RESUMEN
Cocrystallization is a phenomenon widely used to enhance the biological and physicochemical properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). The present study deals with the synthesis of a cocrystal of coumarin-3-carboxylic acid (2-oxochromene-3-carboxylic acid, C10H6O4), a synthetic analogue of the naturally occurring antioxidant coumarin, with thiourea (CH4N2S) using the neat grinding method. The purity and homogeneity of the coumarin-3-carboxylic acid-thiourea (1/1) cocrystal was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, FT-IR analysis and thermal stability studies based on differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Detailed geometry analysis via density functional theory (DFT) demonstrated that the 1:1 cocrystal stoichiometry is sustained by N-H...O hydrogen bonding between the amine (-NH2) groups of thiourea and the carbonyl group of coumarin. The synthesized cocrystal exhibited potent antioxidant activity (IC50 = 127.9â ± 5.95â µM) in a DPPH radical scavenger assay in vitro in comparison with the standard N-acetyl-L-cysteine (IC50 = 111.6â ±â 2.4â µM). The promising results of the present study highlight the significance of cocrystallization as a crystal engineering tool to improve the efficacy of pharmaceutical ingredients.
Asunto(s)
Cumarinas , Tiourea , Cumarinas/farmacología , Cristalización/métodos , Cristalografía por Rayos X , Enlace de Hidrógeno , Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de FourierRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of Bogota bag for closure of open abdominal wounds after laparotomy where the primary closure cannot be achieved and other closure techniques are not available. METHODS: The descriptive study was conducted at Mayo Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan, from September 2011 to February2015, and comprised patients who underwent laparotomy and peritoneal cavities and who could not be closed primarily because of various reasons like traumatic loss and oedematous gut. They were managed with Bogota bag for abdominal closure. SPSS 18 was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Of the 55 patients, 37(67.27%) were male and 18(32.73%) were female. There was traumatic loss in 34(61.8%), oedematous gut and omentum in 15(27.27%) and gangrenous abdominal wall in 6(10.9%) patients. Bogota bag was applied in all (100%) of them. In 19(34.55%) patients, delayed primary closure was possible, so the Bogota was used temporarily. In 36(65.45%) cases managed with Bogota bag, healing occurred by granulation tissue or skin grafting/flaps were applied and these patients developed hernia. Five (9.09%) patients developed small bowel fistula which was managed conservatively. No patient developed complication due to exposure or abdominal compartment. There were 7(12.8%) postoperative deaths due to the disease process and were unrelated to the closure technique. CONCLUSIONS: Bogota bag was an effective means of closure of open abdominal wound and prevented the complications due to open abdominal wounds or closure under tension.
Asunto(s)
Abdomen/cirugía , Traumatismos Abdominales/cirugía , Pared Abdominal/cirugía , Gangrena/cirugía , Laparotomía/métodos , Peritonitis/cirugía , Técnicas de Cierre de Heridas/instrumentación , Edema , Femenino , Hernia Abdominal/epidemiología , Humanos , Fístula Intestinal/epidemiología , Laparotomía/instrumentación , Masculino , Pakistán , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/epidemiología , Cicatrización de HeridasRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To get direct upward feedback from the residents of first batch of CPSP/HSE Postgraduate Scholarship Programme. STUDY DESIGN: Mixed methods qualitative research study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: CPSP, Regional Office, Lahore, in June 2015. METHODOLOGY: It is a mixed-method study that was conducted in June, 2015. Data was collected through an email survey with 33 medical residents doing their rotation in Ireland; and focus group discussions were carried out with 8 residents, who had successfully completed their rotation. Data were collected through pre-designed questionnaires comprising of open- and close-ended questions. The data were entered into SPSS version 21 and analyzed. RESULTS: The mean age of residents was 29.9 ±1.1 years, 7 (21.2%) were females and 24 (72.7%) respondents were males. Residents agreed that HSE programme has improved their evidence-based decision making (mean score of 3.3 ±1.2) and enhanced professionalism (mean score of 3.6 ±1.1). They disagreed that training has polished their procedural skills (mean score 2.4 ±1.2). The identified strengths of the programme are: adopting a systematic approach towards patients, evidence-based decision making, better exposure and opportunities, financial stability and development of communication skills. The weaknesses are: less exposure to procedural skills, difficulty in synopsis and dissertation writing and difficulty in adjustment with rotational schedules. CONCLUSION: Residents of CPSP/HSE Programme believed that CPSP/HSE has improved their professionalism, communication skills and increased their future opportunities for career growth. Better communication between CPSP focal person and residents will help sort out many minor but important issues.
Asunto(s)
Educación de Postgrado en Medicina/normas , Becas , Internado y Residencia , Evaluación de Programas y Proyectos de Salud/métodos , Adulto , Comunicación , Toma de Decisiones , Medicina Basada en la Evidencia , Femenino , Grupos Focales , Humanos , India , Irlanda , Masculino , Relaciones Médico-Paciente , Competencia Profesional , Investigación Cualitativa , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To record residents' perspective about the utility of newly introduced E-Log system at the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan (CPSP). STUDY DESIGN: Sequential mixed method design using survey questionnaire and in-depth interviews. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: CPSP, Regional Center, Lahore, from March to June 2014. METHODOLOGY: Data was collected from registered trainees through a web-based survey questionnaire on a scale of 1 to 7 about the utility of E-log system. In-depth interviews were conducted with 7 students using non-probability purposive sampling. The interviews were tape recorded and subsequently transcribed. Quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS version 20 and qualitative data was analyzed using content analysis by identifying themes and patterns. RESULTS: Atotal of 4399 responses were received. Motivation was 4.61 ± 1.98; 4.33 ± 2.00 remained acknowledgment of control of one's training by the new system. Ease of use got a mean score of 4.56 ± 2.15. CONCLUSION: The overall acceptance of the students regarding E-Log system was high. Scheduling IT workshop at the start of training will add to the student satisfaction regarding utility of E-Log system.