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OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of reciprocal peer-assisted learning (PAL) with traditional faculty-led teaching on the academic performance of fourth-year medical students in Family Medicine clerkship. STUDY DESIGN: An experimental study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Department of Health Professions Education and Department of Family Medicine, Shifa College of Medicine, Islamabad, Pakistan, from 22nd February 2019 to 25th February 2020. METHODOLOGY: The study was conducted longitudinally in three clerkship rounds of Family Medicine with 77 fourth-year students separated into a control group and an intervention group taught by faculty and peers respectively. All peer tutors were trained prior to their sessions and there were parallel peer-led and faculty-led sessions. Both groups were given a pre-test prior to the intervention and a post-test after the intervention. The data were entered in SPSS version 24 and analysed using chi-square, independent and paired sample t-tests. RESULTS: Participants of both intervention (PAL) and control (non-PAL) groups demonstrated a significant difference in post and pre-test scores with a p-value <0.05. However, the mean difference in the post-and pre-test scores between the two groups was not significant with a p-value >0.05. CONCLUSION: Students taught by peers performed as well as students taught by the faculty in this study, as depicted by their academic scores. Henceforth PAL is comparable to faculty-led teaching in acquisition of knowledge in Family Medicine clerkship. KEY WORDS: Peer-assisted learning, Reciprocal peer-assisted learning, Traditional teaching, Family medicine.
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Educación de Pregrado en Medicina , Estudiantes de Medicina , Competencia Clínica , Evaluación Educacional , Docentes , Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria , Humanos , Grupo Paritario , EnseñanzaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To determine the maternal health status in terms of antenatal, natal and postnatal care. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Shifa College of Medicine, Islamabad, Pakistan, from August 2015 to February 2016, and comprised married women living in Nurpur Shahan, a peri-urban community..A systemic random sampling method was used to raise the study sample. Only members of the household aged18 to 45 years and permanent residents of that area were selected. SPSS 21 was used to analyse the collected data. RESULTS: There were 1,275 participants in the study with an overall mean age of 31.6±8 years. The mean age of marriage was 19±3.6 years while the mean age of first childbirth was 20.8±3.6 years. Besides, 950(74.5%) participants had undergone an antenatal check-up. Moreover, 685(53.7%) underwent delivery in a hospital, 433(34%) had postnatal check-up, and 432(33.9%) were using contraception. Participants who had undergone hospital delivery were 18.7 times more likely to have taken prenatal care and 6.9 times more likely to utilise postnatal care compared to participants who had not utilised antenatal care (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Most of the participants did not give significant importance to postnatal care.
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Entorno del Parto/estadística & datos numéricos , Estado de Salud , Salud Materna , Atención Posnatal/estadística & datos numéricos , Atención Prenatal/estadística & datos numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Anticoncepción/estadística & datos numéricos , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pakistán , Aceptación de la Atención de Salud , Embarazo , Población Suburbana , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of sociocultural perception on the nutritional status of children under five years of age. METHODS: This cross-sectional study using a self-constructed questionnaire was conducted at the Shifa Rotary Clinic, Nurpur Shahan, Pakistan, from February to October 2016, and comprised mothers and children. Mothers age 18-45years having a child less than 5 years old were included. SPSS 21 was used for data analysis. . RESULTS: Of the 564 participants, 526(93.3%) were housewives and 38(6.5%) were working mothers. The overall mean age was 27.49±5.197 years. Mother was the decision-maker for child nutrition in 344(61.0%) cases while the father was the decision-maker for child nutrition in 106(18.8%) cases. About 64(11.3%) wasted colostrums, of which 18(28.1%) acted on their own accord 46(71.9%) on others' advice. Mother as the decision-maker for child nutrition was found to be significantly associated with normal child nutritional status (p<0.05).In our study male child was 2.29 times likely to have a normal nutritional status as compared to a female child (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Sociocultural perceptions were found to have a significant impact on nutritional status of children under the age of 5 years.
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Actitud Frente a la Salud/etnología , Trastornos de la Nutrición del Niño/etnología , Toma de Decisiones , Madres , Adulto , Alimentación con Biberón/etnología , Alimentación con Biberón/estadística & datos numéricos , Lactancia Materna/etnología , Lactancia Materna/estadística & datos numéricos , Trastornos de la Nutrición del Niño/epidemiología , Preescolar , Calostro , Estudios Transversales , Padre , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Estado Nutricional , Pakistán/epidemiología , Pobreza/estadística & datos numéricos , Factores Sexuales , Terapias Espirituales , Población Suburbana/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To assess sources of drinking water and its methods of disinfection, sanitary situation and waste disposal methods. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of 6 months from April 2015 to September 2015 in the village of Nurpur Shahan, a peri-urban slum area of Islamabad, Pakistan. Systemic random sampling method was employed to gather data from an adult household member aged between 18 and 45 years through a structured questionnaire. SPSS 21 was used for data analysis.. RESULTS: A total of 2,078 households were included in the study. The mean age of the participants was 31.5±8.17 years. Moreover, 1,600(77%) residents did not disinfect drinking water. Boiling was the most common 378(18.2) method of disinfection. Majority of the households 1,936(93.2%) had latrine inside their houses. The most common mode of waste disposal was burning 951(45.8%), followed by dumping 601(28.9%) and throwing away in the street 415(20%). CONCLUSIONS: Most participants did not disinfect drinking water.
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Desinfección , Agua Potable/normas , Saneamiento , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Desinfección/métodos , Desinfección/estadística & datos numéricos , Composición Familiar , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pakistán/epidemiología , Saneamiento/métodos , Saneamiento/estadística & datos numéricos , Eliminación de Residuos Líquidos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Pakistan is currently facing the double burden of communicable (38%) and non- communicable diseases (49%) according to WHO NCD Country Profiles 2014. About 50% of all deaths are attributed to NCD's. The objective of this study was to determine the burden of non-communicable diseases in semi urban community of Islamabad. METHODS: We carried a cross sectional study to estimate the burden of non-communicable diseases in an urban setting, a community based cross sectional survey covering 1210 households was carried out over a period of three months. Households were selected through consecutive non-probability sampling, among which adult females and males who were permanent resident of the community were interviewed through a structured questionnaire in urdu language. SPSS version 21 was used to analyze the data. Descriptive statistics were calculated. RESULTS: About 38.7% individuals had High BP / IHD, 34.4% had oro-dental health problems, 24.3% were physically disabled and 14.6% had diabetes. Among the risk factors, 48.2% were tobacco user, 13.60% were drug abuser and 1.8% alcoholics. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the prevalence of non-communicable diseases is quite high in the above setting as compared to the National indicators, which demands timely intervention to curtail the existing burden of NCD.