RESUMEN
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To identify whether meaning in life has moderating and mediating effects on the relationship between depression and quality of life in patients with dysphagia. BACKGROUND: Dysphagic patients typically have multidimensional problems, such as depression, which can negatively influence their quality of life. Meaning in life, therefore, can be used as a psychological resource that may enhance quality of life for these patients. DESIGN: A descriptive cross-sectional research design was used. METHODS: Ninety patients with dysphagia were recruited for a survey from eight general and rehabilitation hospitals in Korea. The questionnaires, which included the Korean version of the Swallowing Quality of Life scale developed by Cha, the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale developed by Radloff, and the Purpose in Life test developed by Crumbaugh and Maholick, were used for data collection. Descriptive statistics, Hayes' PROCESS macro and Cronbach's alpha were used for data analyses. RESULTS: Meaning in life was found to mediate the relationship between depression and quality of life in patients with dysphagia. However, the index of moderation was not statistically significant, which mean that meaning in life did not moderate the relationship between the patients' depression and quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: Meaning in life had a mediating effect on the relationship between depression and quality of life in patients with dysphagia. Thus, to improve the quality of life of patients with dysphagia, nurses should apply interventions to help them find meaning in life. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Meaning in life can be used as a nursing intervention strategy to improve the quality of life for patients living with dysphagia and depression.
Asunto(s)
Trastornos de Deglución/psicología , Depresión/psicología , Calidad de Vida , Estudios Transversales , Trastornos de Deglución/complicaciones , Trastornos de Deglución/enfermería , Depresión/complicaciones , Depresión/enfermería , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , República de Corea , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , TraduccionesRESUMEN
A series of calcium phosphates synthesized through a wet precipitation route of hydroxylapatite (HAP) was investigated over a wide range of temperature and pH (25-80 degrees C, and pH 6.5-10.0) using a combination of microscopic and spectroscopic analyses. XRD and FTIR show that monetite and brushite are formed as a single phase at non-ideal conditions of HAP, respectively. From TGA results, it is found that brushite is converted to monetite at a range 175-200 degrees C when heated at the heating rate, 10 degrees C/min. This phase transformation is also observed when brushite is aged at pH 8.5 and 60 degrees C for 24 hr in solution. Morphology of brushite is sensitive to pH variation. At pH 6.5, tabular and platy crystals of brushite are observed whereas needle-like ones are predominant at pH 8.5. For HAP formed at pH 10.0, their shapes tend toward needle-like particles as temperature increases. HAP particles at pH 8.5 are very similar in morphology to HAP at pH 10.0, but their lengths are two or three times as great as those at pH 10.0. These observations demonstrate that desired phase and properties of calcium phosphates can be controlled by pH, temperature, and aging time through a wet precipitation method.