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Results of comprehensive ELISA tests of blood serum for the presence of IgM-, IgA-, and IgG-antibodies to herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, human herpesvirus 6, human herpes virus 8 type, Chlamydia trachomatis in 38 patients with uveal melanoma are presented. The polymerase chain reaction was used to detect DNA of these pathogens in tumor biopsies, vitreous body of 10 enucleated eyes, as well as in plasma IgG-antibodies to HHV 6 were revealed in 50% of patients; IgG-antibodies to HHV 8, in 5.3% of patients. Among the 16 patients with uveal melanoma at advanced stages, 6 patients had antibodies indicative of EBV reactivation (1.2-3.3). Chlamydia trachomatis genome was detected in both biopsies; in one of them, in conjunction with EBV and CMV DNA . Tissue samples from the identified infectious agents were related only to the spindle-cell histologic type AB of uveal melanoma. In plasma, genomes of pathogens were not determined. The results indicate the presence of infectious agents in patients with uveal melanoma and require further study of the pathogenetic role of infections in the pathogenesis of uveal melanoma.

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Morphology of rabbit eyes enucleated in various periods after ultrasound exposure was studied to elucidate the hypotensive effect of focussed ultrasound. Histologic findings suggest two mechanisms of focussed ultrasound effect: inhibited secretion of intraocular fluid at the expense of focal necrosis of ciliary body epithelium and creation of transscleral route of chamber fluid discharge as a result of sclera thinning at the site of intervention.

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Specific features in the pathogenesis of ocular burns with a solution of an organic product, epichlorohydrin, are analyzed. Abnormalities in the vascular system anterior portion were revealed, related to the toxic effect of the agent on tissue vessels and to enhanced permeability and involvement of not only the cornea, but (and even more so) of the iris, where necrotic changes and hemorrhages eventuating in iris atrophy were detectable. Contrykal (hordox) therapy promoted a drastic inhibition of leukocytic and lymphocytic migration into burnt tissue, this resulting in a month in the formation of gentle cicatricial tissue with negligible residual inflammatory infiltration in the burn wound. Iris changes still persisted, since the drug appeared to have no effect on this process.

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Comprehensive morphologic studies (including light microscopy, morphometry, autoradiography) of experimental rabbits have revealed a stimulating effect of fibronectin instillations on healing of central penetrating wounds of the cornea. A polypotent mechanism of the stimulating effect of fibronectin instillations during all the stages of the reparative process in the corneal tissue was proved.

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Postoperative material of 225 orbitotomies studied in Helmholtz Research Institute of Eye Diseases for 5 years with the pathohistological diagnosis of chronic inflammation of the orbit tissues was analysed. Granulomatous inflammation was found in 28% of cases and its detailed description in 63 cases is given. Sarcoidosis, Wegener's granulomatosis and other forms of allergic vasculitis and idiopathic forms of "mixed" granulomas are observed around foreign bodies apart from ordinary granulomas. Granulomatous inflammation as a primary manifestation in the orbit of such systemic conditions as Wegener's granulomatosis and sarcoidosis was observed in some cases.

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The paper generalizes and analyses experimental results obtained in 60 eyes of 30 rabbits after induced burn by means of epichlorhydrine that is widely used in chemical industry and produces industrial burns of the eye in 20% of all burns in the town of Sumgait. Clinico-morphologic researches allowed to reveal peculiarities of pathogenesis of severe eye burns produced by epichlorhydrine causing toxic lesions of the iris and to substantiate effectiveness of hordox used in such cases, that has not only antiproteolytic, but also antiinflammatory, cytotoxic action on the burn process.

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Morphogenesis of adenovirus (epidemic keratoconjunctivitis) and chlamydia (paratrachoma) infections was studied on the material consisting of scrapings of the conjunctiva and biopsy specimens taken from 410 patients, by histological, cytological, histo- and cytochemical electron-microscopic and immunohistochemical methods. The investigations conducted showed that the morphogenesis of adenovirus and chlamydia infection of the conjunctiva was underlaid by a complex of pathological disorders including changes in the epithelium, where the cytopathogenic effect of the pathogene was realized, and changes in the conjunctiva tissue proper, the latter being transformed in these infections into the organ of immunogenesis.

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