RESUMEN
Ameloblastoma (AM) is a benign odontogenic tumor with unknown etiology. It is prone to recurrence and has a potential for malignant transformation. Patients often show high rates of relapse after curettage, or suffer from structural and functional damage of jaw after partial resection. Whole-genome sequencing data revealed that BRAF mutations and SMO mutations were common and likely to be mutually exclusive in AM. It was also reported that BRAF inhibitors were effective in several patients carrying BRAFV600E mutation. However, reliable preclinical models are urgently needed for exploring targeted therapy as it's so difficult to conduct large clinical trials in this tumor. Patient-derived cell models in vitro and xenograft models in vivo are frequently used preclinical models. In fact, benign tumor cells generally showed a finite proliferative capacity in two-dimensional culture, and most likely, they could exhibit altered cellular phenotype after immortalization. Moreover, this benign tumor presented low chances of subcutaneous engraftment in nude mice. Accordingly, humanized mouse xenograft model needs more exploration. Yet, it is worth mentioning that a three-dimensional organoid model presents a high potential in culturing stem-cell-like epithelial cells in AM, and it would further be used in recapitulating corresponding tumors and developing targeted medicines. In this paper, we review research progress in preclinical models and the genetic variations of AM, and raise drug screening prospect of the current organoid models, which may pave the way for the possible personalized medicine in AM.
Asunto(s)
Ameloblastoma , Tumores Odontogénicos , Humanos , Animales , Ratones , Ameloblastoma/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas B-raf/genética , Ratones Desnudos , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia , MutaciónRESUMEN
ABSTRACT: Objective To discuss the application value of diatom examination in lung tissue for the forensic diagnosis of drowning. Methods The experimental animals were divided randomly into drowning, postmortem submergence and dying on land group. Diatoms in lung tissue and drowning fluid were analyzed quantitatively by microwave digestion-vacuum filtration-automated scanning electron microscopy diatom examination method. The ratios of content of diatoms in lung tissue and drowning fluid ï¼CL/CD ratioï¼ were recorded. Results The CL/CD ratios of experimental rabbits in the drowning group ï¼5.82±3.50ï¼ were much higher than that of postmortem submergence group ï¼0.47±0.35ï¼; the CL/CD ratios of different parts of the lung lobes of experimental pigs in the drowning group were higher than that of postmortem submergence group ï¼P<0.05ï¼; in seawater, brackish water, river fresh water and lake fresh water, the CL/CD ratios of experimental pigs in the drowning group were higher than that of postmortem submergence group ï¼P<0.05ï¼. In animal experiments, all the cases with CL/CD ratio >1.6 were from drowning group. Conclusion CL/CD ratio is an indicator with good application prospects in the diagnosis of drowning.
Asunto(s)
Diatomeas , Ahogamiento , Animales , Autopsia , Diatomeas/citología , Ahogamiento/diagnóstico , Pulmón , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Conejos , Distribución Aleatoria , PorcinosRESUMEN
Objective: The aim was to investigate the genotype distribution of two major epitopes of large surface protein (PreS1) of hepatitis B in Chinese patients and to explore the association between the genotypes of these two epitopes, and to determine whether PreS1 full-length genotype could be revealed according to the polypeptide sequence of key epitopes. Methods: HBV DNA was extracted from the serum of patients for PCR amplification. 278 samples amplified successfully were sequenced and compared with the known HBV sequences in Genbank to determine the two key epitopes of HBV PreS1 genotype (amino acid epitope 21-47 and 94-117, abbreviated as P21 and P94) and PreS1 full-length genotypes. The correlation among three genotyping approaches was analyzed by Cohen's kappa coefficient to verify the consistency between the key-epitope genotyping and the full-length preS1 genotyping. Results: 232 samples were successfully sequenced. The genotyping based on the kind of P21 epitope protein sequence, 201 cases for genotype C, 23 cases for genotype B and 8 cases for uncertain genotypes and genotyping based on the form of P94 epitope protein sequence, 199 cases for genotype C, 25 cases for genotype B and 8 cases for indeterminate genotypes. Lastly, the genotyping based on sequence of the full-length PreS1 sequence, 207 and 25 cases for genotype C and B. P21 or P94 epitope genotyping and PreS1 full length genotyping were highly consistent, respectively, 96.55% and 96.12%, and the two epitopes (P21and P94) genotyping have parallel consistency (93.10%). Conclusion: In this study, an innovatively genotyping method based on the amino acid sequence of key epitopes was proposed. The genotypes of HBV in china were mainly B and C genotypes, and the genotypes of key conserved epitopes of HBV PreS1 were highly consistent with the full-length genotyping ( > 96%). Moreover, genotyping with one or two key epitopes can be used in place of the full-length genotyping.
Asunto(s)
Virus de la Hepatitis B , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , China , Epítopos , Genotipo , Hepatitis B , Anticuerpos contra la Hepatitis B , Antígenos de Superficie de la Hepatitis B , Humanos , Reacción en Cadena de la PolimerasaRESUMEN
The bodies found in water are one of the most common types in forensic practice. The discovery site of the body is often not the drowning site. However, the determination of drowning site is vital for the identification of victim. Inorganic particles and planktons, such as granular impurities, diatoms and bacteria, are valuable markers for the diagnosis of drowning. By comparing the granular impurities and planktons in tissues and suspicious drowning mediums, the drowning site can be concluded based on their similarity of types and distribution, which has practical applied value. In this paper, the research progress on determination of drowning site is summarized to provide reference for the peers.
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Diatomeas , Ahogamiento/patología , Patologia Forense/tendencias , Plancton , Agua Dulce , Humanos , AguaRESUMEN
The direct sequencing of the Kit cDNA obtained from mutant mice was used to reveal the molecular nature of the W(-3Bao) ENU-induced mutation. There was a T to A transversion at the 441st nucleotide in the W(-3Bao) open reading frame (ORF), which introduced a pre-mature termination codon at residue 147. The gross embryonic development, hematopoiesis and spermatogenesis were examined in the mutant mice. There was no visible difference among the W(-3Bao/+), W(-3Bao/3Bao) and wild type embryos before embryonic day 12.5. W(-3Bao/3Bao) embryos appeared pale after E14.5 and dwarf after E16.5. An extremely low level of hematochrome and large red blood cells were found in W(-3Bao/3Bao) 18.5 days old embryos, leading to the stillbirth of the homozygotes. In 18.5 days old embryos the spermatogonia of W(-3Bao/3Bao) embryos did not migrate to the contorted seminiferous tubules properly, but instead were found in the interstitial tissue. The spermatogonia of W(-3Bao/+) or W(+/+) mice were present in both the interstitial tissue and contorted seminiferous tubules. In the adult male hetereozygotes, there are contorted seminiferous tubules with no spermatogonia, suggesting that the migration defect was dominant. In female W(-3Bao/3Bao) ovaries, primordial follicles were absent while primordial follicles appeared clearly in the ovaries of W(-3Bao/+) or W(+/+) mice. With a nonsense mutation in the Kit gene, W(-3Bao/+) mice show white spotting and an abnormal development of the contorted seminiferous tubules and W(-3Bao/3Bao) mice are stillborn due to severe macrocytic anemia, and have abnormal genital glands in both the male and female.
Asunto(s)
Mutación , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-kit/genética , Animales , Ratones , FenotipoRESUMEN
This article introduces the principles and design of a multifunctional medical table which could be used to immobilize patient from/to bed to/from table, and it can also be used as an operating table. So the dangerous and serious patients can get continuous servo and monitoring during the transfer. The hydraulic pressure lifter, machinery transmission, flat movement and asymmetry structure are employed in the product.