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BACKGROUND: Bevacizumab is a monoclonal antibody medication used as standard treatment for different types of cancers, one of them is glioblastoma, which is the most common primary brain tumor. PURPOSE: We aimed to assess bevacizumab and its effects on inducing hypertension in patients with glioblastoma. METHODS: PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases were searched until February 13th, 2024 for randomized control trials (RCTs) comparing bevacizumab alone with control or bevacizumab in combination with other chemotherapies in patients with glioblastoma. Data was examined using the Mantel-Haenszel method and we computed risk ratio (RRs) for binary endpoints and 95% confidence intervals (Cls). Heterogeneity was assessed using I² statistics. Meta-regression analysis was conducted to evaluate a possible link between the occurrence of hypertension and mortality or progression-free survival. R software version 4.2.3 was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: 5 RCTs and 1 non-randomized study were included with a total of 1402 patients, of whom 608 (43,36%) were assigned to the bevacizumab and 794(56,64%) composed the control group. Compared with bevacizumab, the control achieved statistically significant lower rates of hypertension occurrence (RR 6,31; CI: 2,13 - 18,65; p=0.000872; I²=54%). Subgroup analysis of bevacizumab alone versus bevacizumab in combination with other chemotherapies tended towards the combination group(RR 2,24; CI: 1,19 - 4,21; p= 0.012497; I² = 68%). Mortality was significantly higher in the bevacizumab group (OR 1,60; CI: 1,02 - 2,52; p=0,040443; I²= 0%). Progression-free survival did not reach a statistically significant difference between groups (OR 1,07; CI: 0,33 - 3,43; p= 0,907923; I²= 45%) and meta-regression analysis showed no significant link between hypertension and mortality or progression-free survival. CONCLUSION: Concerning the treatment of glioblastoma, our results showed that induced hypertension is more likely to happen in patients treated with bevacizumab. Significant statistical difference in the mortality was observed between the use of bevacizumab and control. However, the current data is insufficient to determine a link between hypertension and prognostic value through meta-regression analysis.

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BACKGROUND/INTRODUCTION: Renal denervation (RDN) is an innovative procedure designed to regulate the renal sympathetic nervous system for the control of arterial hypertension (HTN). RDN emerges as an alternative for patients with resistant arterial hypertension. Despite this, the clinical efficacy of RDN is still not fully understood. PURPOSE: Therefore, we aimed to compare the use of renal denervation versus sham procedure or pharmacological treatment in patients with resistant HTN. METHODS: We performed a systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the use of renal denervation procedures and sham procedure or pharmacological treatment in patients with resistant HTN. Statistical analyses were performed using R Studio 4.3.2. Heterogeneity was examined with the Cochran Q test I² statistics. Mean difference (MD) with 95% CI were pooled across trials. P values of < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. The primary continuous outcomes of interest were change from baseline in systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and serum creatinine. RESULTS: Twenty-one RCTs reporting data on 3345 patients were included in this meta-analysis. Among them, 2004 (59,91%) received renal denervation and 1341 (40,09%) received pharmacological treament or sham procedure. Follow-up ranged from 2 to 48 months. The mean age of patients between studies ranged from 50.7 to 65 years. Compared to control group, RDN significantly reduced Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) (MD -3.53 mmHg; 95% CI -5.94 to -1.12; I2 = 74%) and Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) (MD -1.48 mmHg; 95% CI -2.56 to -0.40; I2 = 51%). Regarding serum creatinine (MD -2.51; 95% CI -7.90 to 2.87; I2 = 40%) there was no significant difference between RDN and control groups. CONCLUSION: In this meta-analysis of RCTs of patients with resistant HTN, RDN was associated with a reduction in SBP and DBP compared to sham procedure or pharmacological treatment.

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BACKGROUND: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), affects approximately 18.6 million individuals worldwide, poses an important healthcare challenge. Despite the established efficacy of both high-intensity statin monotherapy (HIS) and moderate-intensity statin plus ezetimibe (MIS+EZT) in ASCVD management, the optimal treatment strategy remains unclear. PURPOSE: This meta-analysis seeks to assess the impact of moderate-intensity statin plus ezetimibe (MIS+EZT) versus high-intensity statin monotherapy (HIS) on LDL < 70mg/dl; Total Cholesterol; LDL; High Density Cholesterol (HDL) and triglycerides levels. Our goal is to synthesize the existing evidence and pinpoint areas that warrant further investigation. METHODS: A thorough literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane databases, focusing on studies that compared the effects of moderate-intensity statins plus ezetimibe with high-intensity statin monotherapy in ASCVD patients. RESULTS: In the 13 included studies, involving 8,592 patients, of which 4,525 (52.67%) received moderate-intensity statin plus ezetimibe treatment. The follow-up period ranged from 12 to 219 weeks, with participant ages varying from 66 to 76.5 years in the MIS+EZT group and from 67 to 75.9 years in the HIS group. Analysis revealed significant MIS+EZT-associated with greater percentages in Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) < 70 (Odds Ratio (OR) 1.76; 95% CI [1.26; 2.45]; p=0.001; I²=73%), LDL reduction (Mean Difference (MD) -5.05 mg/dL; 95% CI [-9.02;-1.07]; p< 0.013; I²=56%;); Total Cholesterol reduction (MD -7.91 mg/ dL; 95% CI [-14.90; -0.91]; p< 0.027; I²=60%); Triglycerides reduction (MD -8.20 mg/ dL; 95% CI [-13.05; -3.35]; p< 0.001; I²=2%;); There was no statistical difference between groups in Drug Adverse reaction (Risk Ratio (RR) 1.19; 95% CI [0.79; 1.78]; p=0.404; I²=0%); and Drug intolerance (RR 0.78 ; 95% CI [0.32; 1.92]; p=0.584; I²=35%). CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis underscores the effectiveness of MIS+EZT in enhancing significant clinical outcomes for ASCVD patients, as evidenced by improvements in a greater percentage of patients achieved the LDL < 70 target, LDL, Total Cholesterol and Triglycerides levels . Importantly, there were no significant differences in the occurrence of overall adverse events and adverse drug reactions between the two groups.

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BACKGROUND: Brain metastases (BMs) represent the most common intracranial neoplasms in adults, affecting up to 25% of patients with metastatic cancers. Primary cancers of the lung, melanoma and colorectal are responsible for the majority of diagnosed BMs. Current therapies for BMs include stereotactic radiosurgery, whole-brain radiotherapy, surgical resection, interstitial laser thermal therapy, systemic cytotoxic chemotherapy, targeted agents, and PD1/PDL-1 blockage, which play a crucial role in cancer immunotherapy. METHODS: A systematic search was conducted through PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases for studies that assess the benefit of neoadjuvant treatment with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors plus steroids and the impact of this combination on treatment effectiveness. Hazard ratios (HRs) were computed for binary endpoints, with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We performed the meta-analysis using RStudio v4.4.2 software. RESULTS: The systematic analysis, including 1,658 patients, assessed the impact of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors on overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in treating BMs from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and melanoma. For OS, eight studies with 848 patients indicated a significant improvement using steroids (HR: 1.978; 95% CI 1.308-2.992; I2 = 62%) compared to non-users. Regarding PFS, data from four studies involving 790 patients did not reach statistical significance (HR: 1.483; 95% CI: 0.843-2.608; I2 = 82%). The addition of steroids did not show a clear beneficial effect on the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in extending progression-free survival. CONCLUSIONS: The systematic analysis underscores the effectiveness of PD-1/PD-L1 blockage in improving overall survival in patients with BMs from NSCLC and melanoma, however, their impact on delaying disease progression, especially when combined with steroids, requires further investigation to clarify their role and optimize therapeutic strategies.

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BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) incidence is estimated to achieve over 3 million new cases and 1 million deaths by 2040. Beyond its physical toll, breast cancer detrimentally affects quality of life, imposing emotional, social, and financial burdens on patients and their families. Statins, commonly prescribed for managing cardiovascular health, have garnered attention for their potential role in breast cancer management. Emerging evidence suggests that statins possess anti-proliferative properties, which could impact breast cancer progression. Understanding the potential benefits of statin therapy in breast cancer patients is crucial for optimizing treatment strategies and improving outcomes. METHODS: WE conducted a comprehensive search of medical databases including PubMed, Cochrane, and Scopus to identify pertinent studies focusing on the impact of Statin therapy in female breast cancer patients. We collected data on All-Cause Mortality, Recurrence Free Survival, Disease-Specific Mortality, and Disease-Free Survival. All statistical analyses were performed using the R statistical software (version 4.3.2). RESULTS: A total of 37 studies and 869.218 patients were included, of whom 136.809 (15,73%) was in the statins group and 745.080 (84%) was in the non-statin users. The majority of the individuals were male 2,278 (84,27%). Statin therapy was associated with a significantly reduced risk of all-cause mortality (HR 0.8635; 95% CI 0.8123­0.8179; P < 0.01; I2 = 93%), disease-specific mortality (HR 0.8462; 95% CI 0.7632­0.9382; P < 0.01; I2 = 97%), and recurrence (HR 0.7638; 95% CI 0.6652­0.8771; P = 0.01; I2 = 51%). Furthermore, statin use was associated with improved disease-free survival (HR 0.8415; 95% CI 0.4220­1.6780; P < 0.01; I2 = 74%). CONCLUSIONS: Our meta-analysis suggests that statin therapy may confer beneficial effects on clinical outcomes in female breast cancer patients, including reduced all-cause mortality, disease-specific mortality, recurrence, and improved disease-free survival. However, further research is warranted to confirm these findings and elucidate the mechanisms underlying these associations.

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INTRODUÇÃO: Em pacientes que foram submetidos a ablação por cateter devido a fibrilação atrial pode ocorrer a recorrência deste quadro. Não é estabelecido o efeito do S/V na prevenção da recorrência de fibrilação atrial (FA) comparado a Inibidores da Enzima Conversora da Angiotensina (IECA) ou Bloqueadores do Receptor da Angiotensina II (BRA). Essa metaanálise visa estabelecer qual a melhor escolha terapêutica para prevenção da recorrência de FA após ablação por catéter. MÉTODO: Foi realizada uma busca sistemática nas bases do PubMed, Embase e Cochrane para ensaios clínicos randomizados (ECR) e estudos observacionais comparando uso de S/V com IECA/BRA em pacientes que realizaram ablação por cateter. Os resultados foram apresentados em diferenças de médias (DM), com intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC). A heterogeneidade foi avaliada pelo I2 e desfechos expressos em riscos relativos (RR), utilizando o software R versão 4.2.3. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 3 ensaios clínicos randomizados e 1 estudo de coorte, composto por 642 pacientes, com 319 pacientes no grupo S/V e 323 no grupo controle. O seguimento dos estudos variou de 12 meses a 36 meses, a média de idade variou de 58.9 a 65.82 anos. Foi demonstrado a redução de ocorrência de FA persistente com uma diferença significativa favorecendo o grupo S/V (RR 0.43; 95% IC 0,25-0.76; P=0.003; I2=80%) comparado com o grupo IECA/BRA. Na análise houve uma redução significativa do Índice de Volume Atrial Esquerdo (IVAE) (MD -5.34ml/m2; 95% IC -8.77,-1.91; P=0.002; I2= 57%) no grupo S/V comparado com IECA/BRA. Não houve diferença significativa da fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo com o uso de S/V (MD 1.24%; 95% IC -0.13, 2.61; P=0.076; I2= 0%) em comparação com IECA/BRA. CONCLUSÃO: Nesta metanálise, foi evidenciada a eficácia de S/V na diminuição da incidência de FA em pacientes submetidos à ablação por cateter, em comparação ao uso de IECA/ BRA. Contudo, ressalta-se a necessidade de realização de mais ensaios clínicos randomizados para uma avaliação mais abrangente de sua eficácia na redução da recorrência de FA em paciente pós ablação por cateter na prática clínica.

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INTRODUÇÃO: Diversos estudos foram publicados avaliando o uso da denervação renal por radiofrequência (DRR) no tratamento de pacientes com hipertensão arterial resistente (HAR). Essa técnica consiste em um procedimento minimamente invasivo que visa interromper a atividade dos nervosrenais via ablação. Entretanto,sua eficácia e segurança com cateter via radiofrequência ainda não foi elucidada. Essa meta-análise tem por objetivo investigar a eficácia da denervação renal por radiofrequência (DRR) comparado com sham ou anti hipertensivos. METODOLOGIA: Foi realizada uma busca nas bases de dados da PubMed, Embase e Cochrane, por ensaios clínicos randomizados que compararam a redução da pressão arterial entre a denervação renal por radiofrequência (DRR) e o sham ou tratamento padrão em pacientes com HAR. Os dados foram reunidos usando um modelo de efeito fixo, e os resultados foram dados em diferença de média (DM) e risco relativo (RR), com 95% de intervalo de confiança (IC). A heterogeneidade entre os estudos foi calculada pelo I2. Todas as estatísticas foram realizadas usando o R software(version 4.0.3). RESULTADOS: Ao todo foram incluídos 8 ensaios clínicos randomizados, composto por 934 pacientes (557 do grupo RDN e 377 do grupo controle). O seguimento dos estudos variou de 6 meses até 84 meses, a média de idade variou entre 53 a 64.5 anos e com 349 pacientes portadores de diabetes tipo 2. A DRR foi associada com redução significativa da pressão sistólica ambulatorial (DM: -6.25 mmHg, 95% IC: -8.83; -3.67, P< 0.001, I2= 52%), assim como na diastólica ambulatorial (DM: -2.67 mmHg, 95% IC: -4.38; -0.95, P=0.002, I2=50%) comparado com grupo controle. De maneira semelhante, houve redução significativa da pressão diastólica de consultório (DM: -5.11 mmHg, 95% IC: -9.19; -1.02, P=0.014, I2=72%). Não houve diferença estatística em relação à pressão sistólica de consultório (DM: -9.50 mmHg, 95% IC:-20.54; 1.54, P=0.092, I2=87%), aos efeitos adversos secundários (RR: 1.86, 95% IC: 0.66; 5.26, P=0.240, I2= 50%) e à crise hipertensiva (RR:1.10, 95% IC: 0.55; 2.22, P=0.780, I2=0%). CONCLUSÕES: Esta meta-análise demonstrou a eficácia do uso da DRR na redução da pressão arterial global ambulatorial e pressão diastólica de consultório, e não apresentou aumentos de efeitos adversos secundários e crise hipertensiva. Esses achados demonstram o potencial uso da DRR no tratamento de pacientes que possuem hipertensão arterial resistente.

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INTRODUÇÃO E/OU FUNDAMENTO: Menos da metade dos pacientes com hipertensão arterial (HA) atinge sua meta terapêutica. A falta de adesão é apontada como a principal causa de resistência ao tratamento. Entre os motivos pelos quais os pacientes não aderem ao plano terapêutico, a falta de letramento em saúde, os mitos e as crenças limitantes (CLs) desempenham papel determinante. Reconhecer e reverter prontamente tais crenças pode ser decisivo para promover a adesão do paciente e o controle pressórico, mas faltam instrumentos que permitam esse rastreio de forma sistemática na prática clínica. MÉTODOS: Elaboramos um Questionário de cinco perguntas (H-5) a partir de análise exploratória das CLs mais frequentemente observadas em ambulatório de referência no tratamento da HA. Cada pergunta do H-5 explora um conjunto de CLs relativas a uma dimensão específica do tratamento anti-hipertensivo. O questionário foi aplicado a 30 pacientes com diagnóstico de HA resistente consecutivamente atendidos em ambulatório público de referência. As perguntas do H-5 são: 1. O que sentimos quando nossa pressão está alta?; 2. Qual o melhor momento para medir a pressão?; 3. Quando podemos parar de tomar o remédio da pressão?; 4. Porque a pressão alta é um problema?; 5. Qual dessas afirmações é verdadeira sobre o estilo de vida? O formato de avaliação foi por respostas fechadas de múltipla escolha, sendo oferecidas 4 opções por pergunta. RESULTADOS: O H-5 foi aplicado na sala de espera antes da consulta, com tempo médio de execução de 6 minutos. A idade média dos pacientes foi 63,9 ± 9,2 anos (sexo feminino: 83%: IMC: 33,1 ± 6,1). N de anti-hipertensivos: 3,9 ± 1,6; PAS media de consultório: 137 ± 17,4 mmHg); escolaridade: 80% apenas ensino fundamental. A Nota Média foi de 3 acertos em 5 (0= 5%; 2= 20%; 3= 50%; 4= 15%; 5=20%) A taxa de acertos por pergunta (P) foi respectivamente: P1= 20%; P2= 20%; P3= 95%; P4= 80%; P5=85%. Apenas 1 a cada 5 pacientes com HA resistente demonstrou saber que a HA é uma condição assintomática ou que a pressão arterial deve ser medida em condições controladas. CONCLUSÕES: A aplicação do Questionário H-5 foi simples e de rápida execução. 80% dos pacientes apresentou algum grau de crenças limitantes em relação ao tratamento da HA.

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INTRODUÇÃO E/OU FUNDAMENTO: O Hiperaldosteronismo Primário (HP) é a principal causa de hipertensão arterial (HA) endócrina e estima-se que até 20% dos hipertensos resistentes possa ser portador da condição. Indivíduos com HP apresentam um risco cardiovascular (CV) de 4 a 12 vezes mais elevado que portadores de HA primária. Apesar disso, o HP continua largamente subdiagnosticado, em parte pela falta de padronização de triagem, diagnóstico e tratamento. MÉTODOS: A partir de processo de revisão sistemática das diretrizes nacionais e internacionais de HA e HP, elaboramos um algoritmo ilustrando a Jornada Ideal do Paciente com HP. A busca foi realizada em idioma português e inglês na base MEDLINE/PubMed. Selecionamos as publicações dos últimos 5 anos. O processo foi conduzido simultaneamente por dois pesquisadores e os resultados confrontados. RESULTADOS: Um total de 3.476 artigos foram triados para HA e 1.238 para HP. Após revisão e confrontação foram incluídas 22 diretrizes de HA e 9 diretrizes de HP. A partir da análise dos documentos selecionados a Jornada Ideal do Paciente com HP foi segmentada em 7 etapas: 1-Suspeita (definidas as Red Flags); 2-Rastreio (Concentração Plasmática de Aldosterona e Renina ou Atividade da Renina Plasmática); 3-Diagnóstico Laboratorial (critérios e testes confirmatórios); 4-Diagnóstico Anatômico (exames de imagem); 5-Tratamento Cirúrgico (critérios de encaminhamento); 6-Tratamento Clínico (metas terapêuticas e ajuste posológico); 7-Seguimento (critérios e prazos de reavaliação periódica). Com o intuito de acelerar a jornada do paciente, para cada etapa foram definidos gatilhos e ações esperadas, assim como prazos ideais e prazos razoáveis. CONCLUSÕES: Com base nas melhores evidências atualmente disponíveis e a partir de revisão sistemática das diretrizes vigentes, apresentamos uma proposta de Jornada Ideal do Paciente com HP, como modelo para a implantação de serviços especializados para o rastreio, o diagnóstico, o tratamento e o follow-up do HA.

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OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that healthy weight status and adherence to American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) guidelines for diet and physical activity would extend to greater executive function (EF) at age 24 months. STUDY DESIGN: Parents of 24-month-old children from the STRONG Kids 2 cohort study (n = 352) completed the Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Function for Preschoolers (BRIEF-P) and reported physical activities, diet, and screen time. Toddlers met AAP guidelines if they consumed at least 5 servings of fruits and vegetables, were physically active, refrained from sugar-sweetened beverages, and limited daily screen time to <60 minutes. Relationships between EF, 24-month weight status, and meeting AAP guidelines were tested independent of child sex, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, weight status at birth, and maternal pregnancy weight status. RESULTS: Weight-for-length z-score had no effect on EF. Toddlers meeting the screen time guideline had greater EF (ß, -0.125; 95% CI, 0.234 to -0.008), inhibitory self-control (ß, -0.142; 95% CI, -0.248 to -0.029), and emergent metacognition (ß, -0.111; 95% CI, -0.221 to 0.002), indicated by lower BRIEF-P scores. Those with more minutes of screen time had poorer overall EF (ß, 0.257; 95% CI, 0.118-0.384), inhibitory self-control (ß, 0.231; 95% CI, 0.099-0.354), cognitive flexibility (ß, 0.217; 95% CI, 0.082-0.342), and emergent metacognition (ß, 0.257; 95% CI, 0.120-0.381). Daily physical activity was associated with greater emergent metacognition (ß, -0.116; 95% CI, -0.225 to -0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Meeting AAP guidelines for physical activity and screen time was related to greater EF in a demographically homogenous sample of toddlers. Future randomized control trials and more diverse samples are needed to confirm the directionality of this relationship. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03341858.

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INTRODUCTION: Falls are considered a public health problem in older adults, and their approach should be multidimensional. Dance emerges as an intervention option that allows different schemes to be integrated in movement enhancement. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of dance on balance, motor function and activities of daily living in older adults at risk of falling. METHODS: Exploratory review of the effects of dance in older adults at risk of falling in terms of balance, gait, motor function and activities of daily living. Searches were carried out in PubMed, LILACS, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PEDro, OTSeeker, full text articles were searched in different virtual libraries (ProQuest, Ovid, Ebsco, Science Direct) and manual search was also carried out. RESULTS: Nineteen studies were found, which report sessions of 45 to 60 minutes for 12 weeks. Dance can be considered a safe intervention that significantly decreases control intervention for balance and gait in older adults. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this work support that dance can be used as an interventional option in older adults at risk of falling.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Las caídas se consideran un problema de salud pública en los adultos mayores y su abordamiento debería ser multidimensional. La danza surge como una opción de intervención que permite integrar diferentes esquemas en la potenciación del movimiento. OBJETIVO: Determinar los efectos de la danza a nivel de equilibrio, función motora y actividades de la vida diaria en adultos mayores con riesgo de caer. MÉTODOS: Revisión exploratoria en torno a cuáles son los efectos de la danza en adultos mayores con riesgo de caer para mejor el equilibrio, la marcha, la función motora y las actividades de la vida diaria. Las búsquedas se llevaron a cabo en PubMed, LILACS, Registro Central Cochrane de Ensayos Clínicos Controlados, PEDro, OTSeeker, artículos en texto completo en las diferentes bibliotecas virtuales (ProQuest, Ovid, Ebsco, Science Direct) y búsqueda manual. RESULTADOS: Se encontraron 19 estudios que reportan sesiones de 45 a 60 minutos durante 12 semanas. La danza puede considerarse una intervención segura que disminuye significativamente la intervención de control para equilibrio y marcha en adultos mayores. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados de este trabajo sustentan que se puede emplear la danza como una opción interventiva en adultos mayores que presentan riesgo de caer.

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Resumen Introducción: Las caídas se consideran un problema de salud pública en los adultos mayores y su abordamiento debería ser multidimensional. La danza surge como una opción de intervención que permite integrar diferentes esquemas en la potenciación del movimiento. Objetivo: Determinar los efectos de la danza a nivel de equilibrio, función motora y actividades de la vida diaria en adultos mayores con riesgo de caer. Métodos: Revisión exploratoria en torno a cuáles son los efectos de la danza en adultos mayores con riesgo de caer para mejor el equilibrio, la marcha, la función motora y las actividades de la vida diaria. Las búsquedas se llevaron a cabo en PubMed, LILACS, Registro Central Cochrane de Ensayos Clínicos Controlados, PEDro, OTSeeker, artículos en texto completo en las diferentes bibliotecas virtuales (ProQuest, Ovid, Ebsco, Science Direct) y búsqueda manual. Resultados: Se encontraron 19 estudios que reportan sesiones de 45 a 60 minutos durante 12 semanas. La danza puede considerarse una intervención segura que disminuye significativamente la intervención de control para equilibrio y marcha en adultos mayores. Conclusiones: Los resultados de este trabajo sustentan que se puede emplear la danza como una opción interventiva en adultos mayores que presentan riesgo de caer.

Abstract Introduction: Falls are considered a public health problem in older adults, and their approach should be multidimensional. Dance emerges as an intervention option that allows different schemes to be integrated in movement enhancement. Objective: To determine the effects of dance on balance, motor function and activities of daily living in older adults at risk of falling. Methods: Exploratory review of the effects of dance in older adults at risk of falling in terms of balance, gait, motor function and activities of daily living. Searches were carried out in PubMed, LILACS, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PEDro, OTSeeker, full text articles were searched in different virtual libraries (ProQuest, Ovid, Ebsco, Science Direct) and manual search was also carried out. Results: Nineteen studies were found, which report sessions of 45 to 60 minutes for 12 weeks. Dance can be considered a safe intervention that significantly decreases control intervention for balance and gait in older adults Conclusions: The results of this work support that dance can be used as an interventional option in older adults at risk of falling.

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OBJECTIVES: To compare surgical (ST) and non-surgical (NST) debridement for the treatment of peri-implantitis in a two-center randomized trial. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-five individuals with 63 implants with probing depth (PPD) ≥5mm, bleeding on probing (BOP), and radiographic bone loss ≥2mm were included. In the NST (30 implants), submucosal debridement was performed. In the ST (33 implants), a mucoperiosteal flap was raised and surfaces were decontaminated only by debridement as performed in NST. Clinical parameters and radiographs were compared at baseline and after 12 months. Means and standard errors were reported. RESULTS: PPD considering all implant sites reduced significantly in NST from 4.14±0.25 to 3.25±0.18mm. In ST, PPD also significantly changed (3.74±0.22 to 3.00±0.29mm). No significant differences were observed between the two groups. For deep sites (≥7mm), PPD was 7.82±0.20mm at baseline and reduced to 5.10±0.30mm in NST, while in ST group, it was 7.11±0.11mm and changed to 5.22±0.91mm (between-groups p value=0.51). BOP significantly reduced from ~60 to 35% of all sites in both groups, without significant differences between them. When sites with radiographic bone level ≥3mm at baseline were analyzed, there was a significant difference between groups in bone gain after 12 months in favor of ST (ST=0.78±0.30mm compared to NST=0.25mm±0.13; p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Surgical and non-surgical debridement for the treatment of peri-implantitis present similar clinical outcomes. Bone levels were better improved in ST than NST for sites with higher initial bone loss. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The treatment of peri-implantitis is still a challenge in clinical practice, since less than half of affected implants achieve health after surgical or non-surgical debridement. Considering the lack of clinically relevant differences between these two treatments, non-surgical debridement should be considered the first therapeutic choice for peri-implantitis, mainly mild to moderate cases.

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The investigation of ecological processes that maintain species coexistence is revealing in naturally disturbed environments such as the white-sand tropical forest, which is subject to periodic flooding that might pose strong habitat filtering to tree species. Congeneric species are a good model to investigate the relative importance of ecological processes that maintain high species diversity because they tend to exploit the same limiting resources and/or have similar tolerance limits to the same environmental conditions due to their close phylogenetic relationship. We aim to find evidence for the action and relative importance of different processes hypothesized to maintain species coexistence in a white-sand flooded forest in Brazil, taking advantage of data on the detailed spatial structure of populations of congeneric species. Individuals of three Myrcia species were tagged, mapped, and measured for diameter at soil height in a 1-ha plot. We also sampled seven environmental variables in the plot. We employed several spatial point process models to investigate the possible action of habitat filtering, interspecific competition, and dispersal limitation. Habitat filtering was the most important process driving the local distribution of the three Myrcia species, as they showed associations, albeit of different strength, to environmental variables related to flooding. We did not detect spatial patterns, such as spatial segregation and smaller size of nearby neighbors, that would be consistent with interspecific competition among the three congeneric species and other co-occurring species. Even though congeners were spatially independent, they responded to differences in the environment. Last, dispersal limitation only led to spatial associations of different size classes for one of the species. Given that white-sand flooded forests are highly threatened in Brazil, the preservation of their different habitats is of utmost importance to the maintenance of high species richness, as flooding drives the distribution of species in the community.

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A dança é um elemento da cultura corporal de movimento obrigatório nas escolas, cuja efetivação é influenciada por experiências prévias dos professores de educação física (EF). Assim, este estudo analisou as vivências de dança de graduandos em EF e a influência do curso em seu interesse pela dança. A amostra foi composta por 127 estudantes, com coleta de dados por questionário.59,8 % dos graduandos nunca praticaram dança fora da universidade; 7,1 % começaram a praticar devido ao curso; 31,5 % gostariam de atuar com dança; 48 % passaram a gostar mais de dança devido aos espetáculos do curso. Conclui-se que a graduação viabiliza o primeiro contato com a dança à maioria dos graduandos e desperta o interesse pela modalidade, contribuindo para aplicação deste conteúdo no futuro.

The dance is a corporal culture element which is compulsory in schools, whose effectiveness isinfluenced by previous experiences of the physical education (PE) teachers. So, this study analyzed the PE students' dance experiences and the influence of this college course on their interest in dance. A sample consisted by 127 college students who answered a questionnaire. 59.8% were never practiced dancing out of the college; 7.1% have started this practice due to course; 31.5% would like to labor with dance; 48% said that the dance admiration was increased by the graduation artistic performances. We concluded that PE course makes possible the first contact with dance to the majority of the students and arouse their interest in dance, contributing to the application of this content in the future.

La danza es un elemento de la cultura corporal de movimiento obligatorio en las escuelas, cuya efectividad es afectada por experiencias previas de los professores de educación física (EF). Así este studio analizó las vivencias de dança de graduandos em EF y la influencia del curso em su interés por danza. La muestra consistió en 127 estudiantes que respondieron um cuestionario. 59,8% nunca practicaran la danza fuera de la universidad; 7,1% empezó a practicar debido al curso; 31,5% quieren trabajar com danza; 48% afirmó que los espectáculos del curso contribuyeron a que les gustara más de danza. Se concluye que la graduación viabiliza el primer contacto con la danza a la mayoría de los graduandos y despierta el interés por la modalidad, contribuyendo a su aplicación en el futuro.

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BACKGROUND: Maternal obesity has been associated with an increased risk for an abnormal progression of labour; however, less is known about the length of the third stage of labour and its relation to maternal obesity. OBJECTIVE: To determine if the length of the third stage of labour is increased in extremely obese women and its possible correlation with an increased risk for postpartum hemorrhage. STUDY DESIGN: This was a retrospective cohort study of deliveries from January 2008 to December 2015 at our university hospital. Women with a BMI ≥40 and a vaginal delivery were compared with the next vaginal delivery of a woman with a BMI <30. There were 147 women with a BMI ≥40 compared with 157 with a BMI <30. Outcomes evaluated the length of the third stage of labour and the risk for postpartum hemorrhage and included antepartum, intrapartum, and perinatal complications. RESULTS: Subjects in the extreme obese group were more likely to be African American, older, diabetic (pregestational and gestational), hypertensive, pre-eclamptic, had a preterm delivery, and underwent an induction of labour. The overall length of the third stage of labour was significantly longer in the extreme obese group, 5 minutes (3, 8 [25th and 75th percentiles]) compared with 4 minutes (3,7) (P = 0.0374) in the non-obese group. Postpartum hemorrhage occurred more often in the extreme obese group (N = 16/147; 11%) compared with the non-obese group (N = 5/157; 3%) (P = 0.01). There were no differences between groups in respect to the following: gravidity, parity, length of the second stage of labour, birth weight, GA at delivery, Apgar score, cord blood gases, hematocrit change, need for postpartum transfusion, operative delivery, and development of chorioamnionitis. After an adjustment for ethnicity, maternal age, diabetes, preeclampsia, preterm labour, hypertension, and induction/augmentation, the analysis failed to show a significant difference in estimated blood loss and postpartum hemorrhage between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: The length of the third stage of labour is longer in the extreme obese parturient. Postpartum hemorrhage also occurs more often, but after adjustments for confounding variables, it is no longer significant.

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BACKGROUND: Paclitaxel (PCT) is a chemotherapeutic drug widely used for the treatment of several types of tumors, and its use is associated with severe adverse events, mainly neurologic and hematopoietic toxicities. The relation between systemic exposure and clinical response to PCT was previously described, making paclitaxel a potential candidate for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). The use of dried blood spot (DBS) sampling could allow complex sampling schedules required for TDM of PCT. The aim of this study was to develop and validate an LC-MS/MS assay for the quantification of PCT in DBS. METHODS: PCT was extracted from one 8 mm DBS punch with a mixture of methanol and acetonitrile, followed by chromatographic separation in a Kinetex C18 (50 × 4.6 mm, 2.6 µm) column. Detection was performed in a 5500-QTRAP® mass spectrometer, with a run time of 2.3 min. RESULTS: The assay was linear in the range of 2.5 to 400 ng mL-1. Precision (CV%) and accuracy at the concentration levels of 7.5, 40 and 150 ng mL-1 were 1.69-4.9% and 106.25 to 109.92%, respectively. PCT was stable for 21 days at 25 and 45 °C. The method was applied to DBS samples obtained from 34 patients under PCT chemotherapy. The use of a simple correction factor, derived from the correlation between PCT concentrations in plasma and DBS in this set of patients, allowed unbiased estimation of PCT plasma concentrations from DBS measurements, with similar clinical decisions using either plasma or DBS measurements. CONCLUSIONS: DBS testing of PCT concentrations represents a promising alternative for the dissemination of PCT dose individualization.

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While osteopenia (OPE) and osteoporosis (OPO) have been studied in various species of aging nonhuman primates and extensively in ovariectomized rhesus and cynomolgus macaques, there is virtually no information on the effects of castration on the skeleton of male nonhuman primates. Most information on castrated male primates comes from a few studies on the skeletons of eunuchs. This report used a subset of the Caribbean Primate Research Center's (CPRC) Cayo Santiago (CS) rhesus macaque skeletal collection to qualitatively and quantitatively compare the bone mineral density (BMD) of castrated and age-matched intact males and, thereby, determine the long-term effects of castration (orchidectomy) on bone. Lumbar vertebrae, femora, and crania were evaluated using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA or DXA) and digital radiography augmented, when fresh tissues were available, with autoradiography and histology. Results confirmed physical examinations of long bones that castration causes changes in the skeleton of male rhesus macaques similar to those found in eunuchs, including OPE and OPO of the vertebrae and femora, thinning of the skull, and vertebral fractures and kyphosis of the spine more severe than that caused by normal aging alone. Also like eunuchs, some castrated CS male rhesus monkeys had a longer life span than intact males or females. Based on these results and the effects of castration on other tissues and organs of eunuchs, on behavior, hormone profiles and possibly on cognition and visual perception of human and nonhuman primates, and other mammals, castrated male rhesus macaques should be used with caution for laboratory studies and should be considered a separate category from intact males. Despite these caveats, the castrated male rhesus macaque should make an excellent animal model in which to test hormone replacement therapies for boys and men orchidectomized for testicular and prostate cancer.

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Aluminum absorption leads to deposits in several tissues. In this study, we have investigated, to our knowledge for the first time, aluminum deposition in the salivary glands in addition to the resultant cellular changes in the parotid and submandibular salivary glands in a model of chronic intoxication with aluminum citrate in rats. Aluminum deposits were observed in the parotid and submandibular glands. Immunohistochemical evaluation of cytokeratin-18 revealed a decreased expression in the parotid gland with no changes in the submandibular gland. A decreased expression of α-smooth muscle actin was observed in the myoepithelial cells of both glands. The expression of metallothionein I and II (MT-I/II), a group of metal-binding proteins, which are useful indicators for detecting physiological responses to metal exposure, was higher in both glands. In conclusion, we have shown that at a certain time and quantity of dosage, aluminum citrate promotes aluminum deposition in the parotid and submandibular glands, leads to an increased expression of MT-I/II in both the glands, damages the cytoskeleton of the myoepithelial cells in both glands, and damages the cytoskeleton of the acinar/ductal cells of the parotid glands, with the submandibular glands showing resistance to the toxicity of the latter.

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Knowledge of the factors that influence youths' choice of racial or ethnic labels will help us understand intragroup diversity, suggest ways in which school social workers can support youth's ethnic identity development, and learn if youth who choose different combinations of labels may be grouped together for research purposes. This study of 2,857 Mexican-origin youth in the U.S. Southwest found that linguistic acculturation, socioeconomic status, and educational aspirations are related to choice of ethnic labels. Implications for social work interventions in schools and for future research are offered.