RESUMEN
Vorinostat (VST) is a chemotherapeutic agent administrated for various types of cancers. However, it suffers from side effects and chemoresistance that reduce its application. Different nanoniosomes comprised Span 20, 60, 65 and 80 were prepared by the thin film hydration method and loaded with VST. The nanoniosomes were physicochemically characterized using particle size analysis and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The best formulation that was prepared using Span 65 (VST-NN-S65) included vesicle size of 127 nm with a narrow size distribution. VST-NN-S65 had an entrapment efficiency and loading capacity of 81.3 ± 5.1 and 32.0 ± 3.9 %, respectively. Drug release rate measurements showed that 90 % of VST was liberated within 1 h. Cytotoxicity assessments of VST-NN-S65 in HeLa and MCF7 cells indicated significant improvement in the effectiveness of VST, compared to the VST suspension. For VST-NN-S65, IC50 values of 26.3 and 6.6 µg mL-1 were obtained for HeLa and MCF7 cell lines, respectively. In situ apoptosis detection by the TUNEL assay revealed that apoptosis mainly occurred in the cell lines.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos , Apoptosis , Portadores de Fármacos , Ácidos Hidroxámicos , Liposomas , Tamaño de la Partícula , Vorinostat , Humanos , Vorinostat/farmacología , Vorinostat/administración & dosificación , Vorinostat/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/administración & dosificación , Antineoplásicos/química , Células HeLa , Células MCF-7 , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Ácidos Hidroxámicos/química , Ácidos Hidroxámicos/administración & dosificación , Ácidos Hidroxámicos/farmacología , Portadores de Fármacos/química , Nanopartículas/química , Liberación de Fármacos , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Photothermal and ultrasound therapies are novel non-invasive strategies for tumor treatment which are equipped with a photosensitizer and sonosensitizer subsequent activation by laser irradiation and ultrasound exposure. In this study, curcumin-gold-polyethylene glycol nanoparticles (Cur-Au NPs-PEG) were synthesized, and the dual role in photothermal (PTT) and sonodynamic (SDT) therapies of melanoma cancer was evaluated. The toxicity effect of Cur-Au NPs-PEG against a mouse malignant melanoma cell line C540 (B16/F10) was firstly inspected in vitro. Cur-Au NPs-PEG provided a hyperthermal microenvironment and generated reactive oxygen species upon PTT and STD, respectively, with representing synergism effects. Studies in vivo in a tumor-bearing animal also demonstrate the superiority of PTT and SDT in destroying melanoma tumor.
Asunto(s)
Curcumina , Nanopartículas , Fotoquimioterapia , Animales , Línea Celular Tumoral , Curcumina/farmacología , Oro , Ratones , Fotoquimioterapia/métodos , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes/farmacología , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes/uso terapéutico , Fototerapia , PolietilenglicolesRESUMEN
Zirconia, a hard-ceramic, is potential material for bone and dental implants. However, the problem limiting its application is inertness. This problem can be minimized using body compatible and non-toxic organic additives. Organic additives-based zirconia (OZ) nanoparticles are synthesized using sol-gel method. Zirconium oxychloride is used as precursor and water as solvent. OZ nanoparticles are calcined in the temperature range of 100-1000⯰C. Transition from mixed zirconia phases to amorphous behavior is observed at 300⯰C. Phase-pure tetragonal ZrO2 (t-ZrO2) along with reduced crystallite size ~12.7â¯nm is observed at 500⯰C. Mixed phases, appearing at 800⯰C, exhibit increased monoclinic to tetragonal ratio at 900-1000⯰C. SEM images show OZ nanoparticles with ~50â¯nm diameter at 500⯰C. Nanoparticles with ~50â¯nm and ~70-75â¯nm diameter along with nanowires (~8â¯nm) are observed at 600-700⯰C. FTIR band at 500â¯cm-1 along with shoulder at 580â¯cm-1 and Raman band at 148â¯cm-1 confirm the presence of t-ZrO2 at 500-600⯰C. High value of hardness, ~15â¯GPa, and dielectric constant (~57 68) suitable for bio-application is observed for OZ nanoparticles calcined at 500⯰C. Optimized t-ZrO2 is immersed in stimulated body fluid for 1, 2, 4, 8, 13, 20 and 26 weeks. Small degradation in weight and hardness is observed even after 26 weeks of immersion.
Asunto(s)
Sustitutos de Huesos/química , Sustitutos de Huesos/síntesis química , Nanopartículas/química , Prótesis e Implantes , Circonio/química , Sustitutos de Huesos/metabolismo , Técnicas de Química Sintética , Impedancia Eléctrica , Fenómenos MecánicosRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Each day almost 500 newborns die in Pakistan, ranking this country close to Afghanistan and Iraq amongst developing countries in terms of neonatal mortality. This constitutes more than 70% of the infant mortality rate. Among the various determinants of neonatal mortality in Pakistan, most emerge from behaviors and inappropriate practices of mothers, particularly in rural communities. Pakistan has an urban-rural ratio of 12 : 88 and mainly mountainous topography, so healthcare provision to the scattered rural communities of the Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK) has been a big challenge. The objective of this research was to study household practices of mothers regarding healthcare seeking for their neonates in rural and urban settings of the capital district of AJK. METHODS: This community-based cross-sectional study was carried out in rural and urban settings of the district Muzaffarabad of AJK. The study was conducted during the 6 months between July and December 2011. Inclusion criterion of participants in the research was mothers who had a neonate with current illness or illness during the previous 2 weeks. One hundred and four eligible mothers, each from rural and urban settings of district Muzaffarabad, were included in the study by utilizing a multistage sampling technique. To assess household practices, recruitment of the mothers was facilitated by lady health workers (LHWs) and interviews were conducted by them at the household level. RESULTS: After controlling for confounding, significant association was found between rural place of residence and inappropriate household-based practices of mothers. More rural mothers were found to be illiterate compared to urban ones. Tying and cutting the umbilical cord with an unsterilized item, delivery at home attended by unskilled birth attendants, and delay in seeking neonatal health care were more prevalent in rural settings compared to the urban ones. More urban neonates were found to be immunized, dried and wrapped immediately after birth compared to the rural ones. CONCLUSIONS: Findings of this study conclude that low level of mother's education and rural residence are associated with their inappropriate household-based practices for neonatal care. Behavior change communication and strengthening primary health care are required to address the demand and supply side issues, together with collaboration for action on social determinants of health.