Asunto(s)
Infecciones Virales del Ojo/diagnóstico , Herpes Zóster Oftálmico/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Necrosis Retiniana Aguda/diagnóstico , 2-Aminopurina/análogos & derivados , 2-Aminopurina/uso terapéutico , Antivirales/uso terapéutico , Humor Acuoso/virología , ADN Viral/análisis , Infecciones Virales del Ojo/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones Virales del Ojo/virología , Famciclovir , Femenino , Glucocorticoides/uso terapéutico , Herpes Zóster Oftálmico/tratamiento farmacológico , Herpes Zóster Oftálmico/virología , Herpesvirus Humano 3/genética , Herpesvirus Humano 3/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Soluciones Oftálmicas , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Prednisolona/análogos & derivados , Prednisolona/uso terapéutico , Síndrome de Necrosis Retiniana Aguda/tratamiento farmacológico , Síndrome de Necrosis Retiniana Aguda/virología , Uveítis Anterior , Cuerpo Vítreo/virologíaAsunto(s)
Enfermería de Práctica Avanzada/tendencias , Atención a la Salud/tendencias , Oftalmopatías/enfermería , Rol de la Enfermera , Oftalmología , Análisis Costo-Beneficio , Humanos , Educación del Paciente como Asunto , Satisfacción del Paciente , Calidad de la Atención de Salud , Recursos HumanosRESUMEN
Trichiasis is a common disorder in which eyelashes or cilia arising from their normal position are misdirected toward the ocular surface. This condition frequently causes ocular surface irritation and commonly results from eyelid inflammation and scarring which disrupts the direction of growth of cilia follicles. The knowledge of eyelid and cilia anatomy is important to the success of the treatment. Management options include epilation, electrolysis, radiofrequency ablation, laser photoablation, cryotherapy and surgical removal of the offending cilia. Treatment is made by the clinician based upon the number, distribution and severity of the trichiasis. Recognition and management of the underlying cause of the trichiasis should also be addressed. Nevertheless, recalcitrant or recurrent cilia are not unusual despite a systematic approach to this condition. This article will briefly discuss trichiasis and the relevant eyelid and cilia anatomy. Subsequently, the current treatment modalities for trichiasis and their complications will be described.
Asunto(s)
Ablación por Catéter/métodos , Electrólisis/métodos , Pestañas/patología , Remoción del Cabello/métodos , Triquiasis , Humanos , Incidencia , Queensland/epidemiología , Resultado del Tratamiento , Triquiasis/diagnóstico , Triquiasis/epidemiología , Triquiasis/terapiaAsunto(s)
Antiinfecciosos/efectos adversos , Conjuntivitis/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades de la Córnea/inducido químicamente , Síndrome de Stevens-Johnson/inducido químicamente , Combinación Trimetoprim y Sulfametoxazol/efectos adversos , Conjuntivitis/patología , Conjuntivitis/terapia , Enfermedades de la Córnea/patología , Enfermedades de la Córnea/terapia , Párpados/patología , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Síndrome de Stevens-Johnson/patología , Síndrome de Stevens-Johnson/terapiaAsunto(s)
Estrías Angioides/complicaciones , Neovascularización Coroidal/etiología , Inhibidores de la Angiogénesis/administración & dosificación , Estrías Angioides/tratamiento farmacológico , Anticuerpos Monoclonales Humanizados/administración & dosificación , Bevacizumab , Neovascularización Coroidal/tratamiento farmacológico , Femenino , Humanos , Inyecciones Intravítreas , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factor A de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/antagonistas & inhibidores , Agudeza VisualRESUMEN
This article will briefly discuss episcleritis and scleritis as clinical entities. Both are forms of ocular inflammation but have different clinical, therapeutic and prognostic implications. Episcleritis is a self-limited disease, causing mild discomfort and infrequently requiring therapeutic intervention. Scleritis is a painful, inflammatory process, commonly associated with systemic disorders and requires systemic anti-inflammatory therapy. It is important to be able to distinguish between the two clinical conditions, as prompt initiation of therapy for scleritis can be sight saving.
Asunto(s)
Escleritis , Humanos , Escleritis/diagnóstico , Escleritis/tratamiento farmacológico , Escleritis/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
Albinism is an inherited disorder characterized by a reduction or absence of melanin in the hair, skin, and/or eyes. Tyrosinase, a major enzyme required in the production of melanin, is deficient to varying degrees in albinism. Albinism can be divided into one of two broad categories, oculocutaneous and ocular albinism, based on the involvement of hair, skin and the eyes versus only the eyes, respectively. Common ocular findings include reduced visual acuity, refractive errors, iris transillumination, nystagmus, foveal hypoplasia, fundus hypopigmentation and misrouting of optic nerve fibres at the chiasm. Eye care professionals can play an important role when tending to patients with albinism. This article will provide the reader with an overview of the etiology of albinism, the prevalence, clinical manifestations and management options.
Asunto(s)
Albinismo Oculocutáneo , Melaninas/metabolismo , Epitelio Pigmentado Ocular/metabolismo , Albinismo Oculocutáneo/epidemiología , Albinismo Oculocutáneo/genética , Albinismo Oculocutáneo/metabolismo , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Genotipo , Salud Global , Humanos , Epitelio Pigmentado Ocular/patología , Prevalencia , PronósticoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To assess the repeatability and validity of lens densitometry derived from the Pentacam Scheimpflug imaging system. SETTING: Eye Clinic, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia. METHODS: This prospective cross-sectional study evaluated 1 eye of subjects with or without cataract. Scheimpflug measurements and slitlamp and retroillumination photographs were taken through a dilated pupil. Lenses were graded with the Lens Opacities Classification System III. Intraobserver and interobserver reliability of 3 observers performing 3 repeated Scheimpflug lens densitometry measurements each was assessed. Three lens densitometry metrics were evaluated: linear, for which a line was drawn through the visual axis and a mean lens densitometry value given; peak, which is the point at which lens densitometry is greatest on the densitogram; 3-dimensional (3D), in which a fixed, circular 3.0 mm area of the lens is selected and a mean lens densitometry value given. Bland and Altman analysis of repeatability for multiple measures was applied; results were reported as the repeatability coefficient and relative repeatability (RR). RESULTS: Twenty eyes were evaluated. Repeatability was high. Overall, interobserver repeatability was marginally lower than intraobserver repeatability. The peak was the least reliable metric (RR 37.31%) and 3D, the most reliable (RR 5.88%). Intraobserver and interobserver lens densitometry values in the cataract group were slightly less repeatable than in the noncataract group. CONCLUSION: The intraobserver and interobserver repeatability of Scheimpflug lens densitometry was high in eyes with cataract and eyes without cataract, which supports the use of automated lens density scoring using the Scheimpflug system evaluated in the study.
Asunto(s)
Catarata/clasificación , Cristalino/patología , Fotograbar/normas , Adulto , Anciano , Biometría , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Variaciones Dependientes del Observador , Estudios Prospectivos , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Adulto JovenAsunto(s)
Queratitis por Acanthamoeba , Queratitis por Acanthamoeba/diagnóstico , Queratitis por Acanthamoeba/epidemiología , Queratitis por Acanthamoeba/prevención & control , Queratitis por Acanthamoeba/terapia , Amebicidas/administración & dosificación , Amebicidas/uso terapéutico , Trasplante de Córnea , Humanos , Incidencia , Soluciones Oftálmicas , PrevalenciaAsunto(s)
Bacterias/aislamiento & purificación , Conjuntiva/microbiología , Párpados/microbiología , Hongos/aislamiento & purificación , Profilaxis Antibiótica , Lentes de Contacto/efectos adversos , Susceptibilidad a Enfermedades , Humanos , Control de Infecciones/métodos , Infecciones/etiología , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Oftalmológicos , Valores de ReferenciaRESUMEN
Recurrent corneal erosion is a relatively common condition characterized by one or more episodes of spontaneous breakdown of the corneal epithelium. It classically occurs at the time of awakening and individual episodes may vary in severity and duration of symptoms. Classification as either primary or secondary depends on whether the defect in the epithelial basement membrane is intrinsic or acquired. The characteristics of this condition will be discussed and various medical and surgical management strategies will be reviewed. This will provide greater understanding in the care of patients with this condition as ophthalmic nurses and technicians.
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Córnea/patología , Distrofias Hereditarias de la Córnea/patología , Distrofias Hereditarias de la Córnea/terapia , Antiinflamatorios/uso terapéutico , Membrana Basal/patología , Lentes de Contacto , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Láseres de Excímeros , Queratectomía Fotorrefractiva/métodos , Pronóstico , RecurrenciaRESUMEN
The insertion of an intraocular lens during cataract surgery is routine but delayed opacification of hydrophilic foldable intraocular lenses (IOLs) has been increasingly noticed as a late post-operative complication. Such opacification may present with reduced visual acuity and can be diagnosed with slitlamp biomicroscopy. Lens explantation may be required. We report an 89-year-old female presenting with opacification of a Hydroview IOL and correlate the clinical findings of the lens in situ with the light microscopy of the explanted lens, as well as transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and elemental analysis. Pathological analysis of an explanted IOL may assist in a better understanding of the condition and may become relevant in medico-legal proceedings.
Asunto(s)
Extracción de Catarata , Lentes Intraoculares/efectos adversos , Complicaciones Posoperatorias , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Humanos , Falla de Prótesis , Reoperación , Agudeza VisualRESUMEN
Corneal transplantation is the most commonly performed transplant surgery in the world today. This procedure replaces all or some of the recipient cornea with a cadaveric donor cornea. It has been 100 years since the first successful human allograft corneal transplantation was performed. This article provides the reader with a brief history of corneal transplantation.
Asunto(s)
Trasplante de Córnea/historia , Animales , Enfermedades de la Córnea/historia , Enfermedades de la Córnea/cirugía , Historia del Siglo XVIII , Historia del Siglo XIX , Historia del Siglo XX , HumanosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To describe the implementation of a nurse-led preoperative cataract assessment and postoperative care clinic and to assess the safety, efficacy and outcomes. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: A prospective study involving 185 public patients (221 eyes) referred to the Department of Ophthalmology at Flinders Medical Centre for cataract surgery. The study was conducted between February 2003 and August 2004. INTERVENTIONS: Patients were assessed in the nurse-led preoperative assessment clinic. Those deemed suitable for cataract surgery were also assessed by an ophthalmologist and underwent cataract surgery if appropriate. The nurse managed postoperative care. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Concordance between nurse practitioner and ophthalmologist assessments; waiting times for first clinic appointment and surgery; visual acuity and degree of visual disability; patient satisfaction. RESULTS: 114 patients (61.6%) were assigned to see the ophthalmologist for cataract surgery. Median waiting times fell from 115 days (range, 23-268 days) to 21 days (range, 9-43 days) for initial clinic appointment, and from 44 days (range, 5-148 days) to 29 days (range, 14-154 days) for surgery. All 114 patients were listed for cataract surgery, and surgery had been performed on 121 eyes by the end of the study. After surgery, visual acuity improved by a mean of 0.45 logMAR (logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution) (SD, 0.24; range, 0.08-1.32). All patients had improved visual ability and high levels of satisfaction. Three quality assurance evaluations demonstrated full concordance between nurse and ophthalmologist assessments. CONCLUSIONS: Implementing a nurse-led cataract assessment clinic improved access to care for public patients with cataracts. The safety and efficacy of the program and its excellent visual and patient-centred outcomes commend its adaptation and implementation to other ophthalmology departments.