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The drawback of intracorporeal gastrojejunostomy using only endoscopic linear staplers in antecolic Roux-en-Y (R-Y) reconstruction with its efferent loop located on the patient's left side following totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (TLDG) is the occurrence of anastomotic failure, even though this reconstruction system is assumed to prevent intraoperative and postoperative twisting of the gastrojejunostomy and lifted jejunum. This case report presents two patients with gastric cancer who underwent intracorporeal gastrojejunostomy consisting of linear stapling and hand suturing in antecolic R-Y reconstruction with its efferent loop located on the patient's left side following TLDG to prevent anastomotic failure of the gastrojejunostomy. After the sacrificed jejunum was created, linear stapling of the greater curvature of the remnant stomach and the lifted jejunum without dividing the jejunum was performed. After removing the sacrificed jejunum and creating a good view of the posterior side of the stapler entry hole, the stapler entry hole was closed from the posterior side to the anterior side, using a single-layer full-thickness and serosubmucosal hand suturing technique with knotted sutures and a knotless barbed suture. No anastomotic failure of the gastrojejunostomy occurred in either patient. Intracorporeal gastrojejunostomy consisting of linear stapling and hand suturing could be an option for gastrojejunostomy in antecolic R-Y reconstruction with its efferent loop located on the patient's left side following TLDG because it can aid in the prevention of anastomotic failure.

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Given that sustained remission is the ultimate treatment goal in the management of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), the decision to stop anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) treatment in UC patients is difficult. The aim of this study was to evaluate mucosal microbiota and gene expression profiles associated with long-term remission after discontinuation of anti-TNF therapy. In nine UC patients who received anti-TNF therapy for 6 months, microbiota isolated from uninflamed mucosae and gene expression in inflamed and uninflamed mucosae were investigated at week 0 and at week 24. At treatment initiation, Fusobacterium sp. and Veillonella dispar were over-represented in the relapse group compared with the non-relapse group. After treatment, Dorea sp. and Lachnospira sp. were over-represented in the non-relapse group. In the relapse group only, a significant shift in gut bacterial community composition was found between week 0 and week 24. Gene expression of ALIX (PDCD6IP) and SLC9A3 was significantly higher in the non-relapse group than in the relapse group. Lastly, we used machine learning methods to identify relevant gene signatures associated with sustained remission. Statistical analyses of microbiota and expression profiles revealed differences between UC patients who did or did not keep remission after the discontinuation of TNF inhibitors.Trial registration: UMIN000020785: Evaluation of adalimumab therapy in mesalazine-resistant or -intolerant ulcerative colitis; an observational study (EARLY study).

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BACKGROUND: The drawback of the delta-shaped gastroduodenostomy (DSG) in totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (TLDG) is the presence of intraoperative duodenal injury and postoperative anastomotic stenosis, which can occur due to a relatively short duodenal bulb diameter. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From June 2013 to June 2019, 35 patients with gastric cancer underwent TLDG with a modified DSG consisting of linear stapling and single-layer hand suturing in our institution. All anastomotic procedures were performed by the right hand of the operator positioned between the patient's legs. Linear stapling of the posterior walls of the remnant stomach and duodenum without creating a gap was performed using a 45-mm linear stapler, considering the prevention of intraoperative duodenal injury. The stapler entry hole was closed using a single-layer full-thickness hand suturing technique with knotted sutures and a knotless barbed suture. We described the clinical data and outcomes in the present retrospective patient series. RESULTS: No intraoperative duodenal injury occurred in any of the 35 patients. The median staple length at linear stapling of the posterior walls of the remnant stomach and duodenum was 41.7 ± 4.2 (30-45) mm, and 2 patients (5.7%) had a staple length of 30 mm. There were no incidences of postoperative anastomotic stenosis. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that a modified DSG consisting of linear stapling and single-layer hand suturing performed by an operator positioned between the patient's legs can be one option for B-Ⅰ reconstruction following TLDG because it can aid in preventing both intraoperative duodenal injury and postoperative anastomotic stenosis.

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BACKGROUND: The drawback of intracorporeal esophagojejunostomy with the double-stapling technique (DST) using a transorally inserted anvil (OrVil™, Covidien, Mansfield, MA, USA) following laparoscopic total gastrectomy (LTG) is not only the high incidence of stenosis but also the presence of intractable stenosis that is refractory to endoscopic treatments. METHODS: From November 2013 to December 2016, 24 patients with gastric cancer underwent intracorporeal circular-stapled esophagojejunostomy with the hemi-double-stapling technique (hemi-DST) using the OrVil™ in antecolic Roux-en-Y reconstruction with its efferent loop located on the left side of the patient following LTG to prevent twisting of the esophagojejunostomy and lifted jejunum, which might cause intractable stenosis of the esophagojejunostomy. RESULTS: In this patient series, no twisting of the esophagojejunostomy and lifted jejunum was encountered intraoperatively or postoperatively. Two stenoses of the esophagojejunostomy occurred. Because neither was involved with twisting and both were localized at the anastomotic plane, endoscopic treatments including balloon dilation and electrocautery incisional therapy were successful in both cases. There were no patients with intractable stenosis in this series. CONCLUSIONS: Intracorporeal esophagojejunostomy with the hemi-DST using the OrVil™ in antecolic Roux-en-Y reconstruction with its efferent loop located on the left side of the patient can be one option for a circular stapling technique in LTG due to its prevention of intractable stenosis of the esophagojejunostomy that is refractory to endoscopic treatments.

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We report an option for delta-shaped gastroduodenostomy in totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (TLDG) for gastric cancer. We detail a single-layer suturing technique for the endoscopic linear stapler entry hole using knotless barbed sutures combined with the application of additional knotted sutures. From June 2013 to February 2017, we performed TLDG with delta-shaped gastroduodenostomy in 20 patients with gastric cancer. The linear stapler was closed and fired to attach the posterior walls of the remnant stomach and the duodenum together. After creating a good view of the greater curvature side of the entry hole for the stapler by retracting the knotted suture on the lesser curvature side toward the ventral side, we performed single-layer entire-thickness continuous suturing of this hole using a 15-cm-long barbed suture running from the greater curvature side to the lesser curvature side. We placed the second and third stitches between the seromuscular layer of the remnant stomach and the entire-thickness layer of the duodenum while suturing the duodenal mucosa as minutely as possible. In addition, we routinely added one or two entire-thickness knotted sutures at the site near the greater curvature side. We placed similar additional knotted sutures at the site with a broad pitch. TLDG with this reconstruction technique was successfully performed in all patients with no occurrences of anastomotic leakage or intraabdominal abscess around the anastomosis. It is suggested that this method can be one option for delta-shaped gastroduodenostomy in TLDG due to its cost-effectiveness and feasibility.

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In totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (TLDG) for gastric cancer, accurately determining the proximal resection line may be difficult. This is because identifying the lesion intracorporeally is impossible, due to the lack of tactile sense, and, in addition, unlike the intestine, the most proximal site of the lesion is often different from the main site due to the distorted shape of the stomach. The aim of this study was to introduce a novel method of preoperative endoscopic marking with India ink, taking into consideration the morphological characteristics of the stomach. Between July, 2013 and April, 2016, 20 patients who underwent TLDG were enrolled in this study. Within the 3 days preceding the operation, after identifying the most proximal site of the lesion on the overlooking image of an endoscope, India ink was injected into the spot on the oral side of this site. The stomach was transected along the proximal border of the marked area. In all cases, the marked sites were localized and clearly identified during the operation, and the proximal resection margins were found to be negative on postoperative pathological examination. The mean length of the proximal margin was 46.0±14.0 mm. In conclusion, this preoperative endoscopic marking method may be useful in TLDG for gastric cancer.

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BACKGROUND/AIMS: Laparoscopic total gastrectomy (LTG) has not gained widespread acceptance because of the difficult reconstruction technique, especially for esophagojejunostomy. Although various modified procedures using a circular stapler for esophagojejunostomy have been reported, an optimal technique has not yet been established. In addition, in intracorporeal techniques, twisting of the esophagojejunostomy, which might be the cause of stenosis, is often encountered because application of the shaft is restricted. To prevent twisting of the esophagoejunostomy, we underwent LTG with Roux-en-Y reconstruction with its efferent loop located at the left side of the patient. METHODOLOGY: From November 2013 to November 2014, a series of 9 patients underwent LTG with Roux-en-Y reconstruction using the transorally inserted anvil (OrVil™, Covidien, Mansfield, MA, USA), whose efferent loop was located at the left side of the patient. RESULTS: No twisting of the esophagojejunostomy was encountered in all cases. In addition, no stenosis or leakage of the esophagojejunostomy occurred. CONCLUSIONS: This reconstruction system may be a feasible surgical procedure in LTG.

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BACKGROUND/AIMS: As sialyl Lewis X is a lignad of the selectin family, it has been proposed that sialyl Lewis X-rich colon cancer cells metastasize to the liver by adhesion to selectins on hepatic endothelial cells. However, little is known about the interaction between sialyl Lewis X and hepatic immune cells. We evaluated the role of sialyl Lewis X in liver metastasis in view of liver-associated immunity. METHODOLOGY: RCN-9, a colonic cancer cell line derived from Fischer rats, and its subclone RCN-H4, which exhibited high metastatic potential to the liver, were used. In an attempt to investigate the underlying basis for the difference in hepatic metastasis formation, we assessed the susceptibility of both cell lines to lysis by hepatic sinusoidal lymphocytes in 51Cr-release assays, and the expression of a number of carbohydrate antigens by both cell lines by flow cytometry. RESULTS: Hepatic sinusoidal lymphocytes mainly consist of natural cytotoxic lymphocytes, including NKT cells. The H4 colonic cancer subclone showed decreased susceptibility to lysis by hepatic sinusoidal lymphocytes, as compared to the parent cell line. In addition, a significant increase of sialyl Lewis X expression was noted in the H4 subclone. Neuraminidase treatment of H4 cells increased their susceptibility to hepatic sinusoidal lymphocyte-mediated killing. Furthermore, rats inoculated with neuraminidase-treated H4 cells produced fewer metastatic nodules in the liver than those inoculated with untreated H4 cells. CONCLUSIONS: Sialyl Lewis X expression in tumor cells reduced their susceptibility to hepatic sinusoidal lymphocyte-mediated killing, and thus, may facilitate the ability of the tumor cells to metastasize to the liver.

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Background. In Japan since the 1960s, patients with gastric cancer have routinely had splenectomy combined with gastrectomy to ensure that lymph node dissection is complete. However, the influence of splenectomy on long-term immunity is unclear.METHODS: Forty-nine gastric cancer patients who underwent total gastrectomy for cure with ( n = 25) and without ( n = 24) splenectomy were assessed for immunologic function, including the proportion of lymphocyte subsets, purified protein derivative from tuberculin (PPD) response, natural killer (NK) activity, and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) response.RESULTS: Peripheral T-cell mediated functions, e.g., PPD and PHA response, were significantly suppressed in patients who underwent gastrectomy with splenectomy compared with those who had gastrectomy alone. Decreased T-cell subsets (CD 3+, 4+, 8+) and increased NK cell subsets (CD 16+, 57+) were observed in patients who underwent splenectomy. Patients who did not undergo splenectomy had immunologic responses within the normal range.CONCLUSIONS: Splenectomy decreased T-cell mediated responses over the long term. As a potential means to co-rrect this T-cell dysfunction in patients with splenectomy, splenic autotransplantation should be considered in future research.