RESUMEN
This study aimed to investigate the stress-related changes that may occur in sheep following non-surgical cervical line passage. A total of 20 sheep underwent transcervical transition, and their heart rate, respiratory rate, body temperature, and blood samples were collected at specific time points: 1 h prior to the procedure, immediately after the procedure, and at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 h post-procedure. The study found that there was a statistically significant decrease in body temperature immediately after the procedure (p < .05); however, there were no significant differences in body temperature at other time points (p > .05). Respiratory rate remained similar throughout the study, and no significant differences were observed (p > .05). On the other hand, there was a significant increase in heart rate at the 1-h mark after the procedure (p < .05), which subsequently decreased to a similar level as the control group at the 4-h mark after the procedure (p > .05). The cortisol levels increased significantly after the application (p < .05) but decreased to a level similar to the control after 1 h (p > .05). The level of nitric oxide increased significantly in the first hour (p < .05) and decreased by the 5th hour (p < .05). There was a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and total oxidant capacity (TOC) levels 2 h after the application (p < .05), but this increase ceased at the 4th and 5th hours for MDA (p > .05) and at the 3rd, 4th and 5th hours for TOC (p > .05). The total antioxidant capacity decreased after the 2nd hour of application (p < .05) but remained similar at the fourth and 5th hours (p > .05). In conclusion, based on the cortisol data, transcervical manipulations create short-term stress. Therefore, it may be necessary to use various antioxidants before such procedures to reduce the effects of oxidative stress.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes , Hidrocortisona , Ovinos , Animales , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Estrés OxidativoRESUMEN
Oxidative stress (OS) related to birth in ruminants may increase susceptibility to diseases. However, information about the physiological changes related to OS in lambs is limited. This study was designed to evaluate changes in OS parameters [total antioxidant status (TAS, mmol Trolox Equiv./L), total oxidant status (TOS, µmol H2O2 Equiv./L)] and calculated oxidative stress index (OSi = TOS/TAS * 100, Arbitrary Unit) and its association with passive colostral transfer immunity and health status in neonatal Akkaraman crossbreed lambs. Control group of healthy lambs (n = 15) were blood sampled before (day 0) and after colostrum intake (on day 1, 2, 4, 7, 14 and 28) in order to evaluate the effect of colostrum intake on TAS, TOS and OSi over time. In addition, a group of lambs (experimental group, n = 60), based on their health status and different cut off value of IgG (mg/dL), was also blood sampled at 24 ± 1 h of colostrum ingestion to determine the relationship between OS parameters, IgG and health status. OS was evident at birth and gradually decreased in control group as TOS (days 0:8.06 ± 0.64, 1:7.05 ± 0.51, 2:5.23 ± 0.35, 4:5.05 ± 0.2, 7:5.13 ± 0.34, 14:3.75 ± 0.12 and 28:3.73 ± 0.15 µmol H2O2 Equiv./L), OSi (days 0: 8.35 ± 0.64, 1: 9.17 ± 1.05, 2:6.83 ± 0.6, 4:6.30 ± 0.20, 7:6.67 ± 0.59, 14:4.46 ± 0.19 and 28:4.87 ± 0.29 au) and TAS (days 0: 0.97 ± 0.02, 1:0.82 ± 0.04, 2:0.81 ± 0.05, 4:0.81 ± 0.02, 7:0.80 ± 0.03, 14:0.85 ± 0.02 and 28:0.79 ± 0.03 mmol Trolox Equiv./L) values changed over time. In the experimental group, the lambs died in the first week of the neonatal period had higher levels of TOS (10.3 ± 0.90 µmol H2O2 Equiv./L) and OSi (1.61 ± 0.22 au) than healthy ones (TOS:6.90 ± 0.36 µmol H2O2 Equiv./L, OSi:1.12 ± 0.11 au) (P < 0.001). The gradual decrease in OS in the neonatal period was accepted as a sign of improved antioxidant response. The study disclosed that deaths may develop when OS at birth is not balanced by sufficient amount and quality of colostrum an important source of antioxidants such as enzymes and vitamins. The study presented may provide new information in the field of study on oxidative stress in neonatal lambs and help to prevent deaths in the first week of life. It can also be useful in developing preventive measures such as supplements of antioxidants to colostrum.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes , Peróxido de Hidrógeno , Animales , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Calostro , Femenino , Estado de Salud , Inmunoglobulina G , Estrés Oxidativo , Embarazo , Ovinos , Oveja DomésticaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Enilconazole is a broad-spectrum topical antimycotic agent used for the management of bovine dermatophytosis. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: To investigate the efficacy of pomades containing different concentrations of enilconazole for the treatment of bovine dermatophytosis. METHODS: Dermatophytosis was confirmed in 120 cattle from farm in Gole region of Turkey. Animals were divided into six groups (n = 20 in each). Pomades containing 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% enilconazole were applied topically to individual lesions in groups I-V, respectively, once a day for 3 days. Group VI animals were used as a control group. Animals were monitored clinically once a week for a two month period. RESULTS: Cows treated with pomades containing 4% and 5% enilconazole recovered; adverse topical reactions occurred in 40% and 55% of animals, respectively. The success rate for cows treated with pomades containing 3% enilconazole was 95% and they recovered with no adverse reactions. Success rates for treatment were 25% and 50% for cows treated with pomades containing 1% and 2% enilconazole, respectively. No improvement was observed in the control group. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Pomades containing 3% enilconazole are recommended for the treatment of bovine dermatophytosis.