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INTRODUCTION: Patients who sustain a tibial plateau fracture (TPF) have a higher risk of receiving total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Rarely, TKA is used as acute treatment for TPFs. This study aimed to compare both acute and delayed TKA following TPF with matched patients undergoing elective TKA for osteoarthritis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted including patients with either acute TKA as the primary treatment for TPF, or unplanned delayed TKA due to posttraumatic osteoarthritis. Both groups were matched to controls undergoing TKA for osteoarthritis. Questionnaires were completed cross-sectionally. Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score - Physical Function Short Form (KOOS-PS), Oxford Knee Score (OKS), EQ-5D-5L, and complications were compared. RESULTS: Thirty-four TPF patients (12 acute TKA, 22 delayed TKA) were matched 1:1. Mean age was 67.2 ± 9.9 years, 82% was female, and mean follow-up was 5.0 ± 2.9 years. No differences were found for the acute group compared to their controls (median KOOS-PS 73.1 vs. 69.3, p = 0.977; median OKS 43 vs. 45, p = 0.246; median EQ-5D-5L 0.87 vs. 1.00, p = 0.078). In the delayed group, scores were inferior compared to their controls (median KOOS-PS 63.9 vs 78.0, p = 0.003; median OKS 39 vs 44, p = 0.001; median EQ-5D-5L 0.81 vs 0.87, p = 0.008). Complications showed no significant differences. CONCLUSION: Acute TKA for TPF shows no difference to a matched group of elective TKA, but delayed TKA following TPF yields worse results at mean 5-year follow-up. This suggests that TPFs in patients with a high risk of ultimately requiring TKA may benefit from primary treatment with TKA.

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PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of preoperative anxiety and depression on subjective function, pain and revision rates following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). METHODS: A prospective comparative study was conducted, including 349 patients undergoing TKA surgery between January 2019 and April 2021. Patients completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire preoperatively, and a set of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) preoperatively and at 6, 12 and 24 months postoperatively. Patients were categorized into anxiety and depression groups based on HADS scores. PROMs included the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score-Physical Function Shortform (KOOS-PS), Oxford Knee Score (OKS) and NRS-Pain. Differences in PROM scores between the anxiety/depression group and, respectively, nonanxiety/nondepression group were assessed, as well as differences in minimal clinical important difference (MCID) and attainment of Patient Acceptable Symptom State (PASS). Lastly, revision rates were compared. RESULTS: Anxiety and depression groups exhibited inferior subjective function preoperatively and postoperatively compared to nonanxiety and nondepression groups (all p < 0.05), experienced more pain preoperatively (p < 0.001) and also postoperatively for depression patients (all p < 0.05). Significantly fewer patients with anxiety and depression reached the PASS for KOOS-PS, OKS and NRS-Pain (all p < 0.05). There were no differences in the proportion of patients reaching the MCID for all PROMs (all p > 0.060), and revision rates did not differ between groups (both p > 0.96). CONCLUSION: Preoperative anxiety and depression negatively influence subjective function and pain preoperatively and up to 2-year follow-up in patients undergoing TKA. Revision rates did not differ between groups, and there were no relevant differences in clinical improvement of subjective function and pain. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level II, prospective comparative study.

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PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate how psychological factors, including pain catastrophizing (PC), anxiety and depression affect preoperative and postoperative subjective outcomes in patients undergoing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA). METHODS: A prospective comparative study was performed among 150 patients undergoing medial or lateral UKA for isolated unicompartmental osteoarthritis. Patients were categorized based on their preoperative PC and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, stratifying them into groups with PC, anxiety or depression, and those without these psychological factors. Patient-reported outcomes, including the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score-Physical function Short form (KOOS-PS), 5-level EQ5D Visual Analogue Scale (EQ5D-VAS), Forgotten Joint Score (FJS) and Numeric Rating Scale for pain (NRS-pain) were compared between groups preoperatively and at 6-, 12-, and 24-month follow-up. RESULTS: At 24 months, PC patients had inferior outcomes in KOOS-PS (66.9 ± 16.5 vs. 77.6 ± 14.7, p = .008), EQ5D-VAS (63.5 ± 19.9 vs. 78.9 ± 20.1, p = .003) and FJS (73.7 ± 14.3 vs. 84.6 ± 13.8, p = .003). Anxiety was associated with inferior KOOS-PS (65.4 ± 15.2 vs. 78.2 ± 14.5, p = <.001), EQ5D-VAS (64.2 ± 23.2 vs. 79.3 ± 19.4, p = .002), FJS (75.7 ± 16.8 vs. 84.6 ± 13.4, p = .008) and NRS-pain (27.4 ± 24.6 vs. 13.7 ± 19.3, p = .023) at 24 months. Depression consistently resulted in inferior outcomes in KOOS-PS, EQ5D-VAS, FJS and NRS-pain across all follow-up assessments (p = <.05). Additionally, patients with anxiety and depression experienced longer length of hospital stay compared to those without these psychological factors (anxiety: 2.3 ± 2.3 vs. 0.8 ± 0.8 days, p = .006; depression: 2.3 ± 2.4 vs. 0.8 ± 0.8 days, p = .017). CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative PC, anxiety and depression are associated with inferior subjective outcomes both prior to and following UKA. Among these factors, depression seemed to exert the most substantial adverse impact on outcomes following UKA. Patients with anxiety and depression had an extended duration of hospitalization lasting over twice as long as patients without these psychological factors. It seems that inferior outcomes primarily stem from the suboptimal preoperative condition rather than an inherent inability to benefit from UKA. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level II, prospective study.

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BACKGROUND: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a reliable procedure for end-stage osteoarthritis with excellent long-term survivorship, but approximately 15% of patients are not satisfied. Pain catastrophizing (PC) has been proposed as a potential cause but current evidence is limited to smaller studies with short-term follow-up. Our goal was to assess outcomes following TKA in a large cohort with and without PC. METHODS: A prospective comparative study was performed with patients undergoing unilateral primary TKA between 2019 and 2021 with 2-year follow-up. All patients completed a PC Scale questionnaire preoperatively and a score of minimum 30 was considered PC. Outcomes consisted of Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score-Physical Function Shortform (KOOS-PS), Oxford Knee Score (OKS), numeric rating scale Pain, and aseptic revisions. Ultimately, 301 patients were included (mean age 69 years [range, 30-92 years], with 60.8% women). Forty four patients (14.6%) had PC. RESULTS: Preoperatively, PC patients had inferior KOOS-PS, inferior OKS, and more pain than non-PC patients (all P < .001). PC patients had more improvement from preoperatively to 6 months postoperatively for KOOS-PS, OKS, and pain (all P < .05) and to 12 months for KOOS-PS and OKS (both P < .005). Similarly, PC patients had more improvement from preoperative to 24 months for OKS (P = .003). At 24 months, however, PC patients reported more pain than non-PC patients. There was no difference in revision rates (P = .192). CONCLUSION: Patients who had PC reported worse function and pain preoperatively but had more improvement to 6 months and 12 months postoperatively. At 24 months, similar subjective function was noted, although PC patients reported more pain.

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In older patients with highly comminuted intra- articular tibial plateau fractures (TPFs), primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) may be a treatment option. Our aim was to report and rank decisional factors considered by Dutch orthopaedic trauma and knee surgeons that may lead to the decision for TKA as treatment for TPFs. A survey was distributed among 141 experts on traumatology and arthroplasty of the knee. The survey assessed the likelihood of TKA surgery after TPF in various patient and radiological characteristics. The level of experience with this of each responder was also noted. Descriptive statistics were calculated for all items. 141 participants were approached and 68 responded (48.2%). Responders were not more likely to proceed with TKA based on fracture types, impaired mobility, multiple incisions for ORIF, body mass index and ASA classification. However, in patients with pre-existing osteoarthritis (OA) and age ≥ 80 a majority would be more likely to proceed with TKA, with respectively 69.1% and 50.0%. The most strongly considered factors were the presence of pre-existing OA, the age of the patient and the type of fracture, with respectively 55.9%, 51.4% and 42.6% of responders ranking it in their top three most important factors. The study showed that the presence of pre-existing symptomatic OA and age of the patient were valued highest and increased the probability of a TKA in acute TPFs.

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INTRODUCTION: Fast-track protocols (FP) are used more and more to optimize results after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Many studies evaluating FP in TKA concentrate on clinical outcome and medium to long-term results. Since discharge from hospital after TKA is achieved increasingly quicker worldwide using FP in an increasingly younger and active patient population, the effects of FP on functional outcome in the first days after TKA become more important. The purpose of the current study was to compare FP with a regular joint care protocol (RP), with an emphasis on the first 7 days after surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A non-blinded randomized controlled clinical pilot study was performed with 25 patients assigned to a FP group and 25 patients assigned to a RP group. Primary outcome was functional outcome, clinical outcome, pain, and complications for each day in the first week after surgery. Patients were followed up to 5 years after surgery. RESULTS: Significantly lower VAS scores for knee pain, faster Timed-Up and Go test times and more mobility on functional tests were seen on several days in the first week in the FP group compared to the RP group. Few other significant differences were found at 2, 6 weeks, and no significant differences were found at 12 weeks and 1, 2 and 5 years after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Fast-track protocol for primary TKA showed significantly lower knee pain scores and improved functional outcome in the first 7 days after TKA compared to a regular protocol.

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New insert types have been developed to improve clinical and functional outcome in mobile bearing (MB-TKA) and fixed bearing total knee arthroplasty (FB-TKA). A prospective single blinded randomised controlled clinical trial was performed to evaluate 2 types of MB-TKA inserts and 2 types of FB-TKA inserts of the Genesis II prosthesis (Smith & Nephew) in 146 patients with 5-years follow-up. A significant difference (P=.042) between the MB-TKA inserts was found in KSS function scores, but clinical significance is expected to be limited. Goniometry, temporal gait parameters and QoL were similar in all groups. Survival was significantly better (P=.047) for FB-TKA. The comparable outcome and higher revision rate in MB-TKA indicate that FB-TKA may be preferential for the Genesis II implant system.

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BACKGROUND: The selection of presentations at orthopedic meetings is an important process. If the peer reviewers do not consistently agree on the quality score, the review process is arbitrary and open to bias. The aim of this study was: (1) to describe the inter-reviewer agreement of a previously designed scoring scheme to rate abstracts submitted for presentation at meetings arranged by the Dutch Orthopedic Association; (2) to test whether the quality of reporting of submitted abstracts increased in the years after the introduction of the scoring scheme; and (3) to examine whether a review process with a larger workload had lower interrater agreement. METHODS: We calculated intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) to measure the level of agreement among reviewers using the International Society of the Knee (ISK) quality-of-reporting system for abstracts. Acceptance rate and quality of the abstracts are described. RESULTS: Of 419 abstracts, 229 (55%) were accepted. Inter-reviewer agreement to rate abstracts was substantial (0.68; 95% CI: 0.47-0.83) to almost perfect (0.95; 95% CI: 0.92-0.97) and did not change over the eligible time period. A smaller proportion of abstracts were accepted after 2004. The mean ISK abstract score (with a maximum of 100 points) for accepted abstracts ranged from 60 (95% CI: 58-63) to 64 (95% CI: 62-66). The mean ISK abstract score for rejected abstracts varied from 46 (95% CI: 40-51) to 51 (95% CI: 47-55). Average scores for accepted and rejected abstracts did not change with time. The degree of workload of the reviewers did not influence their level of agreement. INTERPRETATION: The ISK abstract rating system has an excellent interobserver agreement. Other scientific orthopedic meetings should consider adopting this ISK rating system for further evaluation in a local or international setting.

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Surgical treatment of giant cell tumor of bone has always been a difficult problem because of its local aggressive behavior. Oncologic results and functional outcome are reported here in a retrospective study of 36 patients, treated by various surgical procedures. The average age at the time of diagnosis was 34 years, and the median follow-up period was 7 years. Twenty-three patients were treated by intralesional excision with local adjuvant therapy, and 11 patients by extralesional excision. Two patients received radiotherapy only. Seven local tumor recurrences (30%) were encountered after intralesional procedures, while local tumor control was the rule after extralesional excision. Intralesional excision with local adjuvant therapy resulted in significantly better functional results compared with extralesional excision. Wide excision was associated with a poor functional outcome and marginal excision with a good functional outcome. For the treatment of giant cell tumor of bone, intralesional excision with local adjuvant therapy is recommended because of a good functional outcome. When applying cryosurgery as the local adjuvant, more vigorous freezing may be necessary to improve local tumor control.

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