RESUMEN
The authors presented hygienic evaluation of ambient air in various districts of Baku city with heavy metals--lead, cadmium, chromium, nickel, copper and zinc. The metals contents of the air were assessed indirectly by their levels in soils of the areas under study. Findings are that soil levels of zinc, chromium and nickel exceeded those of the other metals by a degree. The highest levels were seen in the industrial area that can be assigned to a territory with highest risk for public health. The calculated daily doses of heavy metals inhaled by humans and levels of total daily doses inhaled by adult inhabitants could be risk factors in chronic exposure.
Asunto(s)
Contaminantes Atmosféricos/análisis , Monitoreo del Ambiente , Metales Pesados/análisis , Contaminantes del Suelo/análisis , Salud Urbana , Azerbaiyán , Humanos , Industrias , Medición de Riesgo , UrbanizaciónRESUMEN
Mixtures of cobalt and silver in ratio (0.2:0.4), (0.2:0.2) and (0.2:0.1) mg/kg were once administrated intraperitoneally and intratracheally to white rats. Metabolism of the metals was studied. Combined exposure to metals appeared to influence greatly on their toxicokinetics. The co-action between metals appears during their absorption into the blood--the elevated peritoneal absorption of cobalt depresses that of silver. The reverse relationship is demonstrated during the intratracheal insertion. Such peculiarities of co-action exist during the further stages of metabolism.
Asunto(s)
Cobalto/farmacocinética , Plata/farmacocinética , Absorción , Animales , Cobalto/administración & dosificación , Cobalto/toxicidad , Interacciones Farmacológicas , Semivida , Ratas , Plata/administración & dosificación , Plata/toxicidad , Factores de Tiempo , Distribución TisularRESUMEN
The article exhibits the results of experimental studies in rats of vanadium and silver metabolism after isolated intratracheal introduction of the metals. Radioisotopic indication was used to investigate the processes of the metals' absorption in the blood, their distribution to the secondary depositories and elimination from the organism. A close correlation between specific stages of metabolism was identified, and the leading role of absorption in the toxicokinetics of the metals was established. It was proved that vanadium intensive absorption and transport were followed by its rapid elimination from the organs. Retention of silver at the introduction site--in the lungs was followed by its slower elimination. The data obtained is applicable in determining the site of toxicity effect.
Asunto(s)
Huesos/metabolismo , Plata/farmacocinética , Vanadio/farmacocinética , Vísceras/metabolismo , Absorción , Animales , Masculino , Tasa de Depuración Metabólica/fisiología , Ratas , Plata/administración & dosificación , Factores de Tiempo , Vanadio/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
From the point of view of modern bio-coordination chemistry the study of metal toxicokinetics showed that changes in metal metabolism within biological media under their combined body intake were closely related to their competition for biologic ligands. Formation of readily and hardly soluble metal complexes, governing their behavior in biologic media, depended not only on ion charge, range, and hydratation energy but also on rigidity and softness of interacting compounds. The constant of each element was also significant in metal competition for bio-ligand capture. It was proposed to use a complex of physical and chemical characteristics of metals in toxicokinetics prediction under their combined body intake.
Asunto(s)
Metales/toxicidad , Humanos , Cinética , Ligandos , Metales/sangre , Metales/metabolismo , Modelos Biológicos , SolubilidadRESUMEN
Toxicokinetics of cobalt was studied on rats by the method of radioactive isotopes using single or repeated administrations. Co was used in the form of sulphate in doses of 0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg administered by 4 different routes (intragastric, intraperitoneal, intratracheal, subcutaneous). Good absorption was established in the parenteral routes of administration, the regularities of absorption, retention in the internal organs and elimination of cobalt were determined and mathematically expressed. Clear dependence was established between the doses administered and the content in biomedia. The liver and the kidneys were found to be the organs of highest accumulation of cobalt. Elimination half-lives and the time of establishment of a constant level during long-term exposure were determined. It is proposed to carry out diagnostic examination in the course of a few hours after the work shift. Urine and blood are the test objects in which direct correlation has been established. Delayed elimination of cobalt from the organism under protracted exposure may be the essential cause of increased hazard for man, which conditions the necessity of determining maximum acceptable concentration for this substance.