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Tumors of salivary gland are very uncommon in children and comprise of <5% of all salivary gland tumors. Most of these neoplasms originate in the parotid gland with 10-15% arising from the submandibular, sublingual, and minor salivary glands. We report a case of sialoblastoma in an 8-year-old male child who presented with a history of slowly progressive swelling of the parotid gland since birth, which was soft to firm in consistency and mobile in all directions. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a well encapsulated tumor located in the superficial lobe of the left parotid gland. Fine needle aspiration was performed, which revealed a parotid tumor with closest resemblance to sialoblastoma. Superficial parotidectomy was performed. The histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of sialoblastoma. Sialoblastoma should always be considered when the lesion is known or suspected to be congenital.

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Histoplasma is a dimorphic fungus that primarily involves the lungs and the environmental reservoir is soil. It has emerged as an important opportunistic fungal infection in immunocompromised patients. Six cases of histoplasmosis with variable clinical presentations diagnosed either on cytology or histopathology are discussed - three were HIV-positive. The possibility of histoplasmosis should always be borne in mind, especially in immunocompromised patients, as it can have variable clinical presentations.

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BACKGROUND: Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of oral and maxillofacial region has not been widely utilized for diagnosis due to diversity of lesion types, heterogeneity of cell populations and difficulties in reaching and aspirating these lesions. AIM: Our aim was to demonstrate the effectiveness of this cheap and simple procedure for the diagnosis of tumor and tumor like lesions of oral and maxillofacial region. In addition, we sought to highlight probable causes of errors in the cases showing lack of correlation between cytological and histological diagnoses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted on 50 patients of all age groups with various palpable lesions in the oromaxillofacial region. A comparison between cytological and histological diagnosis was done wherever biopsy material was available. RESULTS: The rate of unsatisfactory FNA was 4%. There were six false negative cases but no false positive case. The sensitivity of our study ranged from 77.7 to 75% including and excluding the suspicious cases, respectively. Specificity and positive predictive value was 100%. CONCLUSION: FNAC is a minimally invasive, highly accurate and cost-effective procedure for the assessment of patients with oromaxillofacial lesions. When applied in a proper manner, FNAC can help avoid a surgical biopsy in many cases.

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UNLABELLED: Subungual exostosis is an acquired, benign, and solitary bone tumor of the distal phalanx occurring beneath or adjacent to nail. A 18-year-old man presented with a lump, ulceration, and pain on his right big toe. This complaint was present for the past 2 years. Initially, lump and pain were present, and since the past 6 months ulceration and superadded infection occurred. Plain radiograph showed a calcified lesion that was continuous with the phalangeal cortical surface in the distal dorsal aspect of the big toe. Excisional biopsy with complete nail removal and reconstruction of the tip of the toe were done. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of subungual exostosis. Clinical or radiological recurrence was not observed after 26 months of follow-up. The case is reported to present the tumor overview and to highlight that the diagnosis of this benign lesion should not be missed. Clinical and radiological features allow early diagnosis and treatment thus preventing the lesion to progress to the stage of onycholysis. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, Level IV.

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A rare occurrence of an omphalomesenteric duct cyst in an exomphalos minor sac is reported herein. The noteworthy points in this case were an unusual presentation of the rarest variety of umbilical cord cyst. The tapering intra-abdominal end of the cyst was found to be attached to the ileal mesentry, thereby simulating a herniating mesenteric cyst till the histolopathological report resolved the issue.

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Splenic cystic lymphangioma is a very rare condition. It occurs commonly in children in whom it is often an incidental imaging finding. In the absence of histologic confirmation, it usually mimics hydatid disease and other cystic vascular proliferations of the spleen. We present a case of cystic lymphangioma of the spleen in 15 years old female.

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Isolated conjunctival amyloidosis is extremely rare and usually diagnosed histologically instead of clinically. This has been variously reported as an unusual cause of ptosis, complication of trachoma, painless nodular aggregates and recurrent subconjunctival hemorrhages. Once diagnosed, evaluation for systemic disease is advised though results of examination are almost always negative and frustrating.

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