RESUMEN
Ex vivo porcine lung immersed in e-liquid was investigated in-depth using confocal Raman micro-spectroscopy to assess the e-liquid influence on the lung. It was found that lung-related Raman band intensities at 1002, 1548, 1618 and 1655 cm-1 increased after first and second treatments except the surface, which was attributed to the well-known optical clearing (OC) effect due to alveoli filling with e-liquid resulting in light scattering reduction. The autofluorescence enhancement was explained by oxidative stress induced in lung during exposure to e-liquid. Moreover, e-liquid induced collagen dehydration was revealed by the I937 /I926 Raman band intensity ratio change. The effect was enhanced after the second treatment of the same lung tissue that indicates the possibility of multi-step OC treatment. We hypothesize that the nicotine-flavour-free e-liquids containing glycerol and propylene glycol could potentially be used in clinical protocols as OC agent for enhanced in-depth Raman-guided bronchoscopy.
RESUMEN
Chemoresistance has remained a significant concern in tumor recurrence and elevated cancer-related mortalities. A deep insight into mechanisms by which cancerous cells resist administered drugs can pave the way to overcome chemotherapy-induced cell death and develop novel procedures to rescue patients. Regarding accumulated data, stem cell-derived exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) can be deemed a novel and promising method to overcome chemoresistance. It seems exosomal miRNAs play a dual role in the cancer microenvironment. On the one hand, as a messenger, they are transferred between donor and recipient cells contributing to cancer chemoresistance. On the other hand, stem cell-derived exosomal miRNA significantly restrains tumorigenesis and inhibits or alleviates drug resistance in the tumor niche. Hence, our purpose in this review evaluating the roles of stem cells-derived exosomal microRNAs in overcoming chemoresistance in tumors.