RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Transvenous electrical cardioversion (TVEC) has been developed for treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF) in horses. The relationship among patient variables, treatment response, and outcome in a typical referral population has not been evaluated. HYPOTHESIS: Patient variables such as age, sex, weight, and duration of arrhythmia affect prognosis for response to treatment and the energy level at which cardioversion occurs. ANIMALS: TVEC was applied to 72 episodes of lone AF in 63 client-owned performance horses, with the majority (54) being Standardbred racehorses. METHODS: Catheterization of the right atrium (RA) and pulmonary artery (PA) through the jugular vein was used for electrode placement before horses were placed under general anesthesia. Biphasic, truncated exponential shock waves were delivered at incremental energy levels until cardioversion was achieved or a maximum single-energy level of 300 J was reached (cumulative energy 50-1,960 J). A multivariate model was constructed to evaluate influence of patient factors on cardioversion energy. RESULTS: Cardioversion was achieved in 71 of 72 episodes (62 of 63 horses) at a mean energy of 165.43 +/- 8.75 J. Cardioversion energy was higher for females than for males, and for interaction terms, weight was negatively related to energy in females and positively related in males. Age was positively related to cardioversion energy in females. No relationship was identified between duration of arrhythmia before treatment and prognosis for response or cardioversion energy. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: TVEC is highly effective in the treatment of lone AF in horses. Although age and sex influence cardioversion energy level, duration of arrhythmia does not.
Asunto(s)
Fibrilación Atrial/terapia , Cardioversión Eléctrica/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Caballos/terapia , Animales , Cateterismo Cardíaco/veterinaria , Cateterismo de Swan-Ganz/veterinaria , Cardioversión Eléctrica/métodos , Femenino , Caballos , Masculino , Factores SexualesRESUMEN
A 2-week-old Toggenburg kid was evaluated for persistent diarrhea and poor body condition. The herd had high morbidity and mortality associated with diarrhea in neonatal kids. Lactose intolerance was diagnosed on the basis of results of a lactose tolerance test and glucose absorption test. Clinically normal herdmates were used as control animals. The kid responded to lactase supplementation. Cryptosporidium organisms were detected in feces of several affected kids during episodes of acute diarrhea. Lactose intolerance was presumed to have developed secondary to intestinal cryptosporidiosis.
Asunto(s)
Criptosporidiosis/veterinaria , Diarrea/veterinaria , Enfermedades de las Cabras/etiología , Intolerancia a la Lactosa/veterinaria , Animales , Animales Recién Nacidos , Criptosporidiosis/complicaciones , Criptosporidiosis/diagnóstico , Cryptosporidium/aislamiento & purificación , Diarrea/complicaciones , Diarrea/parasitología , Heces/parasitología , Enfermedades de las Cabras/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de las Cabras/tratamiento farmacológico , Cabras , Intolerancia a la Lactosa/diagnóstico , Intolerancia a la Lactosa/tratamiento farmacológico , Intolerancia a la Lactosa/etiología , beta-Galactosidasa/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
A double-blinded randomized prospective clinical trial was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of flunixin meglumine and phenylbutazone for treatment of acute toxic mastitis in dairy cows. All cows were treated 4 times at 12-hour intervals by intramammary infusion of gentamicin (150 mg). A total of 45 dairy cows with toxic mastitis were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatment groups: group 1 (control), saline solution, IV; group 2, 1 g of flunixin meglumine, IV; or group 3, 4 g of phenylbutazone, IV. Physical examination and udder variables were assessed at initial examination and 24 hours later. Milk production was recorded at regular intervals from 1 week before until 10 weeks after development of mastitis. Rear quarters (34/45) were more commonly affected than front quarters. Thirty-five cows returned to the herd, 9 cows were culled, and 1 cow died. There were no significant differences among treatment groups in the need for further treatment or outcome. Klebsiella spp (18/45) and Escherichia coli (16/45) were the most common pathogens isolated by culture of milk from affected quarters. The overall bacteriologic cure rate on days 7 and 14 was 64 and 75%, respectively. At the time of initial examination, cows of the control group had higher rectal temperature than did cows of the flunixin group. At the examination 24 hours later, the rectal temperature of cows in all treatment groups was lower than the temperature at initial examination; at that time (24 hours), however, there were no significant differences in temperature among the treatment groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/uso terapéutico , Clonixina/análogos & derivados , Gentamicinas/uso terapéutico , Mastitis Bovina/tratamiento farmacológico , Fenilbutazona/uso terapéutico , Enfermedad Aguda , Animales , Antibacterianos/administración & dosificación , Apetito/efectos de los fármacos , Bacterias/aislamiento & purificación , Temperatura Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Bovinos , Clonixina/uso terapéutico , Método Doble Ciego , Escherichia coli/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/veterinaria , Femenino , Motilidad Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Gentamicinas/administración & dosificación , Frecuencia Cardíaca/efectos de los fármacos , Infusiones Parenterales , Klebsiella/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Klebsiella/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones por Klebsiella/veterinaria , Lactancia , Mastitis Bovina/microbiología , Mastitis Bovina/fisiopatología , Leche/metabolismo , Respiración/efectos de los fármacos , Rumen/efectos de los fármacosAsunto(s)
Infecciones por Actinomycetales/veterinaria , Artritis Reactiva/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Caballos/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades de los Caballos/etiología , Neumonía Bacteriana/veterinaria , Rhodococcus equi/efectos de los fármacos , Infecciones por Actinomycetales/complicaciones , Infecciones por Actinomycetales/tratamiento farmacológico , Animales , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Antibióticos Antituberculosos/farmacología , Antibióticos Antituberculosos/uso terapéutico , Artritis Reactiva/diagnóstico , Artritis Reactiva/etiología , Farmacorresistencia Microbiana , Quimioterapia Combinada , Eritromicina/farmacología , Eritromicina/uso terapéutico , Femenino , Enfermedades de los Caballos/diagnóstico , Caballos , Pulmón/microbiología , Pulmón/patología , Neumonía Bacteriana/complicaciones , Neumonía Bacteriana/tratamiento farmacológico , Factor Reumatoide/análisis , Rhodococcus equi/aislamiento & purificación , Rifampin/farmacología , Rifampin/uso terapéutico , Líquido Sinovial/químicaRESUMEN
This paper describes two cases of infection of the soft palate and pharyngeal wall in cattle. The infections were secondary to trauma and laceration received during treatment with an oral calcium preparation which was given to treat post-parturient hypocalcemia. Clinical signs included dehydration, depression, pseudoptyalism, and fetid breath. Other signs involved the upper respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. Digital oral examination revealed the traumatized regions. Treatment included antibiotics and non-steroidal antiinflammatory agents. A semipermanent rumenostomy was performed on one cow for fluid and nutritional maintenance, but she died from secondary septic peritonitis. The second cow survived.
Asunto(s)
Absceso/veterinaria , Calcio/administración & dosificación , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/etiología , Intubación/veterinaria , Orofaringe/lesiones , Absceso/diagnóstico por imagen , Absceso/etiología , Absceso/terapia , Administración Oral , Animales , Calcio/efectos adversos , Bovinos/lesiones , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/terapia , Femenino , Intubación/efectos adversos , Orofaringe/diagnóstico por imagen , RadiografíaRESUMEN
We carried out a case-control study to investigate the association between the risk of developing cystic ovaries and the concentrations of Se in the blood of dairy cows. Cows were from dairy herds in the vicinity of Ithaca, NY. One hundred and thirty-two cystic ovary cases were identified; a similar number of herdmates who did not have cystic ovaries were selected as controls. Whole blood samples were collected from cystic cows and controls in which Se concentrations were determined. Milk samples also were collected and analyzed for concentrations of progesterone. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the role of Se in the risk of developing cystic ovaries while controlling for other possible risk factors. Mean Se in blood concentration for cows with cystic ovaries (141 ng/ml) was similar to that of control cows without cystic ovaries (136 ng/ml). The concentration of progesterone in milk was significantly higher in controls than in cows with cystic ovaries. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, cows with concentrations of Se in blood greater than 169 ng/ml had twice the risk of developing cystic ovaries compared with cows that had Se levels less than 108 ng/ml.