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This paper presents the development of wrist ROM measurement system that was implemented on a rehabilitation glove for paretic hand, Easy-Flex, using a rotary potentiometer. This approach enables the device to measure the angles of up to 80° with the approximate resolution of 0.1°. The method along with a universal goniometer and a smartphone clinometer application were tested on 17 healthy participants in terms of reliability. The three instruments were able to accurately measure three different angles (flexion: -10°, neutral: 0°, and extension: 20°) with measurement errors less than 2°. Moreover, ICCs of the proposed method were close to 0.90 indicating the method implemented on Easy-Flex is reliable for measuring wrist flexion and extension measurement.

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Trifluorovinyl groups are introduced onto the cyclopentadienyl ligands of ferrocene at the 1-, 1,1'-, and 1,2-positions by Negishi-type and Stille-type coupling reactions of trifluorovinylzinc chloride and tri-n-butyltrifluorovinyl stannane with several iodoferrocenes. Modification of the trifluorovinyl group by nucleophilic substitution and [2+2] cycloaddition make them versatile building blocks for synthetic transformations. 1,1'-Bis(trifluorovinyl) ferrocene reacts upon contact with silica or oxidizing agents and in the presence of a suitable nucleophile through a redox autocatalytic mechanism to afford ferrocenophanes with fluorinated handles. C(F)(H) and C(F)(OMe) moieties in α-positions allowed further modifications to be performed by nucleophilic substitution of the fluorine atoms. A series of ferrocenes with fluorinated side chains and ferrocenophanes with fluorinated handles were isolated and characterized. Several molecular structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The influence of the fluorine substituents on the redox properties of the iron center were studied by cyclic voltammetry.

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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), promising novel nanomaterials, have been applied to drug delivery and bio-imaging; however, their potential harmful effects on human health and environment have gained much attention recently. In the present study, we investigated cytotoxic effect of solubilized single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs), which were dispersed in water by sodium dodesyl sulfate (SDS), in normal rat kidney epithelial cells (NRK-52E). SDS-SWCNT (0.125-10 µg/mL)-treated NRK-52E cells showed decreased cell viability and enhanced cytotoxicity marker levels following 24-48 h incubation. In addition, SDS-SWCNT treatment evoked the cell growth inhibition: 8 µg/mL SDS-SWCNT induced the growth arrest at G(0)/G(1) phase and levels of cell cycle-related proteins such as CDK2, CDK6 and phosphorylated-retinoblastoma (pRB) were significantly reduced by CNT. Whereas, at higher concentration of SDS-SWCNT, the percentage of cell numbers in apoptotic sub-G(1) phase was substantially increased. Along with these changes, SDS-SWCNT treatment elevated protein levels for p53 and p21 with a concomitant increase in the single strand DNA breakage. Taken together, these results suggest that SDS-solubilized SWCNTs exert genotoxic effect in renal epithelial cells, and p53-dependent signaling can be associated with the growth arrest and apoptosis events upon CNT-induced DNA damage.

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Reaction of alkyne allyl alcohols tethered with N-(p-tolylsulfonamide) in the presence of a cationic gold(I) catalyst gave new cycloisomerization products, 4-oxa-6-azatricyclo[3.3.0.0(2,8)]octanes.

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The cycloisomerization reaction of N-allyl-2-(2'-arylethyne-2-yl)amides or allylic 2-alkynoates in the presence of cationic triphenylphosphinegold(I) produced bicyclo[3.2.0]hept-6-en-2-ones under mild conditions. Computational investigations with a density functional theory (DFT) revealed that a stepwise 6-endo-dig cyclization of 1,6-enyne systems, followed by a skeletal rearrangement to form bicyclo[3.2.0]hept-6-en-2-one species represents the most probable reaction pathway. This can be further supported by employing N-(1',1'-dimethyl-1-propen-3-yl)-2-(1''-phenylethyne-2''-yl)amide as a substrate, which exclusively produced 4-phenyl-5-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-5,6-dihydropyridino-2(1H)-one unambiguously via 6-endo-dig cyclization. Theoretical calculations suggest both an aryl group at the terminal alkyne and a keto carbonyl at the C(5) position of the 1,6-enyne system play a complementary role for the reactivity.

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Tying up loose ends: The reaction of bisallenes tethered with N-(p-tolylsulfonamide) in the presence of a cationic gold N-heterocyclic carbene catalyst gave new cycloisomerization products, 6,7-dimethyleneazabicyclo[3.1.1]heptanes, in high yields (see scheme; IPr = N,N'-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene).

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