RESUMEN
The patient was a 42-year-old man who presented with dysphagia.Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed a protruding lesion in the lower thoracic esophagus.Pathological analysis of the lesion showed squamous cell carcinoma.Laboratory data showed leukocytosis(21,200/mL)despite no evidence of infection, and the serum levels of granulocyte colony-stimu- lating factor(G-CSF)were elevated to 283 pg/mL.We diagnosed him with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(Lt, type 1, cT4N4M0, cStage IV a).After administering 2 courses of docetaxel plus cisplatin plus S-1(DCS)as neoadjuvant chemotherapy, the patient underwent surgery.The pathological diagnosis was pType 2, T2, N4, M0, pStage IV a. G-CSF immunostaining was positive in tumor cells.After the surgery, the number of leukocytes and serum G-CSF levels decreased to within normal limits.Adjuvant chemotherapy was administered.
Asunto(s)
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias Esofágicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Esófago/tratamiento farmacológico , Factor Estimulante de Colonias de Granulocitos/biosíntesis , Adulto , Terapia Combinada , Trastornos de Deglución/etiología , Neoplasias Esofágicas/complicaciones , Neoplasias Esofágicas/patología , Neoplasias Esofágicas/cirugía , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Esófago/complicaciones , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Esófago/cirugía , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
The first patient was a man in his eighties who visited our department because of anemia. Gastrofiberscopy revealed a bleeding submucosal tumor, approximately 50mm in diameter, in the cardia ofthe stomach. Considering that he underwent coronary-artery bypass surgery and received 3 oral antithrombotic medicines, his bleeding tendency was so high that we decided to choose partial gastrectomy. A postoperative histopathological examination revealed that the tumor was a small cell endocrine carcinoma. The second patient was a woman in her seventies. She had consulted her personal physician because of gastric ulcers; periodic gastrofiberscopy revealed a type 3 gastric cancer, approximately 40mm in diameter, on the posterior wall ofthe middle section ofher stomach. It was histologically diagnosed as a poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma. On a preoperative blood examination, the levels ofhormones such as glucagon, serotonin, and gastrin were within their respective normal limits. Total gastrectomy was performed, and she received oral S-1 for adjuvant chemotherapy since her discharge from the hospital.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma Neuroendocrino/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Gástricas/tratamiento farmacológico , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Carcinoma Neuroendocrino/cirugía , Quimioterapia Adyuvante , Resultado Fatal , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Neoplasias Gástricas/patología , Neoplasias Gástricas/cirugíaRESUMEN
Irbesartan, an angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker has been reported to alleviate metabolic disorder in animal studies and human clinical trials. Although this effect may be related to the ability of irbesartan to serve as a partial agonist for the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ, the target tissues on which irbesartan acts remain poorly defined. As muscle glucose transport plays a major role in maintaining systemic glucose homeostasis, we investigated the effect of irbesartan on glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells. In C2C12 myotubes, 24-h treatment with irbesartan significantly promoted both basal and insulin-stimulated glucose transport. In L6-GLUT4myc myoblasts, irbesartan caused a significant increase in glucose transport and GLUT4 translocation to the cell surface in a concentration-dependent manner. Valsartan, another angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker had no effect on either glucose uptake or GLUT4 translocation, implying that these actions on glucose transport are independent of angiotensin II receptor blockade. Moreover, irbesartan exerted these effects in an additive manner with insulin, but not with acute treatment for 3 h, suggesting that they may require the synthesis of new proteins. Finally, in insulin-resistant Zucker fatty rat, irbesartan (50 mg/kg/day for 3 weeks) significantly ameliorated insulin resistance without increasing weight gain. We conclude that irbesartan has a direct action, which can be additive to insulin, of promoting glucose transport in skeletal muscle. This may be beneficial for ameliorating obesity-related glucose homeostasis derangement.
Asunto(s)
Compuestos de Bifenilo/farmacología , Transportador de Glucosa de Tipo 4/metabolismo , Glucosa/metabolismo , Hipoglucemiantes/farmacología , Músculo Esquelético/efectos de los fármacos , Tetrazoles/farmacología , Bloqueadores del Receptor Tipo 1 de Angiotensina II/farmacología , Bloqueadores del Receptor Tipo 1 de Angiotensina II/uso terapéutico , Animales , Transporte Biológico/efectos de los fármacos , Compuestos de Bifenilo/uso terapéutico , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular , Membrana Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Membrana Celular/metabolismo , Transportador de Glucosa de Tipo 4/biosíntesis , Transportador de Glucosa de Tipo 4/genética , Hipoglucemiantes/uso terapéutico , Insulina/metabolismo , Resistencia a la Insulina , Irbesartán , Masculino , Fibras Musculares Esqueléticas/efectos de los fármacos , Fibras Musculares Esqueléticas/metabolismo , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Obesidad/tratamiento farmacológico , Obesidad/metabolismo , PPAR gamma/agonistas , Transporte de Proteínas/efectos de los fármacos , Ratas , Ratas Zucker , Tetrazoles/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
Colloidal platinum nanoparticles with diameters of 2-5 nm on carbon supports are currently regarded as the best catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction. However, the particle size is limited by the conventional preparation methods that are used to synthesize small platinum particles; the inherent activity of ultrasmall nanoparticles has not yet been revealed. We present a practical synthesis for ultrafine subnanometre platinum clusters using a spherical macromolecular template with no disorder in molecular weight or structure. The template, a phenylazomethine dendrimer, offers control of the number of metal complexes in an assembly through stepwise complexation, allowing the complexes to accumulate in discrete nano-cages. Subsequent reduction of Pt(IV) chloride to Pt(0) results in the formation of platinum clusters composed of a defined number of atoms. As a result of exceptionally small particle size, the clusters exhibit very high catalytic activity for the four-electron reduction of oxygen molecules.
RESUMEN
[structure: see text] A new type of phenylazomethine dendrimer with a tetraphenylmethane core was synthesized by a convergent method. The properties of the dendrimer were confirmed by thermal, rheological, TEM, and AFM measurements. A stepwise radial complexation was clearly observed with SnCl(2).