regions are described within mentioned structures. The literature review found that there was a lack of postmortem examinations in suicidal cases. Advanced study of the described structures is required in cases of completed suicide using new research methods.
Asunto(s)
Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Ideación Suicida , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Corteza CerebralRESUMEN
The purpose of the work is to develop methods of mathematical modeling using finite element analysis in forensic medical examination. The stages of the methodology for solving problems of deformable body mechanics in forensic medicine are considered, which allows to reliably establish the possibility of formation and morphology of damage under specific conditions and circumstances, to focus the researcher's attention on problem points when creating and evaluating the model. The use of simplified models of the human body makes the expert's conclusion more reasonable, which increases the confidence of law enforcement agencies in the activities of the forensic medical expert service and allows for a new look at solving the problems of forensic medicine and forensic medical examination.
Asunto(s)
Testimonio de Experto , Medicina Legal , Humanos , Análisis de Elementos Finitos , Medicina Legal/métodosRESUMEN
The purpose of the work is to study the current state of the performance of situational examinations in district and interdistrict departments of forensic medical examination (FME of the 1st level) with the formation of a unified methodological basis and the introduction of the developed integrated methodology for conducting forensic medical situational examinations in practice work of FME of the 1st level. In this study, the assessment of the current state of performance of situational examinations in FME of the 1st level was carried out on the example of the Tula Regional Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination. At the initial stage, the actual (both absolute and relative) volumes of the performance of situational examinations in the FME of the 1st level were established, with the identification of features of their annual dynamics. The necessity of analyzing certain methodological and epidemiological aspects of the performance of situational examinations is determined.
Asunto(s)
Medicina LegalRESUMEN
The purpose of the study is to develop forensic criteria for determining the mechanisms of fractures of long tubular bones of the lower extremities subjected to dynamic (impact) and static (compression) impacts with blunt objects, in relation to road traffic injury and falling from a height. The morphological characteristics of damages to the long tubular bones of the lower extremities under shock and compression loading of the extremities of biomannequins at various structural levels were studied. Objective morphological qualitative and quantitative criteria for fractures under various types of loading are revealed based on the analysis of the morphological characteristics of a fracture and in the depth of the compact bone layer. Based on the data obtained, models for diagnosing the type of external influence were developed.
Asunto(s)
Diáfisis , Fracturas Óseas , Humanos , Extremidad Inferior , Accidentes por CaídasRESUMEN
The aim of the work is to establish the regularity of the formation femoral diaphysis fracture under an impact action on the anterior surface of the femur at an acute angle. As a result of mathematical modeling, transverse and short oblique, comminuted fractures of the femoral diaphysis were studied. Application of mathematical modeling with final element analysis made it possible to visualize and predict the stresses arising in the trace-perceiving material under the impact action of a blunt solid object. The data obtained in modeling of the mechanism and morphology of the femoral diaphysis fracture are confirmed by the results of the original full-scale experiments. Absence of experiments and practical observations of femoral fractures with the above described conditions does not enable us to fully validate the mathematical model of femoral fracture and indicates the need for scientific research on biomannequins.
Asunto(s)
Fracturas del Fémur , Humanos , Fémur , Modelos Teóricos , Análisis de Elementos FinitosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Liver is the most common organ to get injured in cases of blunt force trauma to the abdomen (BFTA). It is the 2nd commonest organ after brain to sustain injuries out of all the trauma related fatalities. However, the literature about contre-coup injuries to the liver due to BFTA is scarce in-spite of the high mortality rates seen out of injury to this particular organ. PURPOSE: The authors intended to systematize the characteristic morphogenesis of the contre-coup injuries of the liver on the basis of the patho-mechanics involved in various types of BFTA. METHODOLOGY: One hundred and sixty three cases of BFTA were identified, and interpretation was attempted for the contre-coup rupture of the liver seen in twenty out of all the trauma related fatalities that presented for post-mortem examination during the study period. However, the mechanics of the pattern of the rupture injuries to the liver were indiscernible. This motivated the authors to conduct the comparative characterization of injuries to the liver by experimental simulation of BFTA after necessary permission via inflicting pre-calculated forces on unclaimed cadavers. RESULTS: The patterns of contre-coup rupture/s of liver were established in all the twenty out of one sixty-three cases of BFTA. The rupture depicted patterns of injury in the situations of - 1) strong hits with a limited surface trauma, 2) very strong hits with a generalized surface trauma, 3) and collision with a solid surface resulting due to fall onto the side of the abdomen. The causative mechanism discerned was deformation of the liver, followed by its parenchymal rupture due to the shear and strain types of force/s consequent upon tissue compression. The minimum force and energy of impact required for the liver to rupture was estimated to be 2000 N and 141.5 J. CONCLUSION: This series of the simulation experiments revealed two variants of liver rupture in the contre-coup impact zone. The pattern of injury was maintained in cases, those studied at post-mortem examinations, but the relief ruptures were found to vary depending upon the overall mechanics of the traumatic forces involved in the simulation experiments performed on the cadavers. The anti-shock ruptures were formed during shock trauma, and shockproof ruptures were not seen in cases of underlying compressive forces. The morphogenetic characterization of the relief rupture surface of the liver was also delineated in relation to its surface orientation to the spine on the basis of the terms "large" and "very large" depicting the quantum of force/s delivered out of an impact or blow.
Asunto(s)
Traumatismos Abdominales , Lesiones por Contragolpe , Heridas no Penetrantes , Abdomen , Traumatismos Abdominales/complicaciones , Cadáver , Lesiones por Contragolpe/complicaciones , Humanos , Hígado/lesiones , Rotura , Heridas no Penetrantes/complicacionesRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: - This study intends to address the scarcity of data regarding the pathogenesis of Baclofen poisoning in humans, which has seen a recent increase, worldwide, especially amongst the young people. Another reason for the conduction of this study was lack of the substantial data about the histo-pathological findings of lungs, in synergistic toxicity of Baclofen with Ethanol, in-spite of it being very common in humans, and both being respiratory depressant with similar mechanism of action. PURPOSE: - The authors aimed to understand the pathogenesis of fatal poisonings in humans due to Baclofen in combination with Ethanol via an animal research model. The enhancement of the overall scientific literature by extending research along the lines of the handful studies available in this regard was another adjunct goal of the study. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifteen Wistar rats were divided into control and test group of five and ten subjects respectively. The test group was further divided into two sub-groups of five each, with Baclofen administered to one, and it in conjunction with Ethanol to the other, in lowest dosages adjusted for the humans. Rats in both the groups were euthanized by dislocation of the cervical vertebrae for the histopathology examination. RESULTS: Capillary and venous plethora, hemorrhages in the inter-alveolar septi, hemorrhages into the alveoli and sludging was seen in the 1st sub-group. The plethora of venules, capillaries and arterioles, with sludging by the WBC (white blood corpuscle) infiltrates was seen in the 2nd sub-group. Desquamation of the ciliated epithelium and edematous thickening of the intra-alveolar septi, along with features suggestive of the peri-vascular edema was seen in the 2nd sub-group. The morphometric analysis of the micro vessels showed a significantly higher value of the arteriolar diameter in the 2nd sub-group, in comparison to 1st, but the venular diameter in the two sub-groups did not differ to any extent.
Asunto(s)
Baclofeno , Etanol , Adolescente , Animales , Baclofeno/farmacología , Humanos , Alveolos Pulmonares , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Explosion fatalities are the severest type of violent crimes. These involve the use of explosive devices in terrorist like activities in confined spaces in civilian or military settings, with mass number of people present all around. A stark dearth of literature for the forensic interpretation of such catastrophes is astonishing. PURPOSE: Characterization of the pattern of the multitude of injuries in explosions in confined spaces as guide for investigations and growth of literature on this entity. METHODOLOGY: A review of the archives of the forensic examinations of mass fatalities due to an explosion in a metro car was undertaken. It was combined with the reconstruction of the events by developing a three-dimensional model of this incident that involved seventeen fatalities. RESULTS: All the decedents showed differential pattern of fatal injuries under the influence of damaging explosion factors (DEFs). The causative forces were characterized as gas-detonation (in all the cases), damaging effect by shock waves (59% of the cases), and impact of fragmentation and collision of the body (thrown off) with nearby objects. Traumatic effect due to shrapnel as well as blunt force was noted in 82% of the cases. Gross destruction of head due to combined effect of gas-detonation and fragmentation was seen in 29% of the cases. CONCLUSION: An interpretation of the nature and pattern of injuries in confined space explosions can help to estimate the location of deceased/s with respect to the epicenter and the type of DEFs.
Asunto(s)
Traumatismos por Explosión , Explosiones , Incidentes con Víctimas en Masa , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Traumatismos por Explosión/patología , Causas de Muerte , Patologia Forense , Ondas de Choque de Alta Energía , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Terrorismo , Transportes , Heridas no Penetrantes , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Numerous studies have been conducted by using sophisticated methodologies for the deduction of range in cases of firearm injuries. However, the stark dearth of literature for similar purpose by just simple analysis of blood traces on items of clothing is astonishing. PURPOSE: This study was done to determine the relationship between range of a rifled firearm and blood traces on the clothing of victims in firearm injuries. METHODOLOGY: Simulation experiments were performed by firing test shots in closed shooting range by using a Glock 17 pistol (9 mm luger) into pieces of clothing soaked with sheep blood. A total of 132 shots were fired. The morphologies and amount of blood spatter formed over a range varying from 5 cm to 100 cm (shooting angle-90°) were studied. RESULTS: An inverse relationship was found to exist between morphology of blood traces produced on the target and the distance of the shot fired. The misting and micro-blood spatters were recorded at a range of 5-60 cm. The distance from which shots were fired carried significant impact on the appearance and density of the spray and the blood spatter. CONCLUSIONS: The results provide a scientifically determined, statistically valid and simple equation formula in the most cost effective and easy manner for the deduction of range by mere examination of clothing in cases of firearm injuries. The requirements of the sacrifice of animals, and/or extrapolation of the results to humans by conducting experiments using hypothetical targets were also obviated in this study.
Asunto(s)
Armas de Fuego , Heridas por Arma de Fuego , Animales , Vestuario , Balística Forense/métodos , Medicina Legal/métodos , Humanos , Ovinos , Heridas por Arma de Fuego/diagnósticoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The very limited literature about the characteristic morphology of the firearm ammunition wounds in the body armored victims led authors to conduct an experimental study to understand this issue of great forensic and medico-legal importance. PURPOSE: An autopsy of a male sniper was fraught with a challenge to differentiate between a firearm ammunition entry and exit wound. He was wearing body armour when shot at during a hostage rescue operation. The study was conducted to standardize the findings and answer the queries in such cases of forearms with inherent legal implications. METHODOLOGY: The modifying effect of the clothing and the armour on the firearm injuries in humans was studied by test firings on animal (pig) cadaver tissues, which has closest simulation to the human body tissues. These firings were preceded by X-ray fluorescence, and followed by stereoscopic and spectroscopic examinations. All the events were recorded by the high-resolution video camera shoots. RESULTS: An extensive cavitation in the form of a cone shaped crater, and a tissue defect with precipitated edges and patching of the epidermal layers indicated a firearm entry and exit wound, respectively, in victims wearing body armour at the time of the firearm injury.
Asunto(s)
Armas de Fuego , Heridas por Arma de Fuego , Animales , Autopsia , Cadáver , Balística Forense , Masculino , PorcinosRESUMEN
The review summarizes and systematizes the literature data characterizing the forensic medical aspects in the complex assessment of injuries received because of the impact of damaging factors of explosion in different peacetime conditions. The current state of forensic-medical examination of the explosive trauma is considered; the problems are revealed and the perspective directions in their solution are outlined. The analysis of publications on the issue of forensic examination of blast trauma injuries has shown that a more detailed characterization is given in the domestic literature than in the foreign one. Further study of this problem will make it possible to determine the formation laws of injuries received in explosive trauma, the distance from the epicenter of the explosion, the position of the victims and conditions of body trauma in confined spaces, as well as to refine the classification of explosive trauma depending on the conditions and circumstances of the explosion.
Asunto(s)
Traumatismos por Explosión , Sustancias Explosivas , Medicina Legal , HumanosRESUMEN
Worldwide advances in computer techniques are not yet recognised in the practice of forensic medicine. A promising application is their use in making a three-dimensional reconstruction of the crime scene. This study analyses this technique in a homicide by firearm. Queries regarding the direction and number of shots, position of the victim inside the car when shot at and presence of the accused at the crime scene were answered by a scientific model. Similar reconstruction of the scene, nailing the accused in a heinous crime, has not previously been reported as a study or a case. The paper anticipates impetus to the growth of literature in criminology and forensic sciences. It will also expedite the delivery of justice based on scientific evidence in controversial causes of death.
Asunto(s)
Armas de Fuego , Homicidio , Computadores , Ciencias Forenses , Humanos , Imagenología TridimensionalRESUMEN
The paper presents the results of a comparative epidemiological study of thermal injury and fatal hypothermia based on the results of consolidated reports of the Bureau of Forensic Medicine of the Moscow Department of Health for 2017-2019. It was analyzed the archival material for three calendar years. It was used a continuous retrospective research method with an assessment of the general aggregate of the death incidence from thermal injury and hypothermia in Moscow in 2017-2019 by means of nonparametric statistical methods. Deaths from thermal injury and hypothermia are the most often accidents. The incidence of this type of death is characterized by ups and downs depending on the season. May, January and December are the most dangerous for burns. A similar pattern, with the exception of May, was noted for hypothermia. It was found that men aged 50-70 and women of 70-90 years old die most often. It was determined that most social characteristics (education, being married, etc.) alter the average age when deaths occur. The results obtained provide statistical justification for further more thorough study of thermal injury and hypothermia.
Asunto(s)
Quemaduras , Hipotermia , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Quemaduras/epidemiología , Quemaduras/etiología , Femenino , Medicina Legal , Humanos , Hipotermia/epidemiología , Hipotermia/etiología , Masculino , Moscú , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
Morphological structure of the destroyed compact layer at the fracture site in long tubular bones was examined after various forms of external disturbance. Different load intensity was shown to cause qualitatively different changes in the texture of the affected bone tissue "at opens up the possibility for differential diagnosis of the impact and pressure on the fractured surface.