RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Parity has been suggested as a possible factor affecting bone health in women. However, study results on its association with bone mineral density are conflicting. METHODS: PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and Korean online databases were searched using the terms "parity" and "bone mineral density", in May 2016. Two independent reviewers extracted the mean and standard deviation of bone mineral density measurements of the femoral neck, spine, and total hip in nulliparous and parous healthy women. RESULTS: Among the initial 10,146 studies, 10 articles comprising 24,771 women met the inclusion criteria. The overall effect of parity on bone mineral density was positive (mean difference=5.97mg/cm2; 95% CI 2.37 to 9.57; P=0.001). The effect appears site-specific as parity was not significantly associated with the bone mineral density of the femoral neck (P=0.09) and lumbar spine (P=0.17), but parous women had significantly higher bone mineral density of the total hip compared to nulliparous women (mean difference=5.98mg/cm2; 95% CI 1.72 to 10.24; P=0.006). No obvious heterogeneity existed among the included studies (femoral neck I2=0%; spine I2=31%; total hip I2=0%). CONCLUSION: Parity has a positive effect on bone in healthy, community-dwelling women and its effect appears site-specific.
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Densidad Ósea/fisiología , Paridad/fisiología , Animales , Femenino , Cuello Femoral/metabolismo , Cuello Femoral/fisiología , Humanos , Vértebras Lumbares/metabolismo , Vértebras Lumbares/fisiología , Huesos Pélvicos/metabolismo , Huesos Pélvicos/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Prevalence of asymptomatic norovirus infection was investigated in food handlers in South Korea. Among 6,441 subjects, 66 (1.02%) had norovirus infections confirmed by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR (real time and nested). GII-12 and GII-4 were the prevalent genotypes. Our data suggest that infection of asymptomatic food handlers is an important transmission source in norovirus outbreaks.
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Infecciones por Caliciviridae/epidemiología , Manipulación de Alimentos , Norovirus/genética , Infecciones por Caliciviridae/transmisión , Proteínas de la Cápside/genética , Brotes de Enfermedades , Genotipo , Humanos , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Norovirus/clasificación , Filogenia , Prevalencia , República de Corea/epidemiología , Estaciones del AñoRESUMEN
To explore the nature of past-life memories in hypnosis, 64 normal male adults aged 21 to 23 were selected using the Korean version of the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility (HGSHS:K) and a simple belief in past-life scale. They all received hypnotic past-life regression 3 times. The influence of HGSHS:K scores on the production rate of past-life memories was statistically significant; however, the influence of belief was not. The percentage of subjects who responded to hypnotic past-life regression increased with hypnotizability. Content analysis showed that cultural background and religious concepts influenced past-life memory production. Animals as past-life identities, for example, were reported whereas all past-life identities were human in a Canadian study.
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Budismo , Hipnosis/métodos , Recuerdo Mental , Parapsicología , Regresión Psicológica , Religión y Psicología , Cultura , Humanos , Corea (Geográfico) , Masculino , Inventario de Personalidad , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
The Korean Version of the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility, Form A (HGSHS:K) was adapted and studied in order to determine Korean norms. In total, 271 subjects (175 males and 96 females) participated in the study. Comparisons are made between the Korean samples and previously published international samples. The normative data from the Korean sample on the HGSHS:K are generally congruent, including means and standard deviations, with data from international reference samples. However, the pass rate on the hallucination item on the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility, Form A, was significantly different from that of the American sample. Females showed higher overall scores than males.