RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: The female circumcision constitutes by their frequency and complications a real problem of public health. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Our study aims at comparing the maternal land fetal complications of the spontaneous vaginal delivery in the excised women and non-excised. We led a comparative survey case witness implying 227 excised pregnant women at the maternity in CHU YO of Ouagadougou. RESULTS: The prevalence of the excision from January 1st to July 31, 2006 was 72.86%. The distribution of female genital mutilations in this population is the following: type I=27.75%, type II=69.61%, type III=2.64%. The middle age was 25 years and 79.30% of women were aged less than 30 years. Islam appeared like a factor of exposure to the practice of the excision with 67.40% of women excised that practise it against 41.90% at the non-excised group (P<0,0001). The maternal complications were dominated by the duration of fetal expulsion prolonged and perineal tears. The duration of fetal expulsion was superior to 30 minutes for 34.56% of excised woman childbirths 9 times more frequently than women non-excised (P=0.001). The frequency of perineal tears was 10.13% in the group of women excised against 5.73% in the group of the non-excised (P=0.008). These perineal lesions were more frequent with the primiparae and women excised at the 2nd and 3rd degree. The neobirth asphyxia affected 4.4% of newborns from mother excised against 0.2% in the non-excised group (RR=5.18; P=0.006). In the group of excised them the rate of mortinatality was 22.03 for 1000 births, against 8.81 for 1000 births in the group of the non-excised (P=0.22). CONCLUSION: The prevention of these complications with the excised woman rests on the episiotomy and the instrumental extraction in the FGM of type III.