RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether off-pump surgery attenuates microalbuminuria and other markers of systemic inflammatory response to coronary artery bypass surgery as compared to surgery performed using cardiopulmonary bypass. DESIGN: Forty-three adult patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting surgery were operated on with or without cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Microalbuminuria, serum C-reactive protein, and oxygenation and lung function parameters were measured at several time points until the first postoperative morning. RESULTS: The urinary albumin/creatinine ratio was low in both groups before surgery, but reached a maximum level at the end of CPB or just after opening the last coronary artery clamp in the off-pump group (p<0.05). The urinary albumin/creatinine ratio remained slightly elevated in both groups until the morning after the operation (p<0.05). There were no statistical differences between groups. Serum C-reactive protein remained at the initial level the evening after the operation, but increased by the first postoperative morning in both groups (p<0.001). The alveolar-arterial gradient for oxygen partial pressure rose significantly after the operation in the intensive care unit in both groups (p<0.0001). The shunt fraction of the pulmonary circulation did not change in either group. CONCLUSIONS: Off-pump coronary artery surgery did not prevent the acute phase inflammatory response measured in the present study. The acute phase inflammatory response after coronary artery bypass surgery is more likely a response to the surgical trauma itself rather than to CPB.
Asunto(s)
Puente Cardiopulmonar/efectos adversos , Puente de Arteria Coronaria/efectos adversos , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/diagnóstico , Albuminuria/diagnóstico , Biomarcadores , Proteína C-Reactiva/análisis , Permeabilidad Capilar , Puente Cardiopulmonar/métodos , Puente de Arteria Coronaria/métodos , Creatinina/orina , Humanos , Inflamación/diagnóstico , Inflamación/etiología , Monitoreo Fisiológico , Circulación PulmonarRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Ischemia, such as that caused by a tourniquet, stimulates thromboxane (Tx) A(2) synthesis. TxA(2) might sensitize the operated limb to various complications, such as compartment syndrome and thromboembolic events. METHODS: We studied the effect of pretreatment with a single dose of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) (25, 100, and 500 mg) given 3 hours before surgery on the formation of TxB(2), a stable metabolite of TxA(2), after tourniquet deflation in 32 knee or ankle surgery patients. RESULTS: Tourniquet time varied between 60 +/- 8 to 71 +/- 7 (SE) minutes. In control patients without ASA pretreatment, the platelet-produced femoral vein serum TxB(2) concentration over 30 minutes in vitro coagulation increased remarkably (from 40.0 +/- 20 ng/mL to 73.5 +/- 39 ng/mL) immediately after tourniquet deflation. Plasma concentrations increased similarly, approximately threefold. Pretreatment with 100 or 500 mg ASA prevented the increase in TxB(2) concentrations. Radial artery concentrations of TxB(2) were similar to venous concentrations in the different treatment groups. CONCLUSION: Pretreatment with a single 100-mg dose of ASA prevents the release of TxB(2) after tourniquet deflation.
Asunto(s)
Aspirina/farmacología , Isquemia/sangre , Tromboxano B2/sangre , Torniquetes , Adulto , HumanosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: We intended to investigate whether ischemic preconditioning (IP) enhances myocardial performance in patients who undergo off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). DESIGN: A controlled, randomized, prospective study. SETTING: A university hospital. PATIENTS: Thirty-two patients with left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) or two-vessel heart disease (including LAD) who were to undergo off-pump CABG were randomized into an IP group and a control group. INTERVENTIONS: IP was induced by occluding the LAD twice for a 2-min period followed by 3-min LAD reperfusion before bypass grafting of the first coronary vessel. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Registration included hemodynamic data from the peripheral artery and the pulmonary artery, and the measurement of cardiac troponin I (CTnI) and creatine kinase isoenzyme MB (CK-MB) values. IP resulted in a complete recovery of the mean stroke volume index (SVI) after the operation. In the control subjects, the mean SVI showed a significant reduction postoperatively (p = 0.039). On the first postoperative day, the increase in the mean heart rate (HR) was also significantly lower in the IP patients. The CTnI level was statistically significantly lower in the IP group (p = 0.043), and IP patients tended to have a smaller CK-MB release after surgery (not significant). The duration of mechanical ventilation, the length of stay in the ICU, and the use of inotropic medication did not increase after the IP protocol. CONCLUSIONS: Two cycles of regional 2-min IP in the LAD, followed by 3 min of reperfusion, proved to be applicable and safe in patients undergoing off-pump myocardial revascularization, it tended to decrease the immediate myocardial enzyme release, it prohibited the postoperative increase in HR, and it enhanced the recovery of SVI.