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BACKGROUND: Orbital apex syndrome (OAS) is a condition characterised by lesions within the orbital apex, leading to various ophthalmologic symptoms. This study aimed to analyse the clinical characteristics and treatment strategies of OAS with respect to aetiology. METHODS: This retrospective analysis utilised data from 5 medical institutions between 2013 and 2022. Patients who were diagnosed with OAS were initially enrolled, but patients who failed to follow up at least 1 month were excluded. The prevalence of initial ophthalmologic symptoms and visual improvement after treatment was compared according to aetiology. Factors related to visual improvement were analysed. RESULTS: Among 73 enrolled patients, the leading aetiology was tumours, followed by fungal infections and inflammation. Visual impairment and proptosis were prevalent in tumour-related OAS cases. Inflammation-related OAS exhibited a higher likelihood of painful eye movements and ophthalmoplegia. Ptosis was most frequently observed in fungal infection-related OAS. Notably, fungal infections emerged as the sole significant factor negatively impacting vision progression. In inflammation-related OAS, the time interval between symptom onset and the administration of steroids was longer in patients without visual improvement, even though there was no statistically significant difference. CONCLUSIONS: Tumours were the predominant cause of OAS. Visual impairment was a common manifestation in tumour-related OAS, while fungal infections were strongly associated with a poor visual prognosis. The timely administration of steroids might be helpful for improving vision in patients with inflammation-related OAS. However, further studies are needed to enhance understanding and management of OAS.
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the accuracy of artificial intelligence-assisted growth prediction using a convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm and longitudinal lateral cephalograms (Lat-cephs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 198 Japanese preadolescent children, who had skeletal Class I malocclusion and whose Lat-cephs were available at age 8 years (T0) and 10 years (T1), were allocated into the training, validation, and test phases (n = 161, n = 17, n = 20). Orthodontists and the CNN model identified 28 hard-tissue landmarks (HTL) and 19 soft-tissue landmarks (STL). The mean prediction error values were defined as 'excellent,' 'very good,' 'good,' 'acceptable,' and 'unsatisfactory' (criteria: 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm, 1.5 mm, and 2.0 mm, respectively). The degree of accurate prediction percentage (APP) was defined as 'very high,' 'high,' 'medium,' and 'low' (criteria: 90%, 70%, and 50%, respectively) according to the percentage of subjects that showed the error range within 1.5 mm. RESULTS: All HTLs showed acceptable-to-excellent mean PE values, while the STLs Pog', Gn', and Me' showed unsatisfactory values, and the rest showed good-to-acceptable values. Regarding the degree of APP, HTLs Ba, ramus posterior, Pm, Pog, B-point, Me, and mandibular first molar root apex exhibited low APPs. The STLs labrale superius, lower embrasure, lower lip, point of lower profile, B', Pog,' Gn' and Me' also exhibited low APPs. The remainder of HTLs and STLs showed medium-to-very high APPs. CONCLUSION: Despite the possibility of using the CNN model to predict growth, further studies are needed to improve the prediction accuracy in HTLs and STLs of the chin area.
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Puntos Anatómicos de Referencia , Inteligencia Artificial , Cefalometría , Maloclusión Clase I de Angle , Redes Neurales de la Computación , Humanos , Cefalometría/métodos , Niño , Femenino , Masculino , Puntos Anatómicos de Referencia/diagnóstico por imagen , Maloclusión Clase I de Angle/diagnóstico por imagen , Algoritmos , Desarrollo Maxilofacial , Predicción , Mandíbula/diagnóstico por imagen , Mandíbula/crecimiento & desarrolloRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: A cardiogenic embolus could reach the posterior circulation through the right vertebral artery because of a relatively larger diameter in cases of left vertebral artery hypoplasia. Hence, we investigated whether left vertebral artery hypoplasia is associated with cardiac embolisms with atrial fibrillation in the posterior circulation and its functional outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this monocentric retrospective study, patients with acute cardioembolic stroke with atrial fibrillation were enrolled and underwent CT or neck MRA, which visualized the aortic arch and subclavian arteries. The laterality and size of vertebral artery hypoplasia were recorded. Posterior circulation stroke, basilar artery occlusion, and the functional outcomes after 3 months were investigated. RESULTS: This study included 407 patients; the patients with left vertebral artery hypoplasia experienced a higher rate of posterior circulation stroke (19 versus 73; 42.2% versus 20.2%; P = .001) and basilar artery occlusion (5 versus 10; 11.1% versus 2.8%; P = .005) than the patients without left vertebral artery hypoplasia. Multivariate analysis revealed that left vertebral artery hypoplasia showed an association with lower odds of achieving a good functional outcome 3 months after the stroke (OR = 0.4; 95% CI, 0.2-0.9; P = .027). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with cardioembolic stroke and left vertebral artery hypoplasia had posterior circulation stroke, basilar artery occlusion, and poor functional outcomes after 3 months.
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Arteriopatías Oclusivas , Fibrilación Atrial , Accidente Cerebrovascular Embólico , Accidente Cerebrovascular , Insuficiencia Vertebrobasilar , Humanos , Arteria Vertebral/diagnóstico por imagen , Accidente Cerebrovascular Embólico/complicaciones , Fibrilación Atrial/complicaciones , Fibrilación Atrial/diagnóstico por imagen , Aorta Torácica , Estudios Retrospectivos , Accidente Cerebrovascular/complicaciones , Accidente Cerebrovascular/diagnóstico por imagen , Arteriopatías Oclusivas/complicaciones , Insuficiencia Vertebrobasilar/complicaciones , Insuficiencia Vertebrobasilar/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
The nanoscale patterns produced by bombardment of the (100) surface of silicon with a 2 keV Kr ion beam are investigated both experimentally and theoretically. In our experiments, we find that the patterns observed at high ion fluences depend sensitively on the angle of incidence Θ. For Θ values between 74° and 85°, we observe five decidedly different kinds of morphologies, including triangular nanostructures traversed by parallel-mode ripples, long parallel ridges decorated by short-wavelength ripples, and a remarkable mesh-like morphology. In contrast, only parallel-mode ripples are present for low ion fluences except for Θ = 85°. Our simulations show that triangular nanostructures that closely resemble those in our experiments emerge if a linearly dispersive term and a conserved Kuramoto-Sivashinsky nonlinearity are appended to the usual equation of motion. We find ridges traversed by ripples, on the other hand, in simulations of the Harrison-Pearson-Bradley equation (Harrisonet al2017Phys. Rev.E96032804). For Θ = 85°, the solid surface is apparently stable and simulations of an anisotropic Edwards-Wilkinson equation yield surfaces similar to those seen in our experiments. Explaining the other two kinds of patterns we find in our experiments remains a challenge for future theoretical work.
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OBJECTIVES: Examine the acute effects (pre-, during, post-intervention) of two different intensities of aerobic exercise or rest on autonomic, oculomotor, and vestibular function and symptom burden in patients with a recent sport-related concussion (SRC) and compare their responses to sex-matched, age-stratified, non-concussed (HEALTHY) student-athletes. METHODS: Student-athletes between the ages of 13 and 18 that presented to the sports medicine clinic within Day 3-7 post-SRC and from local schools were recruited for a randomized controlled trial (RCT). The participants were administered the Vestibular/Ocular Motor Screening (VOMS), King-Devick (K-D), and Post-Concussion Symptom Scale (PCSS) before and after the intervention. Heart rate variability (HRV) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were collected before, during, and after the intervention. The intervention was either a single, 20-min session of treadmill walking at 40% (40HR) or 60% of age-predicted max heart rate (60HR), or seated, rest (NOEX). RESULTS: 30 participants completed the intervention with the SRC group treated 4.5 ± 1.3 days post-injury. Pre-exercise HRV and MAP were significantly different (p's < 0.001) during treatment but returned to pre-exercise values within 5 min of recovery in both the SRC and HEALTHY groups. Both the SRC and HEALTHY groups exhibited similar reductions pre- to post-intervention for symptom severity and count (p's < 0.05), three VOMS items (p's < 0.05) but not K-D time. CONCLUSIONS: To date, this is the first adolescent RCT to report the acute, systemic effects of aerobic exercise on recently concussed adolescent athletes. The interventions appeared safe in SRC participants, were well-tolerated, and provided brief therapeutic benefit. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier NCT03575455.
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Traumatismos en Atletas , Conmoción Encefálica , Adolescente , Atletas , Traumatismos en Atletas/terapia , Conmoción Encefálica/diagnóstico , Conmoción Encefálica/terapia , Ejercicio Físico , Humanos , EstudiantesRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Da Vinci® Single Port (dvSP) was recently developed. Its application in colorectal surgery is under investigation. The aim of this study was to explore the safety and feasibility of dvSP for intersphincteric (dvSP-ISR), right colectomy (dvSP-RC), and transverse colectomy (dvSP-TC). Surgical indication and short-term results were analyzed. METHODS: All consecutive patients from a prospective database of patients who underwent dvSP-ISR, dvSP-RC, and dvSP-TC at Korea University Anam Hospital from November 2020 to December 2021, were analyzed. Perioperative, pathological, and oncological short-term outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 7 dvSP-ISR, 5 dvSP-RC, and 1 dvSP-TC were performed. Median age was 56.0 (55.0-61.0) years for the dvSP-ISR and 54.0 (44.7-63.5) years for the dvSP-RC/TC. Median body mass index was 22.8 (17.1-24.8) kg/m2 for the dvSP-ISR and 23.6 (20.8-26.9) kg/m2 for the dvSP-RC/TC. All dvSP-ISR patients received neoadjuvant long-course chemoradiotherapy, including one patient with squamocellular carcinoma who was treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)/mitomycin. All other patients, excluding one dvSP-RC patient with Crohn's disease, had an adenocarcinoma. Median operation time was 280 (240-370) minutes for the dvSP-ISR and 220 (201-270) minutes for the dvSP-RC/TC. Estimated blood loss was insignificant. No intraoperative complications or conversions to multiport/open surgery was reported. Median post-operative stay was 7.0 (6.0-10.0) days for the dvSP-ISR and 5.0 (4.0-6.7) days for the dvSP-RC/TC. Quality of mesorectum was complete for six patients, and nearly complete for one. Median number of retrieved lymph nodes were 21 (17-25) for the dvSP-ISR and 28 (24-49) for the dvSP-RC/TC. Proximal and distal resection margins were tumor free. Four patients experienced post-operative complications not related to the platform which were: ileus, voiding dysfunction, infected pelvic hematoma, and wound infection. Median follow-up was 9 (6-11) months and 11 (7-17) months for the dvSP-ISR and dvSP-RC/TC, respectively. Two patients had systemic recurrence; all others were tumor free. CONCLUSIONS: The dvSP platform is safe and feasible for intersphincteric resection with right lower quadrant access, and right/transverse colectomy with suprapubic access. Further studies are needed to evaluate benefit differences compared to multiport robotic platform.
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Adenocarcinoma , Cirugía Colorrectal , Laparoscopía , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Robotizados , Robótica , Adenocarcinoma/cirugía , Colectomía/métodos , Humanos , Laparoscopía/métodos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Robotizados/efectos adversosRESUMEN
AIMS: For the effective production of 146S particles, which determines foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccine efficacy, we aimed to identify the optimal medium that is easy-to-use, productive and economically affordable for the large-scale production of FMD vaccine. METHODS AND RESULTS: Nine combinations of cell growth media and replacement media were tested for virus propagation. Apart from the replacement strategy, we tested a simple addition strategy involving the addition of 30% v/v of fresh medium to the total spent medium using the Cellvento BHK-200 (Vento). Unlike other tested media that produced poor yields of 146S particles when the spent media were not eliminated, Vento exhibited high productivity with the 30% addition strategy. CONCLUSIONS: Considering its lower price and media consumption compared to those of other media that require media replacement, the 30% addition strategy of Vento is highly effective. Furthermore, owing to its simple application strategy, it makes the scale-up process easy and helps in saving the time and labour involved in spent media removal. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Through the first comparative assessment of commercial media for the 146S particle recovery, this study suggests the best practical medium for the industrial-scale production of FMD vaccines.
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Virus de la Fiebre Aftosa , Fiebre Aftosa , Vacunas Virales , Animales , Antígenos Virales , Medios de Cultivo , Fiebre Aftosa/prevención & controlRESUMEN
@#Focal myositis is a rare disease defined by an isolated inflammatory pseudotumour usually restricted to one skeletal muscle. Approximately, 250 cases of focal myositis have been described in the literature, and two recent large cohorts have been used to help in the diagnosis. Isolated gastrocnemius myositis, a rare immune-mediated condition, is a diagnostic entity used by internal medicine clinician in the gastrocnemius myalgia syndrome associated with Crohn’s disease (CD). However, focal myositis and isolated gastrocnemius myositis with Crohn's disease share clinical, haematological, pathological, and radiological similarities. We present a case of unilateral focal myositis of the gastrocnemius muscle in a patient with no underlying diseases, including Crohn’s disease. At clinical evaluation, we encountered a challenge in differentiating between focal myositis and the isolated gastrocnemius myositis of Crohn’s due to similarities in clinical manifestation. We attempt to clarify focal myositis and isolated gastrocnemius myositis through our case report and a review of literature.
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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The patterns of head-shaking nystagmus (HSN) aid in differentiation between central and peripheral vestibular disorders, and perverted HSN (pHSN) has been considered a central sign. The aim was to determine the characteristics of HSN in a large number of patients with either peripheral or central vestibular disorders in a dizziness clinic of a university hospital. METHODS: The medical records of 7544 dizzy patients were reviewed during a year and 822 patients with a clinical diagnosis of vestibular disorders were recruited. The findings of spontaneous nystagmus (SN) and HSN in these patients were compared with those of healthy controls (n = 48). RESULTS: A total of 217 of the 822 patients (26.4%) were classified as having a central vestibular disorder, whilst 397 (48.3%) had a peripheral vestibular disorder. In the peripheral vestibular disorder group, SN was observed in 14.1% and HSN in 40.8%, amongst whom 24.1% were the pHSN form. In the central group, SN was observed in 17.5% and HSN in 24.0% of whom 57.7% was pHSN. HSN was more frequently observed in the peripheral vestibular disorder group than in the central group (40.8% vs. 24.0%, P < 0.01). However, the proportion of pHSN was significantly increased in the central group compared to the peripheral vestibular patient group (57.7% vs. 24.1%, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Since pHSN is not specific for central vestibular disorders, other clinical features should be considered in pursuing a central lesion in patients with pHSN.
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Nistagmo Patológico , Enfermedades Vestibulares , Movimientos de la Cabeza , Humanos , Nistagmo Patológico/diagnóstico , Vértigo , Enfermedades Vestibulares/complicaciones , Enfermedades Vestibulares/diagnóstico , Pruebas de Función VestibularRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: High uric acid (UA) levels have been shown to exert a neuroprotective effect in Parkinson's disease (PD) by inhibiting oxidative stress in the nigrostriatal pathway. However, the association between striatal dopamine activity and UA level has not been clarified. METHODS: A total of 213 patients with early PD were enrolled. All patients underwent positron emission tomography using 18 F-N-(3-fluoropropyl)-2beta-carbon ethoxy-3beta-(4-iodophenyl) nortropane and a venous blood test for quantification of serum UA. All patients were stratified into either the lower UA group or the higher UA group using the median UA level. After normalizing the positron emission tomography images, differences in the regional standardized uptake value ratios (SUVRs) were analyzed with a volume-of-interest template. All tested SUVRs were also compared after categorizing patients by gender. RESULTS: The UA affected dopamine transporter SUVRs in different ways by gender. In female patients, the higher UA level group showed a smaller reduction in dopamine transporter uptake in the posterior putamen, whereas there was no such association observed in male patients. CONCLUSIONS: Higher UA levels were correlated with higher dopamine transporter uptake in the putamen in female patients with early PD. This finding suggests that UA has a neuroprotective effect, as demonstrated by the relatively preserved striatal dopamine activity in women.
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Cuerpo Estriado/metabolismo , Dopamina/metabolismo , Enfermedad de Parkinson/metabolismo , Ácido Úrico/metabolismo , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Cuerpo Estriado/diagnóstico por imagen , Proteínas de Transporte de Dopamina a través de la Membrana Plasmática/metabolismo , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Fármacos Neuroprotectores , Enfermedad de Parkinson/diagnóstico por imagen , Tomografía de Emisión de Positrones , Putamen/metabolismo , Caracteres Sexuales , Ácido Úrico/sangreRESUMEN
AIMS: Given the extreme toxicity of some of the toxins of toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems, we were curious how the cell silences toxins, if the antitoxin is inactivated or independent toxins are obtained via horizontal gene transfer. METHODS AND RESULTS: Growth curves of Escherichia coli K12 BW25113 harbouring plasmid pCA24N to produce RalR, MqsR, GhoT or Hha toxins, showed toxin inactivation after 3 h. Sequencing plasmids from these cultures revealed toxin inactivation occurred primarily due to consistent deletions in the promoter. The lack of mutation in the structural genes was corroborated by a bioinformatics analysis of 1000 E. coli genomes which showed both conservation and little variability in the four toxin genes. For those strains that lacked a mutation in the plasmid, single nucleotide polymorphism analysis was performed to identify that chromosomal mutations iraM and mhpR inactivate the toxins GhoT and MqsR/GhoT respectively. CONCLUSION: We find that the RalR (type I), MqsR (type II), GhoT (type V) and Hha (type VII) toxins are inactivated primarily by a mutation that inactivates the toxin promoter or via the chromosomal mutations iraM and mhpR. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This study demonstrates toxins of TA systems may be inactivated by mutations that primarily affect the toxin gene promoter instead of the toxin structural gene.
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Toxinas Bacterianas/genética , Toxinas Bacterianas/metabolismo , Mutación/genética , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas/genética , Sistemas Toxina-Antitoxina/genética , Cromosomas Bacterianos/genética , Escherichia coli/genética , Escherichia coli/crecimiento & desarrollo , Escherichia coli/fisiología , Proteínas de Escherichia coli/genética , Plásmidos/genéticaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To investigate the submandibular soft tissue changes related to the hard tissue changes after mandibular set-back surgery in skeletal Class III patients. METHODS: The subjects were adults with skeletal Class III malocclusion who underwent orthognathic surgery including mandibular set-back between June 2007 and January 2011 at Kyung Hee University Dental Hospital at Gandong. Standardized lateral cephalograms that were taken before and 6 to 12 months after surgery were collected. Sixty samples were selected. Each lateral cephalograms was traced and lines, angles and areas associated with submandibular soft tissues were measured and analyzed statistically. RESULTS: Anteroposterior submandibular soft tissue length was reduced with reduction of mandibular body length. FH to mandibular plane angle was decreased and FH to submandibular line angle was increased. A gender difference was found in soft tissue changes. Males showed altered vertical soft tissue thickness and submandibular tissue area reduction after surgery. Several hard tissue changes were correlated with soft tissue changes and through multiple regression models with stepwise selection method, several regression equation models to predict soft tissue changes related to hard tissue changes were made. CONCLUSION: After orthognathic surgery including mandibular set-back, the submandibular soft tissue profile changes. Equations to predict submandibular soft tissue changes after mandibular set-back surgery were developed.
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Maxilar , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Ortognáticos , Adulto , Cefalometría , Cara , Humanos , Masculino , MandíbulaRESUMEN
Bioethanol fermentation is continuously exposed to contamination by Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB). In this study, the effect of adding nisin (250 mg l-1 ) to the acid wash on the viability of five bacterial contaminants were evaluated both alone and in co-incubation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Additionally, fed-batch fermentation was performed using an acid or acid/nisin wash for S. cerevisiae alone and cocultured with the LAB strains. Parameters such as ethanol production, sugar consumption and lactic acid production were monitored. Four model LAB were more susceptible to the acid/nisin wash than the acid wash, and were most susceptible when incubated with yeast. A fifth model LAB was very sensitive to both treatments regardless of the presence of yeast. The addition of nisin to the acid wash lowered the required time for adequate washing and resulted in a higher ethanol production (54·5 ± 0·1 g l-1 ) than the acid wash alone (52·6 ± 0·1 g l-1 ) in a subsequent fermentation. These results indicate the potential benefits of supplementing with nisin to improve the acid wash step of bioethanol fermentations. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Acid washing by the bioethanol fermentation industry reduces yeast efficiency and selects for contaminant bacteria that are resistant to acid treatments. This study demonstrates that the incorporation of nisin into the acid wash step results in a more potent removal of lactic acid bacteria while significantly shortening the length of time needed for the acid wash.
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Antibacterianos/farmacología , Etanol/metabolismo , Ácido Láctico/metabolismo , Lactobacillus/metabolismo , Nisina/farmacología , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismo , Saccharum/metabolismo , Técnicas de Cocultivo , Fermentación , Lactobacillus/efectos de los fármacos , Lactobacillus/crecimiento & desarrollo , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/crecimiento & desarrolloRESUMEN
AIM: To assess whether multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could detect neuroanatomical substrates that are distinctive to hyposmic Parkinson's disease (PD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Among 102 PD patients, 62 were hyposmic and 40 were normosmic. For each patient, a sagittal structural three-dimensional (3D) T1-weighted image was obtained with the magnetisation-prepared rapid acquisition of the gradient-echo sequence to generate subcortical grey matter masking templates and to perform a voxel-based morphometry analysis of the subcortical grey matter volumes. A 3D multi-echo gradient sequence was run to obtain axial magnitude and phase images to produce a quantitative susceptibility map (QSM), and a diffusion-weighted image was acquired to generate an apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map. The volumes and average QSM and ADC values of the 15 subcortical grey matter structures were calculated, and the group differences were evaluated using a one-way analysis of covariance with age and gender as covariates. RESULTS: The QSM of the left thalamus significantly increased, while that of the right thalamus significantly decreased in hyposmia. No effects on the cortical volume changes were found other than aging. CONCLUSION: The present results suggest that accumulation of disease-related substances in the left and right thalamus and the increasing asymmetry between the two sides are associated with hyposmia in PD.
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Mapeo Encefálico/métodos , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Evaluación Geriátrica/métodos , Imagenología Tridimensional/métodos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Enfermedad de Parkinson/diagnóstico por imagen , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
AIM: We aimed to isolate and propagate internal and external anal sphincter progenitor cells from the human anal sphincter, with or without radiotherapy, for tailored cell therapy of faecal incontinence. METHODS: Sphincter progenitor cells were isolated from normal internal and external anal sphincters collected from 10 patients with rectal cancer who had undergone abdominoperineal resection with (n = 6) or without (n = 4) preoperative chemoradiotherapy. The isolated cells and differentiated muscle fibres were identified using immunofluorescence assay, western blotting and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The proliferation of progenitor cells with and without radiotherapy was compared by quantitative 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. RESULTS: The immunofluorescence assay before differentiation confirmed that the internal anal sphincter progenitor cells expressed CD34 and neural-glial antigen 2 (NG2), whereas the external anal sphincter progenitor cells expressed CD34 and PAX7. After differentiation, the internal anal sphincter progenitor cells expressed desmin, calponin and α-smooth muscle actin, whereas the external anal sphincter progenitor cells expressed desmin, myogenic factor 4 and myosin heavy chain. The differential expression profiles of both cell types were confirmed by western blotting and RT-PCR. MTT assays showed that the viability of internal and external anal sphincter progenitor cells was significantly lower in the radiotherapy group than that in the nonradiotherapy group. CONCLUSIONS: This study describes the differential harvest internal and external sphincter muscle progenitor cells from human anal sphincters. We confirm that radiotherapy decreases the viability of internal and external anal sphincter progenitor cells.
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Canal Anal/citología , Proliferación Celular , Supervivencia Celular , Quimioradioterapia , Fibras Musculares Esqueléticas/citología , Miocitos del Músculo Liso/citología , Neoplasias del Recto/terapia , Células Madre/citología , Actinas/metabolismo , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Canal Anal/metabolismo , Antígenos/metabolismo , Antígenos CD34/metabolismo , Proteínas de Unión al Calcio/metabolismo , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Tratamiento Basado en Trasplante de Células y Tejidos , Desmina/metabolismo , Incontinencia Fecal/terapia , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Proteínas de Microfilamentos/metabolismo , Persona de Mediana Edad , Fibras Musculares Esqueléticas/metabolismo , Miocitos del Músculo Liso/metabolismo , Miogenina/metabolismo , Cadenas Pesadas de Miosina/metabolismo , Terapia Neoadyuvante , Factor de Transcripción PAX7/metabolismo , Proctectomía , Proteoglicanos/metabolismo , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa , Células Madre/metabolismo , CalponinasRESUMEN
Recent studies demonstrated that modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (TICI) 3 reperfusion have better functional outcomes than modified TICI 2b after mechanical thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke with large vessel occlusion. The purpose of this study was to determine significant factors to forecast the presence of complete reperfusion after mechanical thrombectomy based on multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We investigated 96 consecutive patients with acute large intracranial artery occlusion of anterior circulation who based on multimodal MRI. Also, we compared clinical and radiologic parameters between patients with modified TICI 3 and those with modified TICI 0-2b. Among 96 eligible subjects received mechanical thrombectomy, 39 patients (40.6%) showed complete reperfusion and 57 partial or nonreperfusion (mTICI 2b-26, mTICI 2a-9, mTICI 1-8, and mTICI 0-14) after mechanical thrombectomy. Patients with mTICI 3 had significantly smaller initial Diffusion weighted images (DWI) lesion volume (P < .01) and much shorter time interval from onset to reperfusion (P < .01) than those patients with mTICI (0-2b). In multivariate analysis, smaller initial DWI volume (odds ratio [OR], 1.78; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23-2.57; P < .01) and faster reperfusion time (OR, 1.07; 95% CI 1.01-1.14; P = .015) had an independence significance for complete reperfusion after mechanical thrombectomy. In this study, the ischemic lesion volume on DWI and faster processing time are critical factor to predict the state of complete reperfusion after mechanical thrombectomy.
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Infarto Encefálico/cirugía , Circulación Cerebrovascular , Imagen de Difusión por Resonancia Magnética , Trombosis Intracraneal/cirugía , Tempo Operativo , Trombectomía/métodos , Anciano , Infarto Encefálico/diagnóstico por imagen , Infarto Encefálico/fisiopatología , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Femenino , Humanos , Trombosis Intracraneal/diagnóstico , Trombosis Intracraneal/fisiopatología , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis Multivariante , Oportunidad Relativa , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Recuperación de la Función , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Trombectomía/efectos adversos , Trombectomía/instrumentación , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Graphene can acquire salient properties by the intercalated nano structures, and to functionalize the graphene as designed, understanding the growth kinetics of the nano structures is a prerequisite. In that regards, Kr atoms are selectively intercalated just below the surface graphene of C(0001) by the incidence of low energy Kr ions. The growth kinetics of the encapsulated Kr nano structures is investigated by both scanning tunneling microscopy and molecular dynamics simulations. The intercalation proceeds via defect sites, such as surface vacancies. At room temperature, the thermal diffusion of intercalated Kr is almost frustrated by the strain field of the encapsulating graphene layers, and the growth of Kr nano structures proceeds via the transient mobility of both the intercalating Kr atoms and previously intercalated Kr atoms that are mobilized by collision with the incident Kr ions. At the elevated temperatures where thermal diffusion becomes effective, some Kr nano structures disappear, releasing pressurized Kr atoms, while others coalesce to form blisters via the delamination of the adjacent graphene. Some of the larger blisters explode to leave craters of varying depths at the surface. In contrast to growth on the substrate, the growth of each encapsulated nano structure depends significantly on extrinsic variables, such as surface vacancies and local topography around the nano structure, that affect the Kr diffusion and limit the maximal Kr pressure.
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Nanopatterning at solid surfaces by ion beam sputtering (IBS) has been practiced mostly for stationary substrates with an ion beam incident under a fixed sputter geometry. We have released such constraints in the sputter condition. We simultaneously apply two ion beams or sequentially vary the orientation of substrate with respect to an ion beam. We also periodically change either the azimuthal or polar angle of the substrate with respect to an ion beam during IBS. These unconventional ways of IBS can improve the order of the pattern, and produce novel and non trivial nano patterns that well serve as touch stones to refine the theoretical models and thus deepen our understanding of the patterning mechanisms by IBS.
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Hypertension is the most common comorbidity among cancer survivors, although there is no model for predicting hypertension in this population. Therefore, we developed a model for predicting hypertension using data from 6,480 Korean cancer survivors who were ≥20 years old. The odds ratios (ORs) for hypertension were calculated using stepwise logistic regression analyses, and a nomogram was generated to predict hypertension. Hypertension was independently associated with an age of ≥65 years (OR: 3.058), male gender (OR: 1.195), obesity (OR: 1.998), prehypertension (OR: 2.06), dyslipidaemia (OR: 2.011) and diabetes mellitus (OR: 2.297). Each variable in the nomogram was assigned a specific number of points, and the total score (range: 0-400) was used to obtain a value for predicting hypertension. The estimated prevalence of hypertension increased when the total nomogram score exceeded the sixth decile (total points: 128; p for trend <.001). Therefore, among Korean cancer survivors, hypertension was significantly associated with an age of >65 years, male gender, obesity, and having various comorbidities (e.g., prehypertension, dyslipidaemia and diabetes mellitus). Furthermore, our nomogram could predict the incidence of hypertension, and the sixth decile of the total nomogram score predicted an increased risk of hypertension.
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Supervivientes de Cáncer , Hipertensión/epidemiología , Neoplasias/complicaciones , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Nomogramas , Oportunidad Relativa , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Prevalencia , República de Corea/epidemiología , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
While prognosis for breast cancer in women has improved, adverse side effects of treatments may negatively affect body composition and bone mineral density (BMD). This study assessed body composition and BMD changes in breast cancer survivors (BCS) (n = 10, 57.9 ± 5.7 years) and age-matched women (non-cancer, n = 10, 56.5 ± 4.3 years) over a 12- to 15-month period via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. No differences were observed between groups at baseline except forearm BMD values were lower in BCS (BCS: 0.462 ± 0.070 g/cm2 ; Control: 0.539 ± 0.052 g/cm2 , p = .012). Body fat increased in both groups compared to baseline (BCS: 38.3-39.6 kg, p = .013; Control: 38.2-39.5 kg, p = .023) at the follow-up. Significant decreases in BMD at the lumbar spine, femoral neck, total femur and ulna were observed in both groups. Breast cancer survivors had a greater decrease in left femoral neck BMD. While BCS demonstrated lower baseline forearm BMD values and a greater decrease in left femoral neck BMD, both groups showed an increase in body fat and decrease in forearm BMD. These findings support the implementation of interventions to improve body composition and BMD in both BCS and women without cancer.