RESUMEN
The disparity between the number of patients in need of organ transplantation and the number of available organs is steadily rising. We hypothesized that intensivist-led management of brain dead donors would increase the number of organs recovered for transplantation. We retrospectively analyzed data from all consented adult brain dead patients in the year before (n = 35) and after (n = 43) implementation of an intensivist-led donor management program. Donor characteristics before and after implementation were similar. After implementation of the organ donor support team, the overall number of organs recovered for transplantation increased significantly (66 out of 210 potentially available organs vs. 113 out of 258 potentially available organs, p = 0.008). This was largely due to an increase in the number of lungs (8 out of 70 potentially available lungs vs. 21 out of 86 potentially available lungs; p = 0.039) and kidneys (31 out of 70 potentially available kidneys vs. 52 out of 86 potentially available kidneys; p = 0.044) recovered for transplantation. The number of hearts and livers recovered for transplantation did not change significantly. Institution of an intensivist-led organ donor support team may be a new and viable strategy to increase the number of organs available for transplantations.
Asunto(s)
Obtención de Tejidos y Órganos , Trasplantes/estadística & datos numéricos , Muerte Encefálica , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Donantes de Tejidos , Obtención de Tejidos y Órganos/métodosRESUMEN
Real-world medical decisions rarely involve binary sole condition present or absent-patterns of patient pathophysiology. Similarly, provider interventions are rarely unitary in nature: the clinician often undertakes multiple interventions simultaneously. Conventional approaches towards complex physiologic derangements and their associated management focus on the frequencies of joint appearances, treating the individual derangements of physiology or elements of intervention as conceptually isolated. This framework is ill suited to capture either the integrated patterns of derangement displayed by a particular patient or the integrated patterns of provider intervention. Here we illustrate the application of a different approach-that of symbolic dynamics-in which the integrated pattern of each patients derangement, and the associated provider response, are captured by defining words based on the elements of the pattern of failure. We will use as an example provider practices in the context of mechanical ventilation- a common, potentially harmful, and complex life support technology. We also delineate other domains in which symbolic dynamics approaches might aid in quantitating practice patterns, assessing quality of care, and identifying best practices.
RESUMEN
Acute respiratory failure in the perioperative period represents a frequent challenge to the anesthesiologist. The differential diagnosis is extensive and includes alterations on the pulmonary parenchyma, pulmonary vessels, airway, and cardiac system. Occasionally, two or more pathophysiological process superimpose. We present a patient who suffered from a left pulmonary embolism that was appropriately diagnosed and treated. However, the hypoxemia persisted and a second pathology was suspected. After careful evaluation and differential diagnosis, we drained a right pleural effusion, which had been present preoperatively, with resolution of the hypoxemia. There is controversy in the literature as to the role of drainage of pleural effusions on improving oxygenation. We present this case as an example of successful management of perioperative respiratory failure by thoracentesis in the presence of a second concurrent pathologic process.
Asunto(s)
Hipoxia/etiología , Derrame Pleural/complicaciones , Embolia Pulmonar/complicaciones , Anciano , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Femenino , Humanos , Neoplasias Ováricas/cirugía , Paracentesis , Derrame Pleural/diagnóstico por imagen , Derrame Pleural/terapia , Complicaciones Posoperatorias , Embolia Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Embolia Pulmonar/terapia , Radiografía , Respiración ArtificialAsunto(s)
Obstrucción de las Vías Aéreas/etiología , Hematoma/complicaciones , Lengua/lesiones , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Anticoagulantes/efectos adversos , Anticoagulantes/antagonistas & inhibidores , Femenino , Heparina/efectos adversos , Heparina/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Intubación Intratraqueal/efectos adversosRESUMEN
A simple and inexpensive means of creating autologous fibrin glue is described that avoids the potential disadvantages of conventionally obtained material. This improvement may allow more widespread use of fibrin glue for operative bleeding.