RESUMEN
Some members of the ABC-transporter superfamily, such as P-glycoprotein and the multidrug resistance associated protein, may confer resistance to the avermectin subclass of macrocyclic lactones. The aim of this study was to examine the presence of ABC transporters in both sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) and its Atlantic salmon host (Salmo salar) using monoclonal antibodies (C219 and JSB-1, with high selectivity for P-gp) and a new polyclonal antibody (SL0525) generated against a putative sea louse ABC transporter. The antibody raised to SL0525 did not react with rat P-gp, suggesting that an ABC transporter, not necessarily P-gp, was isolated. C219 was the only antibody to localize P-gp in all 3 salmon tissues (intestine, kidney and liver). American lobster (Homarus americanus) was used as a reference crustacean for L. salmonis immunostaining reactions and showed positive staining in the hepatopancreatic and intestinal tissues with all 3 antibodies. The L. salmonis showed positive staining in the intestinal epithelial lining with all antibodies. This report represents the first documented evidence for the expression of ABC transporters in L. salmonis, its Atlantic salmon host, and the American lobster.
Asunto(s)
Miembro 1 de la Subfamilia B de Casetes de Unión a ATP/fisiología , Transportadoras de Casetes de Unión a ATP/fisiología , Copépodos/fisiología , Nephropidae/fisiología , Salmo salar/fisiología , Miembro 1 de la Subfamilia B de Casetes de Unión a ATP/análisis , Miembro 1 de la Subfamilia B de Casetes de Unión a ATP/metabolismo , Transportadoras de Casetes de Unión a ATP/genética , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Anticuerpos/análisis , Anticuerpos/metabolismo , Western Blotting/veterinaria , Copépodos/genética , Femenino , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Filogenia , Conejos , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión/inmunología , Salmo salar/genética , Salmo salar/parasitología , Alineación de Secuencia/veterinaria , Distribución Tisular/fisiologíaAsunto(s)
Canales de Cloruro/genética , Copépodos/genética , Receptores de GABA-A/genética , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Cartilla de ADN , Insecticidas/farmacología , Insecticidas/uso terapéutico , Activación del Canal Iónico/efectos de los fármacos , Ivermectina/análogos & derivados , Ivermectina/farmacología , Ivermectina/uso terapéutico , Infestaciones por Piojos/tratamiento farmacológico , Infestaciones por Piojos/veterinaria , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/veterinaria , ARN Mensajero/análisis , Salmo salar/parasitología , Alineación de Secuencia , Homología de Secuencia de AminoácidoRESUMEN
We have studied the replication of virus in tissues and development of lesions associated with infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV) infection in Atlantic salmon using in situ hybridization (ISH) with a riboprobe targeting ISAV RNA segment 7 messenger RNA. Fish were infected with three ISAV isolates (U5575-1, RPC-01-0593-1, Norway 810/9/99) and then euthanatized sequentially at 3, 6, 10, and 13 days postinoculation (dpi) and thereafter once a week for 8 weeks. Severe histopathologic lesions were observed in tissues from all groups beginning at the onset of mortality. The severe histopathologic lesions correlated with maximum intensity and frequency of ISH signals (P < 0.001). There was a strong association between the hybridization signals and severity of lesions in the liver, kidney, and heart (R = 0.81, 0.70, and 0.78, respectively; P < 0.001). The distribution of ISH signals indicated the presence of a viremia because signals were observed predominantly in individual blood cells and endothelial cells, and possibly hematopoietic cells of head kidney, but not in the necrotic hepatocytes and renal epithelium. Of the organs sampled, the heart was the first and last to show ISH signals, possibly because of increased activity of the endocardial endothelial cells and the underlining macrophages, which continuously trap and remove circulating virus, and therefore represents the best tissue sample for screening of suspected infected fish. On the basis of mortality, severity of lesions, and intensity and frequency of ISH signals, ISAV isolate Norway 810/9/99 was the most virulent and U5575-1 the least virulent isolate studied.