RESUMEN
Revascularization surgery in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease presents an acceptable clinical model for studying the rate of ischaemia-reperfusion injury of cells and other structures of skeletal muscle of the affected extremity. Validity of carefully chosen set of biochemical parameters for determination of this injury during and after surgery as well as in the early and late reperfusion periods and during the readaptation to situation after restoration of blood circulation was verified. Blood samples were taken from the regional common femoral vein which allowed to obtain information directly from the ischaemized extremity. Analyzed biochemical parameters have given useful information about the situation in acid-base regulation, in energy metabolism as well as antioxidant capacity. These parameters were estimated in four time intervals: before aorta cross-clamping (preischaemic phase), then 30 min (early reperfusion) and 18 hours (readaptation period) after aorta-declamping. In the early reperfusion period a marked acidosis and raised carbon dioxide tension, significant increase of lactate and pyruvate levels as well as increased hypoxanthine plasma level were observed. On the contrary, in this period the lowest lipoperoxide level was found, evident in the wake of relative stability of concentration of endogenous antioxidants documented by a constant glutathione redox status that at the first postoperative day even significantly decreased as a consequence of a drop of oxidized and increased of reduced form of glutathione. Therefore, the applied biochemical parameters allow to monitor the ischaemia-reperfusion damage of afflicted region and could be used even in the study of compounds with a protective effect against possible injury of ischaemized and reoxygenized tissues. (Tab. 3, Fig. 4, Ref. 32.)
Asunto(s)
Metabolismo Energético , Isquemia/cirugía , Daño por Reperfusión/metabolismo , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Vasculares , Equilibrio Ácido-Base , Adulto , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Femenino , Humanos , Isquemia/metabolismo , Ácido Láctico/sangre , Pierna/irrigación sanguínea , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Oxidación-Reducción , Ácido Pirúvico/sangreRESUMEN
Stobadine (STB), a cardioprotective drug, was evaluated for its effect on the intensity and habituation of exploratory behaviour in open field testing and on the levels of striatal dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT) and their metabolites (3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, homovanillic acid, 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid) in rats and their offspring. Dams were treated by oral gavage with STB (50 mg kg-1) for a total of 56 days from 14 days before mating to day 21 postpartum (pp). The first open field measurements of the dams were performed over 4 days at the beginning of the experiment, the second on days 21-24 pp and the third on days 49-52 pp (recovery period). Their offspring were tested on postnatal (pn) days 30-33 and 60-63. The biochemical analysis (HPLC with electrochemical detection) in the dams was performed at the same time schedule as given for the open field testing, but in their offspring only on pn day 60. Motor activity of the dams was decreased on days 21-24 pp. The increase of motor activity in female offspring was observed on pn days 30-33. Neurochemical analysis of the striatum of the dams revealed a significant increase of the levels of DA, 5-HT and 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid. In male offspring the levels of DA were significantly decreased, whereas in females the levels were increased. These results suggest that maternal administration of STB resulted both in dams and their offspring in minor alterations in spontaneous behaviour components and changes in the dopaminergic and serotonergic system, but without inducing overtly detectable toxicity.
Asunto(s)
Antiarrítmicos/farmacología , Carbolinas/farmacología , Dopamina/metabolismo , Conducta Exploratoria/efectos de los fármacos , Neostriado/efectos de los fármacos , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal , Serotonina/metabolismo , Animales , Femenino , Lactancia , Masculino , Actividad Motora/efectos de los fármacos , Neostriado/metabolismo , Embarazo , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
We describe a convenient method for the separation and quantification of xanthine, hypoxanthine, and uric acid in 20 microL of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with use of HPLC and ultraviolet detection. The analysis is performed on a Sepharon SGX C18 column and the elution system consists of potassium phosphate buffer, pH 5.1, with 20 mL/L methanol. The lower limit of detection was 4 pmol for hypoxanthine and xanthine and 6 pmol for uric acid. Analytical recoveries of purine metabolites ranged from 98.6% to 102.9%. The intra- and interassay CVs were <3%. The applicability of the method is illustrated with the determination of micromolar concentrations of xanthine, hypoxanthine, and uric acid in CSF samples obtained from 113 patients with various neurological disorders.