Asunto(s)
Atención , Retroalimentación , Lenguaje , Tiempo de Reacción , Percepción del Habla , Aprendizaje Verbal , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Medición de la Producción del Habla , Calidad de la VozRESUMEN
The dichotic listening performance of 40 listeners was assessed for consonant-vowel (CV) nonsense syllables with two procedures. One was a conventional two-ear monitoring task in which listeners attended to both ears and provided two responses for each pair of syllables. The ear advantage was described by % RE-% LE. The second was target monitoring, a yes/no task in which listeners attended to only one ear and listened for the presence of a target syllable. That procedure provided both hit and false alarm rates for each ear, and the ear advantage was described by P(C)maxRE-P(C)maxLE, which is insensitive to decision variables. Although both procedures yielded mean right-ear advantages (REA), the mean REA of +7.5% with two-ear monitoring was significantly different from the mean REA of +2.6% with target monitoring. In addition, although 62% of the listeners had a significant REA with the conventional procedure, only 40% had a significant REA with target monitoring. Decision variables, which are not controlled with conventional dichotic testing methods, may contribute to the ear advantage as it is described frequently in the literature.
Asunto(s)
Pruebas de Audición Dicótica/métodos , Lateralidad Funcional/fisiología , Pruebas Auditivas/métodos , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Fonética , ProhibitinasRESUMEN
Stimulus dominance occurs when one member of a dichotic pair is identified more accurately than the other member. The contribution that attentional factors, listener biases, and other nonsensory variables make to stimulus dominance was assessed by comparison of scores obtained in a conventional two-ear monitoring task with scores obtained in a yes/no target-monitoring task. The target-monitoring paradigm is an application of signal detection theory to dichotic listening that allows calculation of d', a measure of perceptual sensitivity. Patterns of dominance for the two paradigms were very similar, which indicates that nonsensory factors had little influence in determining those patterns.
Asunto(s)
Lateralidad Funcional , Fonética , Percepción del Habla , Adulto , Toma de Decisiones , Pruebas de Audición Dicótica , Oído/fisiología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Percepción del Habla/fisiologíaRESUMEN
This study examined the frequently heard claim that aphasic listeners have more difficulty understanding speech in situations where there are multiple speakers than in situations where there is a single speaker. Nine stories about everyday events were written and videotaped as monologues, dialogues with one dominant speaker, and dialogues with both speakers contributing comparable amounts of information. Eighteen aphasic and 9 non-brain-damaged adults watched and listened to the videotapes. Listeners' comprehension and retention of the stories were tested by yes/no questions following each story. The three versions of the stories were understood and remembered equally well by aphasic and non-brain-damaged listeners, suggesting that listening to two speakers does not appreciably increase comprehension difficulty. These results suggest that factors other than the extent to which different speakers contribute to the topic of conversation are responsible for aphasic listeners' reported difficulties in comprehending multiple-speaker conversational interactions.
Asunto(s)
Afasia/psicología , Percepción del Habla , Adulto , Humanos , Pruebas del Lenguaje , Pruebas NeuropsicológicasRESUMEN
This experiment assessed conditions under which simulated conductive hearing loss would affect performance on a digit dichotic test. Losses were simulated by insertion of EAR plugs, and each subject served as his/her own control. Performance for left ear plugged and right ear plugged conditions was compared with performance in a normal hearing condition (neither ear plugged). Conductive losses did not affect dichotic performance at test intensities 12 dB above the "knees" of monotic performance-intensity functions for the plugged ears (95% correct points) but did affect dichotic performance for some listeners at intensities that were within 8 dB of the monotic knees.