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Objective To evaluate the effect of ulinastatin on the expression of metabotropic glutamate receptor Ⅱ ( mGluRⅡ) during cerebral ischemia-reperfusion ( I∕R) in rats. Methods Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 6-8 weeks, weighing 230-280 g, were divided into 3 groups ( n=16 each) by a random number table method: sham operation group (S group), cerebral I∕R group (I∕R group) and ulinastatin group ( U group) . The model of cerebral I∕R injury was established by occluding the right middle cerebral artery using a nylon thread with a rounded tip inserted into internal carotid artery and advanced cranially until resistance was met. Middle cerebral artery occlusion was maintained for 2 h followed by 24-h reperfusion. Ulinastatin 100000 U∕kg was injected via the tail vein immediately after onset of reperfusion in group U. The neurological deficit score ( NDS) was assessed after 24 h of reperfusion. The rats were then sacrificed, and brain tissues were obtained for determination of brain infarction ( by TTC staining) , expression of IκB-α in cerebral ischemic penumbra ( by Western blot) and expression of mGluRⅡ in cerebral ischemic penumbra ( by immunofluorescent staining) . The percentage of cerebral infarct vol-ume was calculated. Results Compared with S group, the NDS and percentage of cerebral infarct volume were significantly increased, the expression of mGluRⅡ in cerebral ischemic penumbra was up-regulated, and the expression of IκB-α in cerebral ischemic penumbra was down-regulated in I∕R and U groups ( P<0. 05). Compared with I∕R group, the NDS and percentage of cerebral infarct volume were significantly de-creased, the expression of mGluRⅡ in cerebral ischemic penumbra was down-regulated, and the expres-sion of IκB-α in cerebral ischemic penumbra was up-regulated in U group ( P<0. 05) . Conclusion The mechanism by which ulinastatin mitigates cerebral I∕R injury may be related to inhibiting the expression of mGluR Ⅱ in cerebral ischemic penumbra of rats.
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Objective:To evaluate the change of sleep-wake rhythm after extracorporeal circulation (ECC) in New Zealand rabbits,and to explore the role of clock genes in sleep-wake rhythm disorder by ECC.Methods:A total of 54 New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups:a normal group (Group N),a sham group (Group S) and a model group (Group ECC).Electrocorticogram (ECOG),electroophthalmogram (EOG) and electromyogram (EMG) were respectively recorded by multipurpose EEG recorder,and the sleep-wake rhythm was also recorded.The mRNA and protein expressions of period1 (Per1) and cryptochrome1 (Cry1) were detected by semiquantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) and Western blot in pineal gland of rabbits.The differences between the 3 groups were compared.Results:1) Compared with the Group N and Group S at 24,48 h respectively,the total amount of sleep (TAS),light time,slow wave sleep (SWS) in the Group ECC at 24,48 h were significantly reduced (all P＜0.05),and the proportion of light sleep increased (all P＜0.05),the proportion of SWS decreased (all P＜0.05);2) Compared with the Group N and Group S,the expression of Per1 mRNA in the Group ECC at 24,48 h and Cry1 mRNA at 24 h significantly increased (all P＜0.05);3) Compared with the Group N and Group S,the expression of Perl protein in the Group ECC at 48 h and Cry1 protein at 24 h significantly increased (all P＜0.05);4) In the Group ECC,the sleepwake rhythm disorder and clock genes expression were ameliorated at 72 h after surgery.Conclusion:ECC can cause sleep-wake rhythm disorder in New Zealand rabbits,which may be related to the abnormal expression of Per1 and Cry1,and their transcription proteins.
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Objective To explore the key points of perioperative nursing patients with planted soft tissue expander after breast cancer surgery.Method The clinical data of 55 patients with planted soft tissue expander after breast cancer surgery were reviewed to summarize the nursing measures.Result Operative process in 55 pattents were succesful,surgery time ranged from 3 to 5 hours.16 of 55 patients developed with complications and all of them were recovered and discharged.Conclusions Perioperative nursing intervention for the patients with planted soft tissue expander after breast cancer surgery can reduce the incidence of complications,improve the life quality and help them build up their confidence in social and family life.
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Objective To evaluate the effect of tranexamic acid on the risk of venous thrombosis after operation in patients undergoing revision total hip arthroplasty.Methods Fifty-six ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients of both sexes,aged 35-64 yr,with body mass index of 20-25 kg/m2,scheduled for elective revision total hip arthroplasty,were randomly divided into 2 groups (n =28 each):control group (group C) and tranexamic acid group (group T).After induction of anesthesia,the patients were tracheally intubated and mechanically ventilated.After intubation,tranexamic acid 15 mg/kg was injected intravenously followed by infusion at a rate of 10 mg·kg-1 ·h-1 in group T,while the equal volume of normal saline was given instead of tranexamic acid in group C.Before operation,at the end of operation,and at 6 and 24 h after operation,venous blood samples were obtained for routine blood test and for determination of parameters of coagulation.The intraoperative blood loss and blood salvage,volume of drainage within 24 h after operation and transfusion of allogeneic blood were recorded.The development of venous thrombosis in the lower extremity was recorded with Doppler ultrasound on 7th day after operation.Results Compared with group C,the intraoperative blood loss and blood salvage,volume of drainage within 24 h after operation and transfusion of allogeneic blood were significantly reduced,and hemoglobin and hematocrit were increased at the end of operation and different time points after operation (P ＜ 0.05),and no significant changes were found in activated partial thromboplastin time,prothrombin time and fibrinogen in group T (P ＞ 0.05).The incidence of venous thrombosis in the lower extremity was 18％ and 14％ in C and T groups,respectively,and there was no significant difference between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Tanexamic acid infused at a rate of 10 mg· kg-1 · h-1 after a loading dose of 15 mg/kg injected during operation dose not increase the risk of venous thrombosis after operation in patients undergoing revision total hip arthroplasty.