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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Failed back surgery syndrome refers to a condition in which a patient has undergone back surgery with a poor outcome. This syndrome leads to losses in daily living activities and hinders the return to physical exercise. The objective of this study was to analyze the relation between chronic low back pain and functional capacity and the physical activity level of these patients. METHODS: Cross-sectional study comprising 57 patients, mean age 51.07±12.93 years, who underwent low back surgery. These patients were divided into two groups, according to the presence of chronic low back pain. All patients filled in a questionnaire that covered demographic data, visual analog scale for pain, Rolland-Morris Questionnaire to evaluate functional incapacity and International Physical Activity Questionnaire to measure physical activity level. RESULTS: The following predominated: women (77%), obese (49%), surgery for spinal disc herniation (80%), underwent one low back surgery (52%). Patients with chronic low back pain refer a greater perception of disability and 81% of this group showed an average of 3.53±3.51 points in Roland-Morris. Chronic low back pain had no influence on the different levels of physical activity demonstrated in patients with chronic low back pain and results of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire showed no significant difference between the groups (p=0.54). CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that there were other factors beyond chronic pain interfering with the physical activity level in these groups and further studies to explore lifestyle, physical exercise adherence and other dimensions of pain are still needed. Results contribute to the understanding and management of patients with chronic low back pain. .

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A idade relativa refere-se à diferença cronológica de indivíduos nascidos no mesmo ano (BARNSLEY et. al. 1985). Pode influenciar o desenvolvimento, o aprendizado, os resultados e a permanência no esporte. Essa influência é conhecida como relative age effect (RAE) (GRONDIN el. al. 1984). O estudo objetivou verificar associação entre idade relativa e classificação no ranking infantojuvenil e profissional do tênis de campo. Foram analisados 924 atletas, de ambos os sexos. Para análise estatística, foi utilizada uma regressão linear simples e ANOVA multivariada com post hoc de Bomferroni a um nível de p<0,05 (SPSS 18.0). Houve associação apenas nas categorias masculinas: 14 anos de 22% (β=-0.478, p=0.003) e 18 anos de 72% (β=-0.269, p=0.00). Isso indica que, nos momentos críticos de maturação biológica, a idade relativa influenciou no desempenho do tenista. Em todas as categorias, foi observado maior número de tenistas mais velhos, indicando a existência de RAE no tênis.

Relative age refers to chronological difference between individuals born in the same year (BARNSLEY et. al. 1985). It can influence development, learning, outcomes and retention in sport. This influence is known as the relative age effect (RAE) (GRONDIN et. al. 1984). The present study investigated the association between relative age and rankings in youth and professional tennis. The sample size was 924 athletes of both sexes. Statistical analysis consisted of simple linear regression and multivariate ANOVA with post hoc Bonferroni test to a predictive level of p<0.05 (SPSS 18.0). The results showed association only in male categories: 14 years, 22% (β = -0478, p = 0.003); and 18 years, 72% (β = -0269, p = 0.00). This suggests that relative age influenced tennis performance during the critical moments of sexual maturation. However, a greater number of older players were observed in all categories, indicating the existence of a relative age effect in tennis.

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INTRODUÇÃO: A personalidade de um indivíduo é o resultado de uma complexa rede de influências de diversos fatores independentes como a constituição biológica e psicológica, além das influências do meio social, ambiental e cultural em que vive. Ela é a integração dessas partes que interagindo formam o todo. OBJETIVO: Verificar se existe relação causa-efeito entre traços de personalidade, sexo e lesão no esporte. MÉTODO: A amostra foi composta por 60 atletas com idade média de 15,6 (DP =1,5) anos, sendo 35 atletas do sexo masculino e 25 atletas do sexo feminino pertencentes à Categoria Infanto-Juvenil, participantes de torneios de tênis de campo da Federação Paranaense e Catarinense. Para a coleta de dados foi utilizado o Inventário Fatorial de Personalidade - IFP. Para tratamento dos dados utilizou-se uma MANOVA e uma ANOVA a um nível de p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: Apresentaram significância para a variável lesão com Agressão (p = 0,01) e Heterossexualidade (p = 0,00). Para a variável sexo, houve diferença significativa com Intracepção (p = 0,02); Afago (p = 0,02); Dominância (p = 0,004); Autonomia (p = 0,03); Heterossexualidade (p = 0,00). CONCLUSÃO: A agressividade é um importante traço de personalidade a ser considerado para ser controlada para prevenir e diminuir as incidências de lesões em atletas de tênis.

INTRODUCTION: The personality of an individual is the result of a complex network of influences of various independent factors such as biological and psychological constitution, beyond the influences of social, environmental and cultural aspects where he/she live. It is the integration of these parts that when interacting, make the whole. OBJECTIVE: To verify whether there is a cause-effect relationship among personality traits, gender and injury in sports. METHOD: The sample consisted of 60 athletes with mean age of 15.6 (SD = 1.5) years old, being 35 male athletes and 25 female athletes from the children and youth category, participating in field tennis tournaments of the Federation of Santa Catarina and Paraná. Data were collected with the application of the Factor Personality Inventory - FPI. MANOVA and ANOVA at a level of p < 0.05 were used for data processing. RESULTS: Were significant to the variable damage with aggression (p = 0.01) and heterosexuality (p = 0.00). Concerning gender, there were significant differences with intraception (p = 0.02); succorance (p = 0.02), dominance (p = 0.004), autonomy (p = 0.03) and heterosexuality (p = 0.00). CONCLUSION: That aggressiveness is an important personality trait to be considered to control, prevent and reduce the incidence of injuries in tennis athletes.

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Verificar a associação entre pressão arterial e estresse percebido em motoristas de ônibus. Métodos - O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa e os participantes assinaram o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido. A amostra foi constituída de 46 motoristas de ônibus, sexo masculino, de uma empresa interestadual da cidade de Curitiba-PR. Para mensurar a pressão arterial foi utilizado um esfigmomanômetro com estetoscópio. Para verificação do estresse percebido foi utilizado a Escala de Estresse Percebido-10 (EPS-10). A análise estatística foi realizada com o auxílio do programa estatístico SPSS 18.0, considerando um nível de significância de p<0,05. Utilizou-se estatística descritiva (média e desvio-padrão) e uma análise de regressão linear para verificar a associação entre a pressão arterial e o estresse percebido. Resultados - Os resultados apresentados mostram que 18 dos 46 motoristas de ônibus encontram-se hipertensos e que 100% se percebem estressados comparando-se com a tabela normativa tanto norte-americana quanto sul-brasileira. Ao verificar a associação entre o estresse percebido e a hipertensão arterial percebeu-se que não houve associação entre as variáveis, pois p=0,931. Conclusões - Fazem-se necessárias novas pesquisas para averiguar qual fator está relacionado à hipertensão arterial para que se possa ter um controle maior sobre eles. Além disso, é possível que a percepção de estresse dos motoristas não seja condizente ao quão estressado realmente eles estão. Uma sugestão é a utilização de mensurações de cortisol como uma medida psicofisiológica de estresse, evitando assim, as subjetividades...

To investigate the association into the blood pressure and the perceived stress in bus drivers. Methods - The study was approved by the ethical committee in search and the participants signed a consent form. The sample was 46 bus drivers, male, of a Company Interstate Curitiba-PR city. To measure the blood pressure was used sphygmomanometer with stethoscope. To check the perceived stress was used Perceived Stress Scale-10 (EPS-10). The statistic analyses was performed with the statistic program SPSS 18.0 considering p<0.05. Descriptive Statistic (Media and Standard Deviation) was used and a Linear Regression to verify the association into the blood pressure and perceived stress. Results - The results show that 18 of 46 bus drivers are hypertensive and 100% them perceived themselves stressed by comparing to the normative table both North Americans and South Brazilians. When checked the association into blood pressure and perceived stress verified that wasn't association into blood pressure and perceived stress because p=0.931. Conclusions - Is necessary further research to ascertain who factor was associated with blood pressure so that we can have greater control over them. In addition, is possible that the perceived stress in bus drivers is not really stressed they were. A suggestion is measuring the stress with the cortisol measure, as psychophysiologic test, thus avoiding the subjectivity...

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The effect of multimodal imagery on anxiety and perceived stress was investigated in 46 male tennis players (16 to 18 yr.; M = 17.0, SD = 0.8). There were two groups, a multimodal imagery group and a control imagery group. The quasi-experimental design included pre- and post-treatment administrations of the 27-item Competitive State Anxiety Inventory to assess anxiety and the Perceived Stress Scale to assess stress. Analysis showed a statistically significant multivariate difference between the multimodal imagery and control groups on measures of cognitive anxiety, self-confidence, and perceived stress. Imagery plays a role in handling some specific types of anxiety and stress.

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O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a intensidade e direcionalidade das situações geradoras de estresse para atletas da categoria de base de futebol de campo em diferentes estágios maturacionais. Participaram 18 atletas, do sexo masculino, com idade média de 16,6 (± 0,5) anos. Para a coleta de dados foi utilizado o Inventário dos Fatores de Stress no Futebol (ISF) e a avaliação do estágio maturacional através da idade esquelética. Os atletas foram divididos em dois grupos, maturação normal e precoce. Os resultados dos índices de direcionalidade e intensidade da percepção dos fatores geradores de estresse evidenciaram que não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos de diferentes níveis maturacionais. Entretanto, entre os fatores geradores de estresse, foi verificada diferença significativa entre os grupos para três fatores: "grande superioridade dos adversários"; "jogar com muito calor"; "pressão do técnico para vencer".

The purpose of this study was to analyze the intensity and directionality of situations that cause stress in soccer players in a beginners' category at different maturation stages. The study included 18 male soccer players, mean age of 16.6 (± 0.5) years. We used the Stress Factors in Soccer Inventory (ISF) and further assessed the pubertal stage based on skeletal age. Players were separated in two groups, early and normal maturation age. The results of intensity and directionality index of perception of stress generating factors did not differ between the maturation groups. However, differences between the two groups appeared in three factors causing stress: "great superiority of their opponents," "play with a lot of heat"; "technical pressure to win".

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The purpose was three-fold: (1) to investigate the effect of baseline, precompetition, and postcompetition stress on salivary cortisol levels in top-ranking Brazilian wrestlers (N = 17) participating in a national competition; (2) to estimate correlations among three stress measures (perceived stress, salivary cortisol, and physiological stress reaction); and (3) to compare cortisol concentrations between losers and winners. Salivary cortisol was collected at baseline, pre-, and postcompetition. Physiological stress reaction and perceived stress scores were measured just before warm-up for the competition. Analysis showed a significant main effect for testing time. Correlations among the stress measures were not significant. Analysis of covariance between the winners (n = 10) and the losers (n = 7) was also not significant. Salivary cortisol concentrations increased after the intense exercise of competition. The wrestlers did not perceive any physiological effects.

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