RESUMEN
The Skin Picking Impact Scale (SPIS) is a self-report instrument developed to assess the psychosocial consequences of repetitive skin picking. An initial 28-item scale was administered to 31 individuals with severe self-injurious skin picking and 78 individuals with non-self-injurious skin picking. Item difficulty levels and part-whole correlations resulted in a 10-item scale with good internal consistency. SPIS scores for those with self-injurious skin picking were significantly higher than for those with non-self-injurious skin picking. SPIS scores for those with self-injurious skin picking correlated with duration of daily picking, satisfaction during picking, and shame subsequent to picking, as well as Beck Depression Inventory and Beck Anxiety Inventory scores. Sensitivity and specificity analyses indicate that a scale cutoff score of 7 optimally discriminates individuals with self-injurious skin picking from those with non-self-injurious skin picking.
Asunto(s)
Escalas de Valoración Psiquiátrica/normas , Conducta Autodestructiva/diagnóstico , Piel/lesiones , Adulto , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Conducta Autodestructiva/psicología , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Heridas y Lesiones/psicologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: This paper reports on the development of the Skin Picking Scale (SPS), a six-item paper-and-pencil measure for the assessment of skin picking. METHODS: 28 severe self-injurious and 77 non-self-injurious skin pickers initially completed an eight-item severity scale modeled after the Yale--Brown Obsessive--Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS). RESULTS: Group comparisons and part--whole correlations for individual scale items resulted in a six-item scale with a total score range of 0--24. A Cronbach's alpha coefficient of.80 indicated moderate internal consistency for the scale. Construct validity was demonstrated by significant correlations between SPS total scale scores and self-reported average duration of skin picking episodes. Significant correlations were also reported between SPS total scale scores and both Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) scores, as well as self-reported intensity of emotions during the picking process. Lastly, sensitivity and specificity analyses suggest that a SPS cut-off score of 7 differentiates severe self-injurious and non-self-injurious skin pickers. CONCLUSION: The SPS is a valid and reliable self-report scale for the assessment of severity in medical and psychiatric patients who endorse skin picking.
Asunto(s)
Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo/diagnóstico , Conducta Autodestructiva/diagnóstico , Piel/lesiones , Adolescente , Adulto , Trastornos de Ansiedad/clasificación , Trastornos de Ansiedad/diagnóstico , Trastornos de Ansiedad/psicología , Trastorno Depresivo/clasificación , Trastorno Depresivo/diagnóstico , Trastorno Depresivo/psicología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo/clasificación , Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo/psicología , Determinación de la Personalidad/estadística & datos numéricos , Psicometría , Valores de Referencia , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Conducta Autodestructiva/clasificación , Conducta Autodestructiva/psicologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Little is known about the longitudinal course of treatment outcome in patients with trichotillomania. The authors conducted a second follow-up assessment on a cohort of hair pullers previously studied. METHOD: Forty-four subjects completed a hair-pulling questionnaire and paper-and-pencil measures of hair-pulling severity and impact, psychosocial functioning, depression, anxiety, and self-esteem. Mean time elapsed between the first and second follow-up assessment was 2.5 years (index evaluation to first follow-up = 3.5 years). RESULTS: Twenty-seven subjects (61.4%) had active treatment since the first follow-up. No significant changes in hair pulling, depression, anxiety, or psychosocial functioning were reported from first to second follow-up. Self-esteem scores significantly worsened during this period (p = .000). A trend toward worsening also existed for psychosocial impact scores. Comparison of scores at index evaluation with second follow-up still showed significant improvement over time for hair pulling (p = .001) but significant worsening in self-esteem (p = .000). Treatment and responder status were unrelated to clinical functioning, with the exception of depression and psychosocial impact. CONCLUSION: Although hair pullers exhibit initial improvement with treatment, scale scores plateau or worsen by second follow-up. Significant worsening in self-esteem at second follow-up may be related to the absence of further improvements in hair-pulling severity. Future research should focus on the interrelationships among self-esteem, depression, and hair pulling during treatment for this disorder.
Asunto(s)
Tricotilomanía/terapia , Adaptación Psicológica , Adolescente , Adulto , Trastornos de Ansiedad/epidemiología , Trastornos de Ansiedad/psicología , Trastornos de Ansiedad/terapia , Terapia Conductista , Comorbilidad , Trastorno Depresivo/epidemiología , Trastorno Depresivo/psicología , Trastorno Depresivo/terapia , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Hipnosis , Estudios Longitudinales , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Inventario de Personalidad/estadística & datos numéricos , Escalas de Valoración Psiquiátrica/estadística & datos numéricos , Psicotrópicos/uso terapéutico , Autoimagen , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Ajuste Social , Resultado del Tratamiento , Tricotilomanía/diagnóstico , Tricotilomanía/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: A sizeable sector of the population continues to smoke cigarettes despite our efforts to prevent and treat this addiction. We explored the relationships between lifetime comorbidity, psychiatric symptomatology, smoking behavior and treatment outcome to better understand vulnerability to smoking and treatment response. METHODS: One hundred and twenty smokers at two sites were enrolled in a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, 10-week smoking cessation trial with fluoxetine and behavioral treatment. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale were administered prior to treatment initiation. Self-report measures were used to assess psychiatric symptoms throughout treatment and during a 6-month follow-up period. RESULTS: Overall 62.3% of our sample were diagnosed with a lifetime mood, anxiety or substance use disorder despite stringent study exclusion criteria. Lifetime comorbidity was shown to be related to higher smoking rates and nicotine dependence, depressed mood and greater self-report of anxiety and stress. Lifetime comorbidity, however, alone or in combination with treatment condition, failed to predict treatment outcome (at posttreatment or follow-up). Baseline depression scores (Beck Depression Inventory, BDI) were related to treatment outcome only for smokers without a positive history of any psychiatric disorder or depression, with lower BDI scores more frequent in those who were abstinent. CONCLUSIONS: High prevalence rates of lifetime psychiatric illness and substance use disorders are reported for chronic smokers. Subsyndromal psychiatric symptoms may play a role in smoking behavior in combination with diagnosable disorders. Clinicians need to carefully assess both psychiatric diagnoses and symptoms in chronic smokers to optimize patient-treatment matching.
Asunto(s)
Trastorno Depresivo/complicaciones , Fumar/terapia , Tabaquismo/complicaciones , Tabaquismo/terapia , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Comorbilidad , Trastorno Depresivo/epidemiología , Método Doble Ciego , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevalencia , Cese del Hábito de Fumar , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Tabaquismo/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
The prevalence of skin-picking and its associated characteristics were documented in a nonclinical sample of 105 college students. Subjects completed a self-report skin-picking inventory and several paper-and-pencil scales. Students who endorsed skin-picking were compared to a clinical sample of self-injurious skin-pickers (n = 31) reported on previously. Of the student subjects, 78.1% (n = 82) endorsed some degree of skin-picking and four subjects satisfied criteria for severe, self-injurious picking. Student subjects significantly differed from the clinical sample-of self-injurious skin-pickers in the duration, focus, and extent of picking, techniques used, reasons for picking, associated emotions, and picking sequelae.
Asunto(s)
Conducta Autodestructiva/diagnóstico , Piel/lesiones , Estudiantes/psicología , Adolescente , Adulto , Imagen Corporal , Estudios Transversales , Emociones , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , Masculino , Massachusetts , Persona de Mediana Edad , Motivación , Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo/diagnóstico , Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo/epidemiología , Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo/psicología , Valores de Referencia , Conducta Autodestructiva/epidemiología , Conducta Autodestructiva/psicología , Estudiantes/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Repetitive skin picking, a self-injurious behavior that may cause severe tissue damage, has received scant empirical attention. The authors examined the demographics, phenomenology, and associated psychopathology in a series of 31 subjects with this problem. METHOD: Subjects were administered the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV for Axis I and Axis II disorders. They also completed several mood questionnaires and a new self-report inventory designed to assess phenomenology, triggers, cognitions, emotions, and consequences associated with skin picking. RESULTS: The mean age at onset on self-injurious skin picking was 15 years, and the mean duration of illness was 21 years. All subjects picked at more than one body area, and the most frequent sites of skin picking were pimples and scabs (87%). The most common comorbid Axis I diagnoses were obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD; 52%), alcohol abuse/dependence (39%), and body dysmorphic disorder (32%). Forty-eight percent (N = 15) of the subjects met criteria for at least one mood disorder, and 65% (N = 20) for at least one anxiety disorder. The most common Axis II disorders were obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (48%) and borderline personality disorder (26%). CONCLUSION: Self-injurious skin picking is a severe and chronic psychiatric and dermatologic problem associated with high rates of psychiatric comorbidity. It may be conceptualized as a variant of OCD or impulse-control disorder with self-injurious features and may, in some cases, represent an attempt to regulate intense emotions.
Asunto(s)
Conducta Autodestructiva/diagnóstico , Piel/lesiones , Adolescente , Adulto , Alcoholismo/diagnóstico , Alcoholismo/epidemiología , Trastornos de Ansiedad/diagnóstico , Trastornos de Ansiedad/epidemiología , Comorbilidad , Trastornos Disruptivos, del Control de Impulso y de la Conducta/diagnóstico , Trastornos Disruptivos, del Control de Impulso y de la Conducta/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Trastornos Mentales/diagnóstico , Trastornos Mentales/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Trastornos del Humor/diagnóstico , Trastornos del Humor/epidemiología , Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo/diagnóstico , Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo/epidemiología , Trastornos de la Personalidad/diagnóstico , Trastornos de la Personalidad/epidemiología , Inventario de Personalidad , Escalas de Valoración Psiquiátrica , Conducta Autodestructiva/epidemiología , Conducta Autodestructiva/psicología , Enfermedades de la Piel/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de la Piel/epidemiología , Enfermedades de la Piel/psicología , Trastornos Somatomorfos/diagnóstico , Trastornos Somatomorfos/epidemiología , Trastorno de Movimiento Estereotipado/diagnóstico , Trastorno de Movimiento Estereotipado/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Previous neuropsychological studies of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have indicated impaired executive functioning and nonverbal memory. The extent to which impaired executive functioning impacts nonverbal memory has not been established. The current study investigated the mediating effects of organizational strategies used when copying a figure on subsequent nonverbal memory for that figure. METHODS: We examined neuropsychological performance in 20 unmedicated subjects with OCD and 20 matched normal control subjects. Subjects were administered the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (RCFT) and neuropsychological tests assessing various aspects of executive function. RESULTS: OCD subjects differed significantly from healthy control subjects in the organizational strategies used to copy the RCFT figure, and they recalled significantly less information on both immediate and delayed testing. Multiple regression analyses indicated that group differences in immediate percent recall were significantly mediated by copy organizational strategies. Further exploratory analyses indicated that organizational problems in OCD may be related to difficulties shifting mental and/or spatial set. CONCLUSIONS: Immediate nonverbal memory problems in OCD subjects were mediated by impaired organizational strategies used during the initial copy of the RCFT figure. Thus, the primary deficit was one affecting executive function, which then had a secondary effect on immediate memory. These findings are consistent with current theories proposing frontal-striatal system dysfunction in OCD.
Asunto(s)
Memoria/fisiología , Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo/fisiopatología , Solución de Problemas/fisiología , Desempeño Psicomotor/fisiología , Adulto , Análisis de Varianza , Atención/fisiología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Femenino , Humanos , Inhibición Psicológica , Masculino , Modelos Psicológicos , Pruebas Neuropsicológicas , Reconocimiento Visual de Modelos/fisiología , Análisis de Regresión , Disposición en Psicología , Factores de Tiempo , Volición/fisiologíaAsunto(s)
Imagen Corporal , Deluciones/tratamiento farmacológico , Fluvoxamina/uso terapéutico , Inhibidores Selectivos de la Recaptación de Serotonina/uso terapéutico , Conducta Autodestructiva/tratamiento farmacológico , Piel/lesiones , Deluciones/psicología , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo/tratamiento farmacológico , Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo/psicología , Conducta Autodestructiva/psicologíaRESUMEN
Fluoxetine's effect (30 mg, 60 mg, and placebo) on postcessation weight gain was studied among participants from a randomized, double-blind 10-week smoking cessation trial who met strict criteria for abstinence and drug levels. It was hypothesized that (a) fluoxetine would dose-dependently suppress postcessation weight gain and (b) drug discontinuation would produce dose-dependent weight rebound. During the on-drug phase, placebo participants gained weight linearly (M = 2.61 kg). exceeding both fluoxetine groups (30-mg group M = 1.33 kg, 60-mg group M = 1.25 kg). Weight suppression was initially greater for 60 mg than 30 mg, but both were followed by weight gain. Six months off drug produced greater dose-dependent weight rebound for 60 mg than 30 mg or placebo. Considering both on- and off-drug phases, weight gain for 60 mg of fluoxetine (M = 6.5 kg) was comparable with that for placebo (M = 4.7 kg) but greater than that for 30 mg (M = 3.6 kg). Fluoxetine appears to forestall postcessation weight gain, allowing time for the weight-conscious smoker to focus on quitting smoking rather than on preventing weight gain.
Asunto(s)
Fluoxetina/farmacología , Inhibidores Selectivos de la Recaptación de Serotonina/farmacología , Cese del Hábito de Fumar/psicología , Aumento de Peso/efectos de los fármacos , Adulto , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Método Doble Ciego , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , RecurrenciaRESUMEN
Trichotillomania is a little-known disorder with wider prevalence and more significant consequences than previously believed. While sharing similarities with obsessive-compulsive disorder, compelling differences from it have also been noted. This fact, coupled with recognized overlap with other obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders, has resulted in the ongoing evolution of our conceptualization of this illness. While empirical evidence supports the use of behavioral treatment and pharmacotherapy, considerable research is still needed before we can promise highly effective interventions tailored to the individual hairpuller. This review will summarize the evidence supporting, as well as challenging, a hypothesized link with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Current treatment approaches will be reviewed, as well as evidence for their efficacy. Suggestions will be made for future directions in this field.
Asunto(s)
Tricotilomanía , Animales , Antidepresivos/uso terapéutico , Terapia Conductista/métodos , Terapia Conductista/normas , Encéfalo/fisiopatología , Ensayos Clínicos como Asunto , Comorbilidad , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Salud de la Familia , Humanos , Motivación , Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo/clasificación , Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo/fisiopatología , Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo/psicología , Inhibidores Selectivos de la Recaptación de Serotonina/uso terapéutico , Terminología como Asunto , Tricotilomanía/clasificación , Tricotilomanía/epidemiología , Tricotilomanía/fisiopatología , Tricotilomanía/psicología , Tricotilomanía/terapiaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The authors' goal was to assess naturalistic treatment outcome in trichotillomania. METHOD: Sixty-three patients who had been treated in a specialty clinic for trichotillomania over a period of 6 years were contacted. The patients were given paper-and-pencil instruments that assessed current severity of hairpulling, depression, anxiety, self-esteem, and psychosocial functioning. RESULTS: Significant mean improvement was found on measures of hairpulling, depression, anxiety, self-esteem, and psychosocial functioning. Improvement in hairpulling was associated with greater depression at the time of their index clinic evaluation as well as more improvement in depression after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: State-of-the-art behavioral and pharmacological treatments offer substantial clinical benefit to patients with trichotillomania, both in hairpulling symptoms and ancillary measures of functioning.
Asunto(s)
Tricotilomanía/terapia , Adolescente , Adulto , Edad de Inicio , Terapia Conductista , Terapia Combinada , Comorbilidad , Trastorno Depresivo/psicología , Trastorno Depresivo/terapia , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Satisfacción del Paciente , Escalas de Valoración Psiquiátrica , Estudios Retrospectivos , Inhibidores Selectivos de la Recaptación de Serotonina/uso terapéutico , Perfil de Impacto de Enfermedad , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Resultado del Tratamiento , Tricotilomanía/tratamiento farmacológico , Tricotilomanía/psicologíaRESUMEN
A morphometric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study compared volumes of brain structures in 10 female subjects with trichotillomania (repetitive hair-pulling) versus 10 normal controls matched for sex, age, handedness, and education. Three-dimensional MRI scans were blindly normalized and segmented using well-characterized semiautomated intensity and differential contour algorithms by signal intensity-frequency histograms. Consistent with one a priori hypothesis, left putamen volume was found to be significantly smaller in trichotillomania subjects as compared with normal matched controls. This is the first report of a structural brain abnormality in trichotillomania. Results are discussed in terms of putative relationships between trichotillomania, Tourette's syndrome, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Asunto(s)
Ganglios Basales/patología , Procesamiento de Imagen Asistido por Computador , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Tricotilomanía/diagnóstico , Adulto , Algoritmos , Núcleo Caudado/patología , Estudios de Cohortes , Cuerpo Estriado/patología , Dominancia Cerebral/fisiología , Femenino , Globo Pálido/patología , Humanos , Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo/diagnóstico , Putamen/patología , Valores de ReferenciaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Trichotillomania (TTM) or compulsive hairpulling is a cyclical disorder that presents predominantly in females. Anecdotal reports of symptom worsening in the premenstruum and during pregnancy led us to retrospectively study the role of these events in hairpulling behavior. METHODS: Questionnaires assessing demographics, current hairpulling behavior, and the reported effects of menstruation and pregnancy on urges, actual hairpulling and behavioral control were administered to clinic patients and volunteers at a hairpulling conference. The MGH Hairpulling Scale, Beck Depression Inventory and Beck Anxiety Inventory were also completed. Data from 59 hairpullers were analyzed. RESULTS: Premenstrual symptom exacerbation was reported for actual hairpulling urge intensity and frequency, and ability to control pulling and was alleviated during menstruation and shortly thereafter. The impact of pregnancy was less unidirectional, with both symptom exacerbation and lessening reported. CONCLUSIONS: The menstrual cycle appears to affect compulsive hairpulling and deserves recognition in both the assessment and treatment of this disorder. The impact of pregnancy on TTM is less clear.
Asunto(s)
Ciclo Menstrual/psicología , Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo/psicología , Embarazo/psicología , Tricotilomanía/psicología , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Inventario de Personalidad , Síndrome Premenstrual/psicología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Several studies have shown an association between smoking and major depressive disorder (MDD), but few have prospectively examined subjects who develop MDD after quitting smoking. This descriptive study evaluated the development of MDD after smoking cessation, as assessed by a structured clinical interview at both baseline and the end of treatment. METHOD: Nondepressed participants (N = 114) in a trial investigating the effect of fluoxetine on smoking cessation were administered the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R at baseline and posttreatment to evaluate the impact of quitting smoking on the development of MDD. Depressive symptoms were additionally assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. RESULTS: At baseline, 32% of the subjects reported a history of MDD. Sixty-nine subjects completed the SCID at baseline and posttreatment. At posttreatment, 5 subjects (7%) met threshold criteria for MDD; none were taking the highest dose of fluoxetine (60 mg), 4 were taking 30 mg, and 1 was taking placebo. All 5 had a history of MDD; 3 were women. Four had a history of substance abuse and attained at least 3 consecutive biochemically verified weeks of smoking abstinence. Those who developed MDD after treatment scored significantly higher on measures of depressed mood at baseline than those who did not develop MDD after smoking-cessation treatment. CONCLUSION: The results from this descriptive study suggest that a subset of smokers may be at risk for developing MDD after smoking cessation.
Asunto(s)
Trastorno Depresivo/etiología , Cese del Hábito de Fumar , Terapia Conductista , Trastorno Depresivo/diagnóstico , Trastorno Depresivo/epidemiología , Método Doble Ciego , Fluoxetina/farmacología , Fluoxetina/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Inventario de Personalidad , Placebos , Escalas de Valoración Psiquiátrica , Factores de Riesgo , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Prevención del Hábito de Fumar , Síndrome de Abstinencia a Sustancias/epidemiología , Síndrome de Abstinencia a Sustancias/etiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: A previous pilot study of only posterior brain regions found lower white-matter volume in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder than in normal control subjects. We used new cohorts of patients and matched normal control subjects to study whole-brain volume differences between these groups with magnetic resonance imaging-based morphometry. METHODS: Ten female patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and 10 female control subjects, matched for handedness, age, weight, education, and verbal IQ, underwent magnetic resonance imaging with a 3-dimensional volumetric protocol. Scans were blindly normalized and segmented by means of well-characterized semiautomated intensity contour mapping and differential intensity contour algorithms. Brain structures investigated included the cerebral hemispheres, cerebral cortex, diencephalon, caudate, putamen, globus pallidus, hippocampus amygdala, third and fourth ventricles, corpus callosum, operculum, cerebellum, and brain stem. Anterior to posterior neocortical regions, including precallosum, anterior pericallosum, posterior pericallosum, and retrocallosum, with adjacent white matter were also measured. Volumes found different between groups were correlated with Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale score and Rey-Osterieth Complex Figure Test measures. RESULTS: Confirming results of our earlier pilot study and expanding the findings to the whole brain, patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder had significantly less total white matter but, in addition, significantly greater total cortex and opercular volumes. Severity of obsessive-compulsive disorder and nonverbal immediate memory correlated with opercular volume. CONCLUSIONS: Replication of volumetric white-matter differences suggests a widely distributed structural brain abnormality in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Whereas determining the etiogenesis may require research at a microscopic level, understanding its functional significance can be further explored via functional neuroimaging and neuropsychological studies.
Asunto(s)
Encéfalo/anatomía & histología , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo/diagnóstico , Adulto , Núcleo Caudado/anatomía & histología , Cuerpo Calloso/anatomía & histología , Femenino , Lateralidad Funcional , Humanos , Pruebas Neuropsicológicas , Escalas de Valoración Psiquiátrica , Índice de Severidad de la EnfermedadAsunto(s)
Tricotilomanía/psicología , Adolescente , Adulto , Atención/fisiología , Femenino , Humanos , Memoria/fisiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pruebas Neuropsicológicas , Escalas de Valoración Psiquiátrica , Desempeño Psicomotor/fisiología , Percepción Espacial/fisiología , Visión Ocular/fisiologíaRESUMEN
This study examined recall and recognition memory in 20 nonmedicated patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and 20 matched control subjects. As hypothesized, OCD subjects showed abnormalities affecting delayed recall of nonverbal information but showed normal recognition. These results are interpreted as providing preliminary evidence of a nonverbal memory retrieval deficit consistent with proposed corticostriatal system dysfunction in OCD.
Asunto(s)
Cognición/fisiología , Recuerdo Mental , Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo/psicología , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Pruebas Neuropsicológicas , Escalas de Valoración Psiquiátrica , Conducta VerbalRESUMEN
We developed the MGH Hairpulling Scale to provide a brief, self-report instrument for assessing repetitive hairpulling. Seven individual items, rated for severity from 0 to 4, assess urges to pull, actual pulling, perceived control, and associated distress. We administered the scale to 119 consecutive patients with chronic hairpulling. Statistical analyses indicate that the seven items form a homogenous scale for the measurement of severity in this disorder.