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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The effects of fractional resurfacing on eyelid tightening and aperture are unknown. Our purpose was to retrospectively examine the potential for eyelid tightening and eye-aperture opening in patients treated with nonablative fractional resurfacing for facial photorejuvenation. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fractional laser treatments using a 1,550-nm erbium-doped fiber laser system on the upper and lower eyelids were given at a pulse energy of 17 to 20 mJ at 125 micro-thermal zones (MTZ)/cm(2) to a final density of 500 to 750 MTZ/cm(2). Each patient had 3 to 7 treatments. Standard pre- and post-treatment photographs were taken at each visit. Physicians who graded 31 preselected patient photographs using a 4-point scale evaluated eyelid tightening. Increase in eyelid aperture was also evaluated. RESULTS: All patients had some degree of eyelid tightening; 19% achieved 1% to 25% tightening, 26% achieved 25% to 50%, 26% achieved 50% to 75%, and 29% achieved 75% to 100%. Increase in eyelid aperture was seen in 55.9% of patients. Postoperative wounding, hypopigmentation, hyperpigmentation, persistent erythema, and scarring were not observed. All patients experienced mild or no edema for a few days after treatment. CONCLUSION: Fractional resurfacing tightens and increases eyelid aperture without wounding, downtime, or long-term complications.

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BACKGROUND: We studied the safety and efficacy of a 1,064 nm neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser with a 300-micron fiber for the reduction of small unwanted fat areas. METHODS: Thirty subjects with focal areas of fat less than 100 cc were enrolled. Ten subjects were treated with laser lipolysis and had magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at baseline and 3 months post-treatment. Ten subjects had laser lipolysis followed by biweekly treatments with the Tri-active system. The last group of 10 subjects served as control. Patients were seen at baseline and 1-week, 1-month, and 3-month follow-up visits. RESULTS: Twenty-nine patients completed the study. Self-assessment evaluations reported an improvement of 37% at the 3-month follow-up visit. MRI demonstrated an average 17% reduction in fat volume. Smaller baseline volume areas, such as the submentum, had better results, suggesting a dose-response relationship. The most common side effects were mild bruising and swelling resolving within 2 weeks. CONCLUSION: Laser lipolysis using the 1,064 nm Nd:YAG laser with a 300-micron fiber appears to be a very promising procedure that delivers good, reproducible results safely and effectively. The advantages include excellent patient tolerance, quick recovery time, and the benefit of dermal tightening.

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OBJECTIVE: To share our current experience and review the current literature concerning the use of radiofrequency for the treatment of facial laxity. METHODS: We discuss our experience and review the current literature. RESULTS: Radiofrequency can impart mild tightening of mid- and lower facial laxity as well as periorbital laxity. In addition, it may help acne scars and acne. CONCLUSIONS: Radiofrequency appears to impart mild improvement to facial laxity and is a viable nonsurgical option for patients with mild facial laxity. There is, however, a need for blinded, randomized controlled studies to further validate these claims.

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OBJECTIVE: To assess the analgesic effect of a handheld forced cold air device during fractional photothermolysis. METHODS: Twenty patients who were being treated with full-face fractional photothermolysis were asked to rate their pain level with and without the handheld air-cooling device. Pain was rated on a scale of 1 to 10, with 10 being the worst. RESULTS: Nineteen of 20 patients noted decreased pain with the addition of handheld cooling. The mean level of pain without air-cooling was 6.95 +/- 2.0. The mean level of discomfort with air cooling was 4.0 +/- 1.8. The mean decrease in pain with the addition of air-cooling was 2.9 +/- 1.8. CONCLUSION: The addition of a handheld forced cold air device to cool the skin before and after fractional photothermolysis treatment is an effective adjunctive analgesic modality.

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BACKGROUND: Multiple modalities have been described for skin rejuvenation, including ablative and nonablative therapies. Because of the prolonged recovery period associated with ablative procedures that injure the epidermis, nonablative skin treatments have grown increasingly popular. Various laser- and light-based systems have been designed or applied for promoting skin remodeling without damage to the epidermis. METHODS: Studies investigating the use of nonablative procedures for facial rhytids or acne scarring with clinical, histological, and objective quantitative measurements are systematically reviewed. RESULTS: Nonablative treatments are associated with clinical and objective improvements for the treatment of facial rhytids and acne scarring. Dermal remodeling seems to occur as a result of thermal injury, leading to dermal fibrosis without epidermal disruption. CONCLUSIONS: Although results are not as impressive as those of ablative treatments, nonablative procedures are effective in the treatment of photoaging and acne scarring. As technology in nonablative therapies continues to evolve, future laser and light sources may yield even more favorable results.

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Turner's syndrome (TS) is a common genetic disorder of girls and women, for which the defining clinical triad is short stature, impaired sexual development, and infertility. Although classically known as monosomy X, genetic heterogeneity is frequent in TS, with mosaicism conferring a survival advantage. Several genetic loci have been implicated in TS including the short stature homeobox gene. TS effects many organs, with cutaneous stigmata providing critical clues for early detection of TS. The presence of lymphedema and its cutaneous sequelae are predictive of other systemic disorders, such as cardiac disease. Although an increased number of benign nevi have been reported in TS, the decreased melanoma rate in this population suggests some protective factor is active. Keloids were thought to be prevalent in TS, but recent data suggest otherwise. Autoimmune diseases are common in TS, with a possible increased prevalence of alopecia areata and vitiligo. The following review discusses new insights into the genetics and pathogenesis of this complex disorder, summarizes the major systemic effects, and reviews skin manifestations of TS and their implications.

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BACKGROUND: Combination defects involving both the nasal sidewall or ala and cheek can be challenging to reconstruct. METHODS: Patients with skin cancers involving the nasal sidewall or ala and medial cheek treated with Mohs micrographic surgery were reconstructed using a cheek advancement flap in combination with a melolabial Burow's graft. RESULTS: This technique provides a simple, reproducible, and cosmetically excellent method of repairing these defects. CONCLUSION: The use of this repair provides superb tissue matches and maintains natural aesthetic subunits, yielding an excellent result with minimal morbidity.

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BACKGROUND: Intralesional interferon (IFN) alpha-2b has been shown to be a safe and effective mode of treatment for basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Multiple studies published in the 1980s through the early 1990s have demonstrated the efficacy of intralesional interferon in the treatment of these malignancies. Unfortunately, this modality appears to be underused. OBJECTIVE: This article serves to remind dermatologists that in addition to cryotherapy, electrodesiccation, and surgical excision, intralesional IFN-alpha is an important part of the armamentarium in the treatment of nonmelanoma skin cancers. METHODS: In addition to a review of the literature, we present eight cases in seven patients successfully treated with intralesional IFN for basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: Its nonsurgical approach and excellent cosmetic results make IFNalpha-2b an attractive option for patients and an important alternative when other treatment modalities are impractical or contraindicated.

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Adverse cutaneous reactions to low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) are uncommon in the literature. They are usually localized reactions such as ecchymoses, erythematous plaques, and nodules. Only one case of a generalized maculopapular rash with enoxaparin has been reported in Europe. To our knowledge, this is the first case reported in the English literature of a generalized exanthem due to subcutaneous injection of enoxaparin.

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