RESUMEN

Sanitary and parasitological studies of the waste effluents and surface reservoir waters were conducted in the south of Russia. The efficiency of purification of waste effluents from the pathogens of parasitic diseases was investigated in the region's sewage-purification facilities. The water of the surface water reservoirs was found to contain helminthic eggs and larvae and intestinal protozoan cysts because of the poor purification and disinfection of service fecal sewage waters. The poor purification and disinvasion of waste effluents in the region determine the potential risk of contamination of the surface water reservoirs and infection of the population with the pathogens of human parasitic diseases.

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Testing confirmed that the applied brush washing methods developed in the 1970s could provide the adequate representativeness of a sample and full information on the actual presence of helminth eggs in the objects under study. An instrumental study was found to increase the probability of helminth egg detection by up to 3.1 times due to the representativeness of a sample, to reduce the labor- and time-consumption to have analysis results, as well as to unify a procedure for sanitary parasitological studies of washouts, and to enhance the efficiency of the equipment already used in parasitology laboratories.

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Developed parasitological passports for sewage treatment works have been issued in the subjects of the Southern Federal District. Its some regions have areas inadequately covered by centralized water drainage. New waste treatment technologies and disinvasion agents have not been virtually introduced. No proper significance is attached to the parasitological studies of epidemiologically significant substrates, such as waste waters and their sludge. The positive results of dehelmintization and disinvasion are stated from the absence of helminth eggs rather than from the comparative results of sewer clearing from the invasion principle and their viability loss. Standard guides corresponding to the profile of objects are inadequately used in day-to-day work.

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The relative uniformity of helminthic eggs has been noted in the wastewaters of the Rostov Region, Krasnodar Territory, and the Republic ofAdygea. An ovogram is mainly presented by the eggs of Ascaris, Toxocaras, and whipworms. By taking into account incomplete dehelmintization during waste treatment, 5,000 to 1,080,000 helminth eggs may annually come into the water reservoirs where purified wastewaters are discharged, 33% remaining viable. Irrespective of the efficiency of dehelmintization, wastewaters and their precipitations continue to remain epidemiologically dangerous substrates and to create prerequisites for the spread of an invasive source in the environment, by risking the infection of the population with parasitic diseases.

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The southern region is marked by a high incidence of parasitic diseases and a significant contamination of environmental objects with the eggs and cysts of their pathogens. Background examinations revealed the greatest soil contamination with helminthic eggs in the Temryuksky District of the Krasnodar Territory and in the towns of Vladikavkaz and Digora of the Republic of North Ossetia (Alania). The least contamination was found in Rostov-on-Don and the towns of the south-western area of the Krasnodar Territory. The eggs of Toxocara and astamination. There is an increase in the proportion of soil positive tests from 26.6 to 50.0, with the high (up to 82.0-100.0%) viability of eggs and a rise in the intensive index of their content per kg of soil (from 2.7 to 4.7-11.0). Toxocara eggs were mainly detected. The established high proportion of seropositive persons (10.7-18.0%) among the local population is an additional verification of the wide circulation of Toxocara eggs in nature. By the helminthic egg contamination index, the soils of localities of the south of Russia are qualified as those of moderate epidemic hazard. The floods accompanied by the increased helminthological contamination of the upper soil layer may lead to a higher human risk for contamination with helminthic diseases.

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The ovicidal effects of 3 agents: hydrogen peroxide, pantocidum, and Bingsti derived from plant materials (Russia's patent No. 2062752 in 1996) were tested. The findings suggest that pantocidum and hydrogen peroxide were ineffective when used in the tested doses for decontamination. Bingsti was promising in disinfecting sewage. The usage of the nontoxic plant-based agent to decontaminate environmental objects will solve the problem in the utilization of sewage deposits and reduce the risk of parasitosis in human beings.

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Risk factors for enterobiasis were qualitatively and quantitatively assessed by a questionnaire given to 277 health schoolchildren and 277 schoolchildren who suffered from enterobiasis. A prognostic table was developed for primary screening of risk groups. Preventive measures are recommended in the paper.

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There are conditions for forming a diphyllobothriasis focus in the basin of the lower Don. In terms of the population affliction, low risk for its infection and the size of copepods, the focus is differentiated as an Oligocopepoda one of low epidemiological intensity. Its formation is favoured by the activation of the population's migration, favourable ecological and biological conditions for the existence of intermediate and supplementary hosts, the population's habit of having ill-disinfected fish, the pathways of infected material delivery into the reservoirs, the survival periods for broad tape-worm eggs, which are sufficient for diphyllobothriasis pathogens to develop their biological cycle under the conditions of Rostov Province.

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The previously undetermined periods for dehelminthizing the sewage deposits on the silt sites under the conditions of the Bryansk Province. For this purpose, the minimal ageing of the deposits is 3.5 years after filling the last silt maps. Prior to deposit disposal, it is necessary to make its sanitary helminthic examination for live helminthic eggs. This allows one to prevent the delivery of infested material into the environment, with the tested substrate.

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Sanitary and parasitologic problems of recreation use of water bodies and coast lines are still to be studied. The author has examined the routes of invasion at recreation areas by the lower Don river. The river bed depositions and water as well as coastline soil were found contaminated with helminthic eggs. These eggs were brought by sewage water, feces, and surface flow. Effective ecologically justified measures should be developed to prevent it.

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