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Introduction: The foundation of oncology treatment as a single modality approach as well as the "multimodality" concept has been studied by statistical evaluation pre, during, and posttreatment to rule out their efficacy, expected prognosis, toxicity reactions, and overall survival for the patient. Such studies have also provided an appreciable amount of data for future custom utility. "Targeted therapy" is a cancer treatment that uses drugs but is different from traditional chemotherapy. It works by targeting cancer-specific genes, proteins, or the tissue environment that contributes to cancer growth and survival. Researchers are developing drugs that target specific molecular changes. The drugs can block or turn off signals that tell cancer cells to grow and divide, keep cells from living longer than usual, and destroy the cancer cells. Aim: The aim of the study is to carry out a systematic review of clinical trials of molecular targeted therapy in the treatment of cancer. Objective: The objective of the study is to evaluate the efficacy of molecular targeted therapy in the treatment of head-and-neck cancers. Materials and Methods: A group of keywords was preselected to search for scientific articles on a web-based database of PubMed. Only completed randomized controlled trials published in the past 5 years in the English language were included with open access. All the selected articles were subjected to the Cochrane bias tool and PRISMA guidelines to extract results. Results: Among 4 studies specifying the progression-free survival (PFS) for comparing the groups treated either using targeted therapy or other modality/placebo, 50% of studies show a slight increase in PFS in the group treated with TT and other 50% show PFS increase in the non-TT group. Thus, insufficient evidence is furnished to provide a statement and acknowledged the expectancy of a disease-free period with or without the use of TT in the treatment of head-and-neck cancer. Conclusion: Considering very little information on enhanced effect and presence of evidence supporting an increased risk of adverse events, the addition of TT to treatment is a question to the dilemma. A systematic review intends advantageous in providing foresight for oncologists concerning patient assessment and evaluation to defend inclination proceeding toward the treatment defined.

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Background: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a disabling, chronic, insidious potentially malignant condition of the oral cavity seen predominantly in the Indian subcontinent. Due to the idiopathic nature and various immunological changes seen in some OSMF patients, it can be considered an autoimmune disorder. Hyperimmunoglobulinemia is often seen with OSMF. Aim and Objectives: (i) To estimate the serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels in OSMF patients; (ii) to correlate the serum IgG and IgA levels with age and gender of OSMF patients; (iii) to correlate the serum IgG and IgA levels with clinical stages of OSMF; (iv) to correlate the serum IgG and IgA levels with the content of the habit in OSMF patients. Materials and Methods: Serum samples were collected from a total of 50 patients (25 OSMF cases and 25 controls) of both genders and IgG and IgA levels were estimated by NEPHELOMETRY. Results: As compared to the control group, the mean serum IgG level was marginally increased among the OSMF patients and the mean serum IgA level was marginally decreased among the OSMF patients, but this was not statistically significant. Furthermore, there was only a weak correlation between serum immunoglobulins and content of the habit and no significant correlation was found between the serum IgG and IgA levels and age and sex of the OSMF patients. Serum IgG was increased and IgA was decreased with increasing stages of OSMF. Conclusion: The results of the present study suggested that there is an alteration in serum immunoglobulin levels in OSMF patients as compared to the control group.

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INTRODUCTION: Radiation therapy is commonly used in the treatment of head and neck cancer in both the definitive and postoperative settings. Proton therapy, due to its intrinsic physical properties, has the ability to reduce the integral dose delivered to the patients while maintaining highly conformal target coverage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: .A literature search was performed on scientific databases, and Preferred Reporting Items for Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed to compute results. Only original studies were selected. Selected studies were used to extract some proposed data for comparison, dosimetry, site, complications, and survival. RESULTS: Proton beam therapy technology can be used against the conventional radiotherapy and shows satisfactory results. Yet conventional therapy is not less advantageous considering the amount of work available for any cross interpretations. CONCLUSION: Comparative preplanning could be beneficial considering multiple therapies for ruling out the best treatment outcomes that could be expected.

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CONTEXT: Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) have been recognized as one of the most common causes of nondental orofacial pain. Various studies have been reported in literature regarding the relationship between prevalence of signs and symptoms of TMDs and gender, suggestive of female predilection; however, none of the studies have yet been reported to suggest the relationship between knowledge about temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and TMDs and self-awareness of its signs and symptoms. AIM: To find a relationship between the level of knowledge about TMJ and TMDs and self-awareness of its signs and symptoms. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: This study was designed as an institutional survey. The study sample comprised 491 undergraduate and postgraduate (PG) students, consisting of 90 males and 401 females with age ranging between 18 and 32 years. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Two sets of questionnaire were distributed among the students. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Statistical analysis was performed with the help of Epi Info (TM) 3.5.3, descriptive statistical analysis, test of proportion, Chi-square test, one-way analysis of variance, Tukey's test, and knowledge index. RESULTS: It was observed that there was a gradual increase in the level of knowledge about TMJ and TMDs and self-awareness of its signs and symptoms from the 1st year to PG students. CONCLUSIONS: A direct relationship exists between the level of knowledge about TMJ and TMDs and self-awareness of its signs and symptoms.

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