RESUMEN
AIM: This study aimed to explore the psychological and dynamic process of modification and evaluate its time-series peculiarity in family caregivers involved in associations for the families of dementia patients. METHODS: The current study included 39 family caregivers involved in two associations for the families of dementia patients. Five-year free group conversations in the family caregivers were recorded and converted into a verbatim record. The KJ method was then used to encode and group the verbatim record. After analyzing grouped terms and structuring the psychological and dynamic process of modification, time periods of the psychological status were determined based on the psychological process and the time-oriented perspective. The verbatim record extracted by the KJ method was analyzed by text-mining and a cluster analysis in order to assess validity of the psychological process and its time division. In addition, the appearance ratio of the texts extracted in each time period were analyzed to determine the longitudinal peculiarity in the psychological and dynamic process. RESULTS: The psychological process of family caregivers was classified broadly into four components: (1) recognizing and identifying problems, (2) seeking help and dealing with problems, (3) remedying and evaluating problems, and (4) feeling effective and empowering oneself to overcome problems. The validity of the psychological process and its time division was supported by text-mining and a cluster analysis. The appearance ratio of the texts extracted in each time period was quasi-periodic and recursive rather than transient. CONCLUSIONS: The psychological and dynamic process elucidated in the current study consists of four major components participants experience when involved in associations for the families of dementia patients. Although this process may not have originated in associations for the families of dementia patients, a quasi-periodic and recursive tendency in the appearance ratio of extracted texts is a notable feature. In dementia care, it is vital to foresee emerging challenges on a constant basis and attempt precedent, forecasting-type care. Being involved in associations for the families of dementia patients facilitates the administration of forecasting-type care.
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Cuidadores , Demencia , Comunicación , Familia , Humanos , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
In middle age, some people may become mentally or emotionally unstable. Additionally, in Japan, mood disorders, such as depressive symptoms, occur mostly among middle-aged women (i.e., aged 40-49 years). However, few studies have examined stressors related to mental health. In the present study, we developed a stressor scale for middle-aged women and examined stressors correlated with middle-aged women's mental health. In January 2015, an anonymous, self-administered survey was mailed to 1,000 randomly selected women aged 45 through 64 years living in Tokyo, Japan. Completed questionnaires were obtained from 329 women (32.9 percent). Factor analysis identified the following stressor categories: "relationship with my husband," "uneasiness about old age," "health concerns," "work-life balance," and "relationship with my friends." "Uneasiness about old age" and "health concerns" were correlated negatively with participants' mental health. Improving middle-aged women's health requires interventions that relieve stressors resulting from age-related problems and promote a positive image of old age.
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Depresión/psicología , Estado de Salud , Relaciones Interpersonales , Salud Mental , Estrés Psicológico/psicología , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Japón , Persona de Mediana Edad , Distribución Aleatoria , Factores Socioeconómicos , Estrés Psicológico/etnología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Salud de la MujerRESUMEN
Using a sample of 116 Japanese men who had been placed under parole/probationary supervision or released from prison, the present study examined standardization, reliability, and validation of the Japanese Criminal Thinking Inventory (JCTI) that was based on the short form of the Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles (PICTS), a self-rating instrument designed to evaluate cognitive patterns specific to criminal conduct. An exploratory factor analysis revealed that four dimensions adequately captured the structure of the JCTI, and the resultant 17-item JCTI demonstrated high internal consistency. Compared with the Japanese version of the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BAQ), the JCTI showed a favorable pattern of criterion-related validity. Prior criminal environment and drug abuse as the most recent offense also significantly correlated with the JCTI total score. Overall, the JCTI possesses an important implication for offender rehabilitation as it identifies relevant cognitive targets and assesses offender progress.
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Criminales/psicología , Inventario de Personalidad , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Humanos , Japón , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prisioneros/psicología , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/psicología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
The liposomalization and polyethyleneglycol (PEG) modification of antitumor agents prolongs their circulation in the blood and increases their accumulation in the tumor. It is expected that modification of the liposome surface with PEG-Lipid will prevent connection of liposome and tumor cell, so we examined the effect of PEG chain length and anchor length on liposome uptake into the tumor cell. It was obvious that modification of the liposome surface with PEG-Lipid did not prevent liposome uptake into tumor cells, but rather, promoted it. It was suggested that the increase in liposome uptake into the tumor cell was induced by modification of PEG-lipids with apparent stability. In other words, PEG 2,000-DPG, which had a high rate of residual PEG-Lipid on liposomal membrane depending on the re-uptake to liposomal membrane, met to this requirement.