RESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To review the 3-year follow-up results of subthreshold micropulse yellow laser (SMYL) delivered by a short-duration multiple-session method for treatment of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). METHODS: A total of 27 eyes from 27 patients with chronic CSC available for 3 years of follow-up were enrolled in this retrospective and interventional study. Patients were treated with 577-nm SMYL photocoagulation at a 15% duty cycle over multiple sessions, with low power ranging from 200 to 400 mW that was increased in 100 mW increments according to resolution of subretinal fluid at monthly follow-up. Laser titration was not performed. A treatment duration of 20 ms rather than the conventional duration (100-300 ms) was applied over the area of retinal pigment epithelium leakage and all areas of serous retinal detachment, including the fovea. RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 3.7 ± 0.8 years (range, 3-6 years). A total of 22 out of 27 eyes (81.5%) including six cases of recurrence during the follow-up period exhibited complete resolution of subretinal detachment at final follow-up, whereas only five eyes (15.5%) had either a partial or null response to SMYL treatment. The baseline best-corrected visual acuity was 0.26 ± 0.24 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR), which was improved to 0.08 ± 0.15 logMAR at 1-year (p = 0.005) and 3-year (p = 0.01) follow-up. The central macular thickness at baseline was 389.6 ± 103.4 µm, which was changed to 197.2 ± 40.0 µm (p < 0.001) at 1-year follow-up, 196.4 ± 40.2 µm (p < 0.001) at 3-year follow-up. CONCLUSION: Short-duration multiple-session SMYL therapy may be effective for long-term treatment of chronic CSC.
Asunto(s)
Coriorretinopatía Serosa Central/cirugía , Coagulación con Láser/métodos , Adulto , Coriorretinopatía Serosa Central/fisiopatología , Enfermedad Crónica , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Láseres de Semiconductores , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Líquido Subretiniano , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del Tratamiento , Agudeza Visual/fisiologíaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To investigate the short-term efficacy of subthreshold micropulse yellow laser photocoagulation in the treatment of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). METHODS: A retrospective case series study was performed from April 2012 to June 2014 at Nune Eye Hospital. A total of ten eyes of ten chronic or chronic recurrent CSC patients received subthreshold micropulse yellow laser photocoagulation with a 15 % duty cycle at a reduced energy level from the micropulse laser test burn. Laser exposure time was 20 ms, and the spot diameter was 100 µm. Patients were followed up at the authors' hospital for at least 3 months. RESULTS: Mean age of patients was 43.9 years. The baseline best-corrected visual acuity was 0.21 ± 0.21 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR), which was improved to 0.055 ± 0.093 logMAR (p = 0.020) at the 3-month follow-up and 0.035 ± 0.063 logMAR (p = 0.012) at final follow-up. Central macular thickness at baseline was 349.2 ± 53.2 µm, which was changed to 250.7 ± 28.8 µm (p = 0.009) at the 3-month follow-up and 261.2 ± 38.31 µm (p = 0.009) at final follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Subthreshold micropulse yellow laser photocoagulation showed short-term efficacy in treating chronic CSC without retinal damage. However, prospective, randomized, and comparative large-scale studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this treatment.
Asunto(s)
Coriorretinopatía Serosa Central/cirugía , Coagulación con Láser/métodos , Láseres de Semiconductores/uso terapéutico , Adulto , Coriorretinopatía Serosa Central/diagnóstico , Coriorretinopatía Serosa Central/fisiopatología , Enfermedad Crónica , Angiografía con Fluoresceína , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Recurrencia , Estudios Retrospectivos , Tomografía de Coherencia Óptica , Resultado del Tratamiento , Agudeza Visual/fisiologíaRESUMEN
AIM: To evaluate the effects and stability of AcrySof toric intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in patients who had combined microincision vitrectomy surgery (MIVS) and phacoemulsification for vitreoretinal diseases and cataract with corneal astigmatism. METHODS: A retrospective comparative study with 20 patients (20 eyes) who had combined 23-gauge MIVS and phacoemulsification with regular corneal astigmatism (>1.00 dioptres) was done. 10 eyes had toric IOL and 10 eyes had non-toric IOL implantation. The main outcome measures were uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), refractive cylinder and toric IOL axis rotation at postoperative months 1, 6, 12, 18 and 24. RESULTS: The mean UCVA of toric IOL was better than non-toric IOL at each postoperative period (p=0.019, 0.001, 0.007, 0.004 and 0.001, respectively). The mean absolute residual refractive cylinder of toric IOL was less than non-toric IOL at each postoperative period (p=0.001, <0.001, <0.001, <0.001 and <0.001, respectively). At month 24, the mean toric IOL axis rotation was 3.3 ± 2.1°, which was within 5° in 80% and within 10° in 100%. CONCLUSIONS: Toric IOL implantation could be an effective method of correcting corneal astigmatism in patients who have vitreoretinal diseases and cataract. The toric IOL showed good rotational stability, even in vitrectomised eyes for 24 months.
Asunto(s)
Implantación de Lentes Intraoculares , Lentes Intraoculares , Microcirugia/métodos , Facoemulsificación/métodos , Vitrectomía/métodos , Resinas Acrílicas , Anciano , Astigmatismo/fisiopatología , Catarata/complicaciones , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Enfermedades de la Retina/complicaciones , Estudios Retrospectivos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Agudeza Visual/fisiologíaRESUMEN
A 32-year-old male who had infective endocarditis complained of photophobia and blurred vision in both eyes. Biomicroscopic examination and fundus examination revealed anterior chamber reaction, vitritis, optic disc swelling, and Roth spots. He was diagnosed with bilateral nongranulomatous uveitis and treated with topical steroid eye drops and posterior sub-Tenon injection of triamcinolone. His visual symptoms were resolved within 1 week, and inflammation resolved within 4 weeks after treatment.
Asunto(s)
Endocarditis Bacteriana/complicaciones , Uveítis/complicaciones , Adulto , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Ecocardiografía Transesofágica , Endocarditis Bacteriana/diagnóstico , Angiografía con Fluoresceína , Fondo de Ojo , Glucocorticoides/administración & dosificación , Humanos , Presión Intraocular , Inyecciones Intravítreas , Masculino , Triamcinolona Acetonida/administración & dosificación , Uveítis/diagnóstico , Uveítis/tratamiento farmacológico , Agudeza VisualRESUMEN
A 56-year-old Korean woman presented with decreased visual acuity of the right eye. She had a history of two photodynamic therapy treatments for choroidal neovascularization (CNV) due to angioid streaks in her left eye with central scarring and low visual acuity. She was diagnosed with subfoveal CNV due to angioid streaks in her right eye and treated with six intravitreal bevacizumab (1.25 mg / 0.05 mL) injections over one year. Best corrected visual acuity improved from 20 / 125 at baseline to 20 / 50 at the final visit. The area of CNV had changed into a fibrotic scar by the final visit, and fluorescein angiography and indocyanine green angiography revealed no evidence of leakage. Optical coherence tomography showed that central macular thickness decreased from 311 µm at baseline to 203 µm with complete resolution of subretinal and intraretinal fluid at the final visit. Intravitreal bevacizumab for CNV associated with angioid streaks prevented the progression of disease and resulted in the improvement of visual acuity after one year of follow-up in our patient.
Asunto(s)
Inhibidores de la Angiogénesis/administración & dosificación , Estrías Angioides/complicaciones , Anticuerpos Monoclonales/administración & dosificación , Neovascularización Coroidal/tratamiento farmacológico , Neovascularización Coroidal/etiología , Anticuerpos Monoclonales Humanizados , Bevacizumab , Neovascularización Coroidal/fisiopatología , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Inyecciones Intravítreas , Mácula Lútea/efectos de los fármacos , Mácula Lútea/patología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Tomografía de Coherencia Óptica , Agudeza Visual/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To compare the prophylactic effects of intravenous moxifloxacin and vancomycin for Staphylococcus epidermidis endophthalmitis in a rabbit model. METHODS: Albino rabbits (n = 60) were divided into three groups. Intravenous moxifloxacin was injected into 20 animals (group 1), and intravenous vancomycin was injected into 20 animals (group 2). In group 3, 20 animals received 0.9% normal saline. After these prophylactic intravenous injections, the right eyes of the 60 rabbits were injected intravitreally with 10(5) colony-forming units of S. epidermidis. Intravenous antibiotic injection was repeated on days 1, 2, and 3 after infection. Clinical features were evaluated on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 after infection, and 10 eyes per group were then enucleated for histopathologic examination. Vitreous aspirates were obtained for bacterial culture on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 after infection from the other 10 eyes per group. RESULTS: The moxifloxacin group showed significant clinical effects at days 1, 3, 5, and 7 (P = 0.019, < 0.001, < 0.001, and < 0.001, respectively); bacteriologic results at days 1, 3, 5, and 7 (P = 0.001, 0.002, 0.01, and 0.002, respectively); and histopathologic results, with less severe inflammation and relatively well-preserved retinal architecture. However, no difference was detected between the vancomycin group and control group in any aspect examined. CONCLUSIONS: Intravenously administered moxifloxacin showed a significant prophylactic effect against S. epidermidis endophthalmitis. Thus, intravenous moxifloxacin may be a useful prophylactic medication against postoperative endophthalmitis.
Asunto(s)
Antiinfecciosos/uso terapéutico , Profilaxis Antibiótica , Compuestos Aza/uso terapéutico , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Endoftalmitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones Bacterianas del Ojo/tratamiento farmacológico , Quinolinas/uso terapéutico , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Animales , Antiinfecciosos/administración & dosificación , Compuestos Aza/administración & dosificación , Recuento de Colonia Microbiana , Endoftalmitis/microbiología , Infecciones Bacterianas del Ojo/microbiología , Fluoroquinolonas , Inyecciones Intravenosas , Moxifloxacino , Quinolinas/administración & dosificación , Conejos , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/microbiología , Staphylococcus epidermidis/aislamiento & purificación , Staphylococcus epidermidis/patogenicidad , Vancomicina/administración & dosificación , Vancomicina/uso terapéuticoAsunto(s)
Calcinosis/etiología , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicaciones , Retinopatía Diabética/complicaciones , Lentes Intraoculares , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Implantación de Lentes Intraoculares/métodos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Facoemulsificación , Agudeza Visual/fisiologíaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes and complications between 23-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy and 20-gauge vitrectomy in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. METHODS: This is a retrospective comparative study comprising 101 eyes from 90 consecutive patients who had diabetic vitrectomy due to nonclearing vitreous hemorrhage. Thirty-five eyes underwent 23-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy, and 66 eyes underwent 20-gauge vitrectomy. Main outcome measures were best-corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, and incidence of intraoperative and postoperative complications with at least 6 months of follow-up. RESULTS: Best-corrected visual acuity of both groups at postoperative months 1, 3, and 6 significantly improved from the preoperative best-corrected visual acuity (P < 0.0001, respectively). There was no difference for best-corrected visual acuity between the 2 groups at each follow-up period (P > 0.05, respectively). Intraocular pressure of the 23-gauge group at postoperative Day 1 and Week 1 was less than the preoperative intraocular pressure (P < 0.0001 and 0.017). Operating time of the 23-gauge group was shorter than the 20-gauge group (P < 0.0001). There was no difference in the incidence of intraoperative and postoperative complications except transient postoperative hypotony, which occurred in 8 eyes (22.9%) from the 23-gauge group (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Twenty three-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy appears to be as effective for proliferative diabetic retinopathy as 20-gauge vitrectomy.
Asunto(s)
Retinopatía Diabética/cirugía , Microcirugia/métodos , Vitrectomía/métodos , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Incidencia , Presión Intraocular/fisiología , Complicaciones Intraoperatorias , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Complicaciones Posoperatorias , Estudios Retrospectivos , Esclerostomía/métodos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Agudeza Visual/fisiologíaAsunto(s)
Neoplasias de la Conjuntiva/etiología , Nevo Pigmentado/etiología , Esclerótica/patología , Esclerostomía , Técnicas de Sutura , Vitrectomía/efectos adversos , Conjuntiva , Neoplasias de la Conjuntiva/patología , Neoplasias de la Conjuntiva/cirugía , Femenino , Humanos , Microcirugia , Persona de Mediana Edad , Nevo Pigmentado/patología , Nevo Pigmentado/cirugía , Facoemulsificación , Esclerótica/cirugíaAsunto(s)
Agammaglobulinemia/complicaciones , Retinitis por Citomegalovirus/etiología , Neuritis Óptica/etiología , Timoma/complicaciones , Neoplasias del Timo/complicaciones , Agammaglobulinemia/diagnóstico , Antivirales/uso terapéutico , Retinitis por Citomegalovirus/diagnóstico , Retinitis por Citomegalovirus/tratamiento farmacológico , Lateralidad Funcional , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neuritis Óptica/diagnóstico , Neuritis Óptica/tratamiento farmacológico , Síndrome , Tomografía de Coherencia Óptica , Agudeza Visual/fisiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: To study the clinical outcome and complications of intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) versus triamcinolone acetonide (IVT) injections at the end of vitrectomy in patients with diabetic vitreous hemorrhage. METHODS: This is a retrospective comparative case study comprised of 156 eyes from 139 consecutive patients who underwent pars plana vitrectomy for diabetic vitreous hemorrhage (VH) with or without tractional retinal detachment (TRD). IVB (1.25 mg/0.05 ml) injection was done for 66 eyes (60 patients) and IVT (4 mg/0.1 ml) injection for 33 eyes (31 patients) at the end of vitrectomy, and no injection was done for 57 eyes (48 patients). Main outcome measures were best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), and incidence of postoperative VH and reoperation with at least 12 months of follow-up. RESULTS: Early postoperative VH within 1 month postoperatively occurred in eight eyes (12.1%) from the IVB group, three eyes (9.1%) from the IVT group, and 21 eyes (36.8%) from the control group. The rate of early postoperative VH was significantly lower in the IVB and IVT group than the control group (p = 0.002 and 0.006, respectively). Late postoperative VH after 1 month postoperatively occurred in 11 eyes (16.7%) from the IVB group, three eyes (9.1%) from the IVT group, and 12 eyes (21.1%) from the control group. There was no difference between the three groups (P = 0.341). BCVA of the IVB, IVT, and control group at postoperative months 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 significantly improved from the preoperative BCVA (p < 0.01, respectively). There was no difference for BCVA between the three groups at each follow-up period (p > 0.05). In only the IVT group, IOP at postoperative day 1 was higher than IOP preoperatively (p = 0.002). There was no significant difference in the rate of reoperation between the three groups (p = 0.275). CONCLUSION: IVB and IVT injection at the end of diabetic vitrectomy is a useful adjunctive therapy for reducing early postoperative VH compared to the control group. IVB injection does not have a risk of a temporary rise of IOP, which the IVT group has.
Asunto(s)
Inhibidores de la Angiogénesis/administración & dosificación , Retinopatía Diabética/cirugía , Glucocorticoides/administración & dosificación , Vitrectomía , Hemorragia Vítrea/prevención & control , Hemorragia Vítrea/cirugía , Adulto , Anciano , Anticuerpos Monoclonales/administración & dosificación , Anticuerpos Monoclonales Humanizados , Bevacizumab , Femenino , Humanos , Inyecciones , Presión Intraocular/fisiología , Complicaciones Intraoperatorias , Implantación de Lentes Intraoculares , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Facoemulsificación , Complicaciones Posoperatorias , Estudios Retrospectivos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Triamcinolona Acetonida/administración & dosificación , Agudeza Visual/fisiología , Cuerpo VítreoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To evaluate the corneal toxicity of intracameral bevacizumab in rabbit eyes and also the effects of intracameral bevacizumab in neovascular glaucoma patients combined with Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Intracameral bevacizumab (1.25 mg/0.05 mL) was injected into 5 eyes of 5 New Zealand white rabbits. A balanced salt solution (0.05 mL) was injected intracamerally in another 5 rabbits as a control. The corneal thickness, endothelial cell counts, and intraocular pressure were measured before and at 1, 2, and 4 weeks after the intracameral injection of bevacizumab and a balanced salt solution. Scanning electron microscopic examinations were performed at 1 and 4 weeks after injection. In the clinical cases, 6 patients who received an intracameral injection of bevacizumab (1.25 mg) and Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation were enrolled. The visual acuity, intraocular pressure, and regression of iris rubeosis by iris fluorescein angiography were recorded before and at 1 week, 1 month, and 2 months after the intracameral bevacizumab injection and Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation. RESULTS: No morphologic and functional changes in the corneal endothelial cells were observed in the rabbit eyes after the intracameral bevacizumab and balanced salt solution injections. Iris rubeosis regression was observed in all eyes within 1 week after the injection. The visual acuity remained stable or improved, and the intraocular pressure was controlled in all eyes throughout the follow-up period. There were no ocular and systemic complications associated with the combined procedure. CONCLUSIONS: An intracameral injection of bevacizumab may be a safe alternative treatment for iris rubeosis in neovascular glaucoma when combined with Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation.
Asunto(s)
Inhibidores de la Angiogénesis/administración & dosificación , Inhibidores de la Angiogénesis/efectos adversos , Anticuerpos Monoclonales/administración & dosificación , Anticuerpos Monoclonales/efectos adversos , Endotelio Corneal/efectos de los fármacos , Implantes de Drenaje de Glaucoma , Glaucoma Neovascular/terapia , Anciano , Animales , Anticuerpos Monoclonales Humanizados , Bevacizumab , Recuento de Células , Endotelio Corneal/patología , Femenino , Angiografía con Fluoresceína , Glaucoma Neovascular/complicaciones , Glaucoma Neovascular/patología , Glaucoma Neovascular/fisiopatología , Humanos , Inyecciones Intraoculares , Presión Intraocular/efectos de los fármacos , Iris/irrigación sanguínea , Masculino , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neovascularización Patológica/complicaciones , Neovascularización Patológica/diagnóstico , Neovascularización Patológica/tratamiento farmacológico , Neovascularización Patológica/patología , Conejos , Factor A de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/antagonistas & inhibidores , Agudeza Visual/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of a biodegradable intrascleral implant of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) in a rabbit model of experimental uveitis. METHODS: A disc-shaped TA implant (1 x 3 mm, containing 6.4 mg of TA), which is made by poly(D,L-lactide) (PLA) and TA, was intrasclerally implanted into eight albino rabbits after a subcutaneous injection of tuberculin antigen. Control animals (n = 8) received sham devices. Uveitis was induced with an intravitreal injection of tuberculin antigen. To induce chronic inflammation, all eyes were reinjected with intravitreal antigen on day 14 and were observed for 1 month. Aqueous protein concentrations and cell counts were determined on days 7, 14, and 28. Inflammation of the anterior chamber (AC) and vitreous opacity were graded clinically and retinal functions were evaluated electroretinographically and histologically. RESULTS: Anterior chamber cells, flare, and vitreous opacity scores showed significantly less inflammation in treated eyes than in untreated eyes (P < 0.05). Quantitative analyses of aqueous cell counts and protein concentrations showed significant decreases in treated eyes (P < 0.05). Histopathologic examinations showed less severe inflammation and tissue disorganization in treated eyes. CONCLUSIONS: The biodegradable intrascleral TA implant was found to be effective at suppressing the inflammation induced by experimental uveitis in rabbits for at least 4 weeks.
Asunto(s)
Glucocorticoides/administración & dosificación , Esclerótica , Triamcinolona Acetonida/administración & dosificación , Uveítis/prevención & control , Implantes Absorbibles , Animales , Recuento de Células , Enfermedad Crónica , Vías de Administración de Medicamentos , Portadores de Fármacos , Composición de Medicamentos , Implantes de Medicamentos , Electrorretinografía , Glucocorticoides/farmacocinética , Poliésteres/química , Conejos , Triamcinolona Acetonida/farmacocinética , Tuberculina/inmunología , Uveítis/inmunología , Uveítis/patología , Cuerpo Vítreo/metabolismo , Cuerpo Vítreo/patologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: To study the surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) in combined phacoemulsification with 23-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy (TSV) versus combined phacoemulsification with 20-gauge standard vitrectomy. METHODS: This is a prospective comparative study comprised of 40 eyes from 37 consecutive patients. Twenty eyes (19 patients) underwent combined phacoemulsification and 23-gauge TSV, and 20 eyes (18 patients) underwent combined phacoemulsification and 20-gauge standard vitrectomy. Corneal topography was obtained preoperatively and postoperatively at weeks 1, 4, 8, and 12. Main outcome measurement was SIA consisting of astigmatic amplitude and axis from cross cylinder form calculated by rectangular coordinate method using the Holladay-Cravy-Koch formula. RESULTS: The mean SIA was 1.07 +/- 0.57 diopters (D) in the 23-gauge TSV group and 2.09 +/- 0.81 D in the 20-gauge group at postoperative week 1. SIA of both groups at weeks 4, 8, and 12 significantly decreased from the SIA at postoperative week 1 (p < 0.0001 for all 3 weeks). SIA of the 23-gauge TSV group was significantly less than that of the 20-gauge standard vitrectomy group at each postoperative period (p = 0.001). SIA of the gas tamponade group in the 23-gauge TSV was significantly greater than that of the non-gas tamponade group at postoperative week one (p = 0.039). Shifts of axis to other meridians returned to preoperative meridian in 12 eyes (85.7%) for the 23-gauge group and seven eyes (43.8%) for the 20-gauge group. CONCLUSION: Combined phacoemulsification and pars plana vitrectomy (23-gauge and 20-gauge) could induce significant SIA at postoperative week 1, and decrease over 3 months. However, 23-gauge TSV showed less SIA and early stabilization compared to the 20-gauge standard vitrectomy.
Asunto(s)
Astigmatismo/etiología , Conjuntiva/cirugía , Facoemulsificación/efectos adversos , Técnicas de Sutura , Vitrectomía/efectos adversos , Vitrectomía/métodos , Adulto , Anciano , Astigmatismo/fisiopatología , Topografía de la Córnea , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Periodo Posoperatorio , Estudios Prospectivos , Enfermedades de la Retina/cirugía , Factores de Tiempo , Vitrectomía/instrumentación , Hemorragia Vítrea/cirugíaRESUMEN
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of biodegradable intrascleral implants for the slow release of triamcinolone acetonide (TA). Intrascleral implant (1 mm thick; 3 mm diameter) was made of PLA (poly(D,L-lactide)) containing 6.4 mg of TA with one-side coating of high molecular weight PLA to render unidirectional drug absorption through the sclera. In vitro TA release was evaluated by liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy for 90 days. In vivo release of TA was measured in aqueous humor, vitreous, and retina-choroid at 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after intrascleral implantation in 20 rabbit eyes. Implant toxicity and biocompatibility were evaluated by slit lamp examinations, indirect ophthalmoscopy, intraocular pressure measurements, electroretinography, and histological examinations. In vitro studies demonstrated that the implants released TA in a controlled manner over 90 days. In vivo, TA was detected in aqueous humor until 4 weeks and in retina-choroid until 8 weeks after implantation, but was detected constantly over 12 weeks in vitreous. No significant retinal toxicity was observed. These results suggest that the devised intrascleral implant offers a promising controlled release system for the delivery of TA to the posterior segment of the eye.
Asunto(s)
Corticoesteroides/química , Materiales Biocompatibles Revestidos , Portadores de Fármacos , Implantes de Medicamentos , Ácido Láctico/química , Polímeros/química , Esclerótica/metabolismo , Triamcinolona Acetonida/química , Animales , Humor Acuoso/metabolismo , Química Farmacéutica , Coroides/metabolismo , Vías de Administración de Medicamentos , Composición de Medicamentos , Cinética , Ácido Láctico/toxicidad , Peso Molecular , Poliésteres , Polímeros/toxicidad , Conejos , Retina , Esclerótica/efectos de los fármacos , Solubilidad , Propiedades de Superficie , Tecnología Farmacéutica/métodos , Triamcinolona Acetonida/administración & dosificación , Triamcinolona Acetonida/metabolismo , Cuerpo Vítreo/metabolismoRESUMEN
Calcium-binding proteins are thought to play important roles in calcium buffering. The present study investigated the effects of ischemia and reperfusion on calbindin D28K, calretinin, and parvalbumin immunoreactivity in the ganglion cell layer of the rabbit. Rabbits were administered ischemic damage by increasing the intraocular pressure. After 60 and 90 min of ischemia, reperfusion (7 d) was allowed to occur. The b-wave of the electroretinogram (ERG) was reduced by more than 50% and almost 80% in retina given ischemia for 60 and 90 min, respectively. The oscillatory potential (OPs) wave was reduced approximately 50% at 60 min ischemia and 70% at 90 min ischemia. In both normal and ischemic-treated retina, calcium-binding protein immunoreactivity was seen in many cells in the ganglion cell layer. In eyes subjected to 60 min ischemia, there was a decrease of the density of calbindin D28K- (8.29%), calretinin- (14.44%), and parvalbumin- (26.83%) immunoreactive (IR) cells compared to the control retina. In eyes subjected to 90 min ischemia, there was a higher decrease of the density of calbindin D28K- (18.48%), calretinin- (33.59%), and parvalbumin- (54.26%) IR cells than at 60 min. Some calcium-binding protein-IR neurons, especially calretinin-IR neurons, showed aggregations that were abnormally packed together in retina subjected to ischemia for 90 min. The results show that calbindin D28K-, calretinin-, and parvalbumin-IR cells in the ganglion cell layer are susceptible to ischemic damage and reperfusion. The degree of reduction varied among different calcium-binding proteins and ischemic damage times. These results suggest that calbindin D28K-containing neurons are less susceptible to ischemic damage than calretinin- and parvalbumin-containing neurons in the ganglion cell layer of rabbit retina.
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Proteínas del Ojo/análisis , Parvalbúminas/análisis , Daño por Reperfusión/fisiopatología , Células Ganglionares de la Retina/química , Proteína G de Unión al Calcio S100/análisis , Animales , Calbindina 2 , Calbindinas , Electrorretinografía , Isquemia/fisiopatología , Neuronas/química , Neuronas/inmunología , Hipertensión Ocular/fisiopatología , Parvalbúminas/inmunología , Conejos , Proteína G de Unión al Calcio S100/inmunologíaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To evaluate the change of axial length (AL), intraocular pressure (IOP), and corneal astigmatism after scleral shortening with scleral invagination in the rabbit eye. METHODS: The authors performed scleral shortening (3 mm) with scleral invagination in two groups of 6 eyes each: 180 degrees (group 1) and 360 degrees (group 2). RESULTS: Average AL shortening was more prominent in group 2 (0.5 +/- 0.17 mm) than in group 1 (0.37 +/- 0.29 mm), but the difference was not statistically significant. IOP increased immediately after the procedure and was maintained at a high level through 2 months postoperatively. Induced corneal astigmatism was more prominent in group 1 than in group 2. The difference was statistically significant in group 1 (p<0.05) but not in group 2. CONCLUSIONS: In the scleral shortening with scleral invagination procedure, a large amount of scleral invagination resulted in more shortening of axial length, but there was more corneal astigmatism in 180-degree invagination of the sclera than in 360-degree. Further research is required to determine the effect of the extent of scleral invagination on the change of these values.
Asunto(s)
Astigmatismo/etiología , Enfermedades de la Córnea/etiología , Ojo/patología , Presión Intraocular , Esclerótica/cirugía , Animales , Periodo Posoperatorio , ConejosRESUMEN
We retrospectively evaluated the clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes of 20 pseudophakic retinal detachment (RD) patients (20 eyes) and 17 aphakic RD patients (17 eyes). Males were predominated in both groups. The time interval between cataract extraction and RD was 31 months on average in the pseudophakic group, 32 months with intact posterior capsule and 27 months with ruptured posterior capsule, and 148 months in the aphakic group. In 50% of cases with ruptured posterior capsule in the pseudophakic group, RD occurred within 1 year. The anatomic success rate was 95% in the pseudophakic group and 88% in the aphakic group. The most common cause of failure was the development of proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Visual acuities more than 20/40 after RD surgery were found in 13 pseudophakic (65%) and 6 aphakic (36%) eyes. Aphakic patients were more inclined to have silent RD than pseudophakic patients because of their poor visual acuity. Post-operative follow-up is required especially for the first 1 year in cases of damaged posterior capsule due to the high incidence of RD during this period.
Asunto(s)
Afaquia Poscatarata/etiología , Facoemulsificación/efectos adversos , Seudofaquia/etiología , Desprendimiento de Retina/etiología , Adulto , Afaquia Poscatarata/cirugía , Femenino , Humanos , Cápsula del Cristalino/lesiones , Implantación de Lentes Intraoculares , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Seudofaquia/cirugía , Desprendimiento de Retina/cirugía , Estudios Retrospectivos , Rotura , Agudeza VisualRESUMEN
We studied the effects of monocular enucleation on the patterned distribution of calretinin-, calbindin D28K- and parvalbumin-immunoreactive (IR) neurons in the superficial layers of the hamster superior colliculus (SC). The calcium-binding proteins were localized using antibody immunocytochemistry. Almost complete depletion of the calretinin-IR fibers in the superficial layers of the contralateral SC was found following unilateral enucleation. Quantitative analysis showed that on the experimental side of the SC, an enormous number of calretinin-IR cells newly appeared (716%). On the experimental side of the SC, the number of parvalbumin-IR cells also increased (32%). By contrast, on the experimental side of the SC, the number of calbindin D28K-IR cells exhibited a reduction (43%). Two-color immunofluorescence revealed that none of the newly appeared calretinin-IR cells were labeled with antibodies to calbindin D28K or parvalbumin. The present results demonstrate that retinal projection may control the activity of the expression of these calcium-binding proteins in the hamster SC but in different manners. The results also show that the patterned change of calretinin and parvalbumin in the hamster SC is comparable with other animals, but the change of calbindin D28K is not identical.
Asunto(s)
Enucleación del Ojo , Neuronas/metabolismo , Parvalbúminas/metabolismo , Proteína G de Unión al Calcio S100/metabolismo , Colículos Superiores/metabolismo , Animales , Calbindina 2 , Calbindinas , Cricetinae , Vías Nerviosas/química , Vías Nerviosas/metabolismo , Neuronas/química , Parvalbúminas/análisis , Proteína G de Unión al Calcio S100/análisis , Colículos Superiores/químicaRESUMEN
We recently reported on the distribution and effects of eye enucleation on the immunoreactivity of calretinin in the superficial layers of the hamster superior colliculus (SC). In the present study, we describe the types of labeled cells and compare this labeling to that of GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. An almost complete depletion of calretinin-immunoreactive (IR) fibers in the superficial layers of the contralateral SC was found following unilateral enucleation. On the contralateral SC, many calretinin-IR cells were newly appeared. The majority of the newly-appeared cells had small- to medium-sized round, oval, or vertical fusiform cell bodies. Two-color immunofluorescence revealed that none of these newly-appeared cells were labeled with an antibody to GABA. The present results show that the calretinin-IR cells are unique in the superficial hamster SC when compared to most of the other brain areas, where many calretinin-IR cells are GABAergic interneurons.