RESUMEN
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable malignancy of bone marrow plasma cells characterized by wide clinical and molecular heterogeneity. In this study we applied an integrative network biology approach to molecular and clinical data measured from 450 patients with newly diagnosed MM from the MMRF (Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation) CoMMpass study. A novel network model of myeloma (MMNet) was constructed, revealing complex molecular disease patterns and novel associations between clinical traits and genomic markers. Genomic alterations and groups of coexpressed genes correlate with disease stage, tumor clonality and early progression. We validated CDC42BPA and CLEC11A as novel regulators and candidate therapeutic targets of MMSET-related myeloma. We then used MMNet to discover novel genes associated with high-risk myeloma and identified a novel four-gene prognostic signature. We identified new patient classes defined by network features and enriched for clinically relevant genetic events, pathways and deregulated genes. Finally, we demonstrated the ability of deep sequencing techniques to detect relevant structural rearrangements, providing evidence that encourages wider use of such technologies in clinical practice. An integrative network analysis of CoMMpass data identified new insights into multiple myeloma disease biology and provided improved molecular features for diagnosing and stratifying patients, as well as additional molecular targets for therapeutic alternatives.
Asunto(s)
Mieloma Múltiple/genética , Mieloma Múltiple/patología , Médula Ósea/patología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica/fisiología , Genoma/genética , Genómica/métodos , Secuenciación de Nucleótidos de Alto Rendimiento/métodos , Humanos , PronósticoRESUMEN
Tumor-specific mutations can result in immunogenic neoantigens, both of which have been correlated with responsiveness to immune checkpoint inhibitors in highly mutagenic cancers. However, early results of single-agent checkpoint inhibitors in multiple myeloma (MM) have been underwhelming. Therefore, we sought to understand the relationship between mutation and neoantigen landscape of MM patients and responsiveness to therapies. Somatic mutation burden, neoantigen load, and response to therapy were determined using interim data from the MMRF CoMMpass study (NCT01454297) on 664 MM patients. In this population, the mean somatic and missense mutation loads were 405.84(s=608.55) and 63.90(s=95.88) mutations per patient, respectively. There was a positive linear relationship between mutation and neoantigen burdens (R2=0.862). The average predicted neoantigen load was 23.52(s=52.14) neoantigens with an average of 9.40(s=26.97) expressed neoantigens. Survival analysis revealed significantly shorter progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with greater than average somatic missense mutation load (N=163, 0.493 vs 0.726 2-year PFS, P=0.0023) and predicted expressed neoantigen load (N=214, 0.555 vs 0.729 2-year PFS, P=0.0028). This pattern is maintained when stratified by disease stage and cytogenetic abnormalities. Therefore, high mutation and neoantigen load are clinically relevant risk factors that negatively impact survival of MM patients under current standards of care.
Asunto(s)
Antígenos de Neoplasias/genética , Mieloma Múltiple/genética , Mieloma Múltiple/mortalidad , Mutación Missense , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mieloma Múltiple/terapia , Tasa de SupervivenciaRESUMEN
In this study, we correlated array-comparative genomic hybridization-defined abnormalities with survival in two different cohorts of patients treated with therapy based on high-dose melphalan with autologous stem-cell transplantation (64 from the Mayo Clinic and 67 from the University of Arkansas Medical School) and identified that several regions of genomic gains and losses were significantly associated with poorer survival. Three noncontiguous survival relevant regions covering 1p31-33 and two noncontiguous regions covering 20p12.3-12.1 were common between the two datasets. The prognostic relevance of these hotspots was validated in an independent cohort using fluorescent in situ hybridization, which showed that 1p31-32 loss is significantly associated with shorter survival (24.5 months versus 40 months, log-rank P-value=0.01), whereas 20p12 loss has a trend toward shorter survival (26.3 months versus 40 months, log-rank P-value=0.06). On multivariate analysis, 1p31-32 loss is an independent prognostic factor. On further analysis, the prognostic impact of 1p31-32 loss is due to shortening of post-relapse survival as there is no impact on complete response rates and progression-free survival.
Asunto(s)
Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Aberraciones Cromosómicas , Cromosomas Humanos Par 1/genética , Hibridación Genómica Comparativa , Mieloma Múltiple/genética , Mieloma Múltiple/mortalidad , Análisis de Secuencia por Matrices de Oligonucleótidos , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica , Cromosomas Humanos Par 20/genética , Estudios de Cohortes , Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas , Humanos , Hibridación Fluorescente in Situ , Cariotipificación , Mieloma Múltiple/diagnóstico , Pronóstico , Tasa de SupervivenciaRESUMEN
IER3 (formerly IEX-1) encodes a 27-kDa glycoprotein that regulates death receptor-induced apoptosis, interacts with NF-kappaB pathways, and increases expression rapidly in response to cellular stresses such as irradiation. Animal models, gene expression microarray experiments, and functional studies in cell lines have suggested a potential role for IER3 in oncogenesis, but, to date, no abnormalities of IER3 at the DNA level have been reported in patients with neoplasia. Here, we describe breakpoint cloning of a t(6;9)(p21;q34) translocation from a patient with a myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), facilitated by conversion technology and array-based comparative genomic hybridization, which revealed a rearrangement translocating the IER3 coding region away from critical flanking/regulatory elements and to a transcript-poor chromosomal region, markedly decreasing expression. Using split-signal and locus-specific fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) probes, we analyzed 204 patients with diverse hematological malignancies accompanied by clonal chromosome 6p21 abnormalities, and found 8 additional patients with MDS with IER3 rearrangements (translocations or amplification). Although FISH studies on 157 additional samples from patients with MDS and a normal-karyotype were unrevealing, and sequencing the IER3 coding and proximal promoter regions of 74 MDS patients disclosed no point mutations, reverse transcription-PCR results suggested that dysregulated expression of IER3 is common in MDS (61% >4-fold increase or decrease in expression with decreased expression primarily in early MDS and increased expression primarily in later MDS progressing toward leukemia), consistent with findings in previous microarray experiments. These data support involvement of IER3 in the pathobiology of MDS.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas Reguladoras de la Apoptosis/genética , Proteínas de la Membrana/genética , Síndromes Mielodisplásicos/genética , Anciano , Animales , Secuencia de Bases , Cromosomas Humanos Par 6 , Cromosomas Humanos Par 9 , Hibridación Genómica Comparativa , Amplificación de Genes , Reordenamiento Génico , Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/citología , Humanos , Hibridación Fluorescente in Situ , Masculino , Ratones , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Mutación Puntual , Polimorfismo Genético , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa InversaAsunto(s)
Cromosomas Humanos Par 14 , Cromosomas Humanos Par 4 , Mieloma Múltiple/genética , Translocación Genética , Células de la Médula Ósea/metabolismo , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Evolución Molecular , Citometría de Flujo , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Hibridación Fluorescente in Situ , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Five hundred and seven students 14- to 16-years-old gave self-report responses to a substance use questionnaire, the Norwicki-Strickland Locus of Control Scale, and The Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale. Path analysis revealed that the influence of peers' and parents' use and norms on adolescents' alcohol and tobacco use is mediated by personality, age, sex, and social status effects. Adolescents with external locus of control or low self-esteem "behavior" were more influenced by their peers to smoke. Younger students and girls were more influenced by parental norms than were older students and boys, but only for alcohol and not for tobacco use. Other findings were that girls were not as strongly influenced by their own norms and that girls and low social status adolescents were more influenced by their friend's smoking and drinking. The peers' findings are discussed in relation to substance prevention strategies.
Asunto(s)
Modelos Estadísticos , Personalidad , Clase Social , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/psicología , Adolescente , Factores de Edad , Actitud , Composición Familiar , Femenino , Humanos , Control Interno-Externo , Masculino , Escalas de Valoración Psiquiátrica , Autoimagen , Factores Sexuales , Conformidad SocialRESUMEN
Five hundred and seven 14-to-16-year-old students gave self-report responses to a substance use questionnaire. The questionnaire assessed adolescents' use, preferences, and norms and also their perceptions of their parents' and peers' use and norms in relation to alcohol, tobacco, and tea/coffee. Path analysis revealed that adolescents' internalization of parental and peer pressures is a stronger predictor of substance use than are direct effects. Internalized effects occur by means of preferences rather than norms, and peer pressure is predominantly through modeling behavior, whereas parental influence is through perceived normative standards. Peers' influence is stronger in relation to tobacco use, parental influence is stronger in relation to tea/coffee use, and both are equally important in relation to alcohol use. These findings are discussed in relation to preventive strategies.
Asunto(s)
Hijo de Padres Discapacitados/estadística & datos numéricos , Grupo Paritario , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/epidemiología , Adolescente , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/epidemiología , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/prevención & control , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/psicología , Hijo de Padres Discapacitados/psicología , Café , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Conducta Imitativa , Incidencia , Masculino , Nueva Gales del Sur/epidemiología , Fumar/epidemiología , Fumar/psicología , Prevención del Hábito de Fumar , Facilitación Social , Percepción Social , Valores Sociales , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/prevención & control , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/psicología , TéRESUMEN
The Friedreich's ataxia locus (FRDA) is tightly linked to markers D9S5 and D9S15 located in 9q13-q21. Cumulated maximum lod scores between FRDA and D9S5 and between FRDA and D9S15 are above 36 and 61, respectively, at a recombination fraction of 0, indicating that recombination events needed to orient the search of the gene are very difficult to identify and ascertain. We have established a 1 Megabase PFGE map around D9S5 and D9S15 and isolated a corresponding 530 kb YAC contig. We found that the two markers are 260 kb apart. This result was surprising, since D9S5 and D9S15 were independently isolated, but in agreement with the strong linkage between the two loci (lod score > 35 at a recombination fraction of 0). Seven clusters of rare cutter enzyme sites (CpG islands), which are potential indicators of genes, were identified in the 1 Megabase region by PFGE analysis and YAC mapping. The search for genes around the CpG islands is in progress. To map the Friedreich ataxia locus in the absence of clearly identified recombination events, we chose an alternative approach based on haplotype analysis of patients from small populations with precise geographic and historical origins, such as the Louisiana-Acadians, deported from Nova-Scotia about 150 years ago and who remained isolated for historical and cultural reasons. In this population, a single mutation, associated with a specific haplotype may account for the majority of Friedreich ataxia cases. Haplotypes different from the major haplotype at one or the other extremity can indicate ancient recombinations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Asunto(s)
Mapeo Cromosómico/métodos , ADN Satélite/genética , Ataxia de Friedreich/genética , Desequilibrio de Ligamiento , Cromosomas Artificiales de Levadura , Haplotipos , Humanos , Polimorfismo GenéticoRESUMEN
Twenty-seven patients with clinically suspected acute cholecystitis were prospectively evaluated for supporting evidence with intravenous cholangiography and gray scale sonography. Twenty of these fulfilled criteria for inclusion in the study. Sonography was found to be helpful in all 20 patients (100%). Intravenous cholangiography could be performed in 16 patients (four patients had elevated bilirubin greater than 4 mg/dl). Of these 16, cholangiography was diagnostic in nine (56.3% accuracy). Because of the superiority of sonography and the morbidity and mortality associated with intravenous cholangiography, the study was terminated. Consequently, it is believed sonography is superior to intravenous cholangiography in the evaluation of suspected acute cholecystitis.
Asunto(s)
Colangiografía , Colecistitis/diagnóstico , Ultrasonografía , Enfermedad Aguda , Colecistitis/diagnóstico por imagen , Estudios de Evaluación como Asunto , Humanos , Estudios ProspectivosRESUMEN
Nonketotic hyperglycinemia was diagnosed in identical twins with lethargy and respiratory failure in the neonatal period. Therapy with strychnine (0.32 mg/kg/day) resulted in great reductions in CSF and plasma glycine levels and improvement in muscle tone, respiration, and ability to suck. Myoclonic seizures were partially controlled by therapy with clonazepam. Higher dosages of strychnine (up to 2.0 mg/kg/day) were needed to counteract the increased lethargy following administration of clonazepam. At 5 months of age, the twins' developmental performance remained below the 1-month level despite adequate somatic growth. The twins died suddenly of status epilepticus at 6 1/2 months of age.