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AIM: The purpose of the present study was to compare the efficacy of three different file systems in removing gutta-percha during endodontic retreatment with or without solvents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The current study used 120 freshly extracted, single-rooted human mandibular premolars extracted for orthodontic procedures. The canal was prepared utilizing the step-back technique and obturation was done. The samples were allocated into three experimental groups at random, group I: Hedstrom Files, group II: D-RaCe rotary system, and group III: Mtwo retreatment files system. The three groups were again split into two subgroups of 20 samples each, i.e., with solvent and without solvent. Then, a stereomicroscope with a magnification of × 20 was used to examine the samples. The amount of GP and sealer left was measured in three sections: At apical third (1 mm above the apex), middle third (8 mm from the apex), and coronal third (2 mm below the cementoenamel junction). The obtained data were analyzed using parametric Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). p-values less than 0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS: The overall least debris on the dentinal surface was found in the middle third with/without solvent. The D-RaCe rotary system was 1.24 ± 0.11 and 1.44 ± 0.14, Mtwo retreatment files system was 1.38 ± 0.17 and 1.72 ± 0.09 and Hedstrom files was 2.08 ± 0.21 and 2.18 ± 0.16 respectively and A significant difference was found between the three different file system groups (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The current study concluded that, when combined with a solvent, the D-RaCe rotary retreatment system is more effective than the Mtwo rotary retreatment system and Hedstrom Files in removing gutta-percha and sealant from root canal walls. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: When it comes to treating chronic infections, non-surgical retreatment is a more cautious method than periapical surgery. Retreatment should be performed efficiently and with appropriate instruments to ensure effective treatment.

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BACKGROUND: Gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria that compose oral biofilms produce many metabolites that induce the formation of dental plaque. Dental plaque is the main factor for the initiation and progression of oral diseases. Plaque preventive measures like mechanical or chemical approaches can be used in combination with this. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: A study was done to compare and evaluate the effects of 0.02 M alum mouthrinse, herbal mouthrinse, and saline on plaque inhibition in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty healthy children of age-group 9-12 years were included in the study and divided into 3 groups of 20 each: group I: alum containing mouthwash (0.02 M), group II: saline, and group III: herbal mouthwash, rinsing two times daily for 30 days. Plaque index scores were recorded from each individual on the 1st, 15th, and 30th day. RESULTS: Alum group (group I) showed a highly significant reduction of plaque at 1st, 15th, and 30th day when comparison to herbal group (group III) and saline group (group II). CONCLUSION: Ingredients in the alum group (group I) were effective in plaque inhibition, it may serve as an alternative antimicrobial mouthwash. Further long-term study with a large population group is recommended to determine the efficacy of alum-containing mouthwash and herbal (Hi-ora) mouthwash in improving oral health status. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Vanishree BK, Gangadharaiah C, Kajjari S, et al. Comparative Evaluation of the Effect of Alum and Herbal Mouthrinses on Plaque Inhibition in Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021;14(5):610-615.

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AIM AND OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the apical extrusion of debris during root canal preparation with the use of different Nickel-Titanium (Ni-Ti) file systems. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Totally 60 single-rooted human mandibular premolar teeth with fully formed roots were chosen for the study. The coronal access cavity and all other preparations were done with the use of an access cavity kit and then 60 samples were randomly separated into three investigational groups (n = 20); group I: self-adjusting file, group II: WaveOne Gold, and group III: Mtwo rotary system. After instrumentation, the teeth were taken out from the tube and the root surface-adherent debris was collected by washing off the apical area of the tooth with distilled water (1 ml) into a centrifuge tube. The centrifuge tube was kept for 5 days in an incubator at 70°C to permit evaporation of the moisture prior to weighing the dry debris with the aid of an electrical analytical balance. RESULTS: The highest quantity of debris extruded was by the Mtwo rotary system (0.0394 ± 0.880) followed by WaveOne Gold (0.0247 ± 1.030) and self-adjusting file (0.0198 ± 0.102). A statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) was found between the various file systems. CONCLUSION: After considering the drawbacks of this study, apical debris extrusion could be found with all three groups. However, the self-adjusting file demonstrated a significantly reduced quantity of apical debris extrusion compared to the Mtwo rotary system and WaveOne Gold. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The chief step during the procedure of root canal treatment is the preparation of the infected root canals biomechanically. This preparation may lead to forcing the apical debris into the periapical space through the apical foramen, resulting in host-initiated immunological response which leads to postoperative discomfort and pain. This consequently leads to selection of a specific rotary system for endodontic treatment.

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