RESUMEN
As part of a comprehensive programme to prevent non-communicable disease in South Africa, there is a need to develop public education campaigns on healthy eating. Urban populations of lower socioeconomic status are a priority target population. This study involved formative research to guide the development of a nutrition resource appropriate to the budgetary constraints and information needs of poor households in the major urban centres of South Africa. Twenty-two focus groups were convened to explore the target audience's knowledge, beliefs, attitudes and practices as they related to healthy eating and their views about the proposed nutrition resource (N = 167). A brief questionnaire assessed eating and cooking practices among focus group participants. Key informant interviews with eight dieticians/nutritionists working with this population added to the focus group findings. The research identified important issues to take into account in the development of the resource. These included the need to: directly address prevalent misconceptions about healthy eating and unhealthy eating practices; increase self-efficacy regarding the purchasing and preparation of healthy food; represent diverse cultural traditions and consider the issues of affordability and availability of food ingredients. This study demonstrates the value of using formative research in the design of nutrition-related communication in a multicultural, poor, urban South African setting.
Asunto(s)
Dieta Saludable/métodos , Dieta Saludable/psicología , Educación en Salud/organización & administración , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Pobreza , Adulto , Culinaria/métodos , Cultura , Etnicidad , Conducta Alimentaria , Femenino , Grupos Focales , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estado Nutricional , Nutricionistas/organización & administración , Autoeficacia , Factores Socioeconómicos , SudáfricaAsunto(s)
Pesar , Rol de la Enfermera , Relaciones Profesional-Familia , Cuidado Terminal/psicología , Femenino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
We studied the effects of xenoantiserum to human nonpolymorphic Ia-like antigens upon in vitro antigen-specific T cell proliferative responses in unfractionated PBL populations and at the monoclonal level. Our findings suggest that the xenoantiserum, although it inhibits the antigen-specific response of unfractionated PBL and allospecific T cell clones, does not inhibit the proliferative response to cloned influenza virus immune human T lymphocytes, and therefore may be mediating inhibition by dual mechanisms: direct inhibition of alloantigen recognition and induction of nonspecific suppression. Kinetic differences may explain these phenomena. In cocultivation experiments with a virus-specific clone, the RaIa antiserum appears to induce an OKT3+,8+,4-, radiosensitive regulatory subset of lymphocytes. When adoptively transferred, these induced cells inhibit the TLC response in an antigen-nonspecific and genetically nonrestricted manner. We discuss the various modes and levels of inhibition of antigen-specific proliferation by anti-Ia antisera and their multiple activities.