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BACKGROUND: Patients are looking for procedures which are minimally invasive and consequently incur minimal downtime. However, these procedures are not usually long lasting and have limited outcomes both esthetically and functionally. For these reasons, the number of patients seeking surgical rhinoplasty and who have previous nasally injected hyaluronic acid is increasing. METHODS: The aim of this article is to provide the surgeon with information for both the identification and surgical approach for those patients who seek nasal cosmetic surgery, and who have previously been treated with nasal injections of hyaluronic acid filler. RESULTS: We present cases that illustrate the use of this approach and suggest three possible patient management. CONCLUSIONS: There are three possible approaches: wait HA to be naturally reabsorbed; apply hyaluronidase before the surgery or proceed to rhinoplasty with no prior application of hyaluronidase. The physician must be aware of this progression and know how to manage each case to optimize the surgical outcome. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine Ratings, please refer to Table of Contents or online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

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ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: The esthetic balance of the face results from harmonic and symmetrical facial proportions. The literature describes several methods for lower-third facial analysis, but lacks a simple and practical method. OBJECTIVE: To review the methods of analysis of the ideal projections of the chin based on soft tissues, showing the advantages and disadvantages of each. METHODS: Literature review through the PubMed database. RESULTS: The following methods for chin analysis based on soft tissues were reviewed: Gonzalles-Ulloa, Goode, Merrifield, Silver, Legan, Gibson & Calhoun, cervicomentual angle, and mentocervical angle. CONCLUSION: An adequate analysis of the proportions of the face and facial disharmony is essential for the correct indication of the necessary procedures and good surgical outcome. The authors propose an algorithm to facilitate the indication for chin augmentation surgery.

Resumo Introdução: O equilíbrio estético da face resulta de proporções faciais harmônicas e simétricas. A literatura descreve vários métodos de análise do terço inferior da face, mas carece de um método simples e prático. Objetivo: Revisar os métodos de análise da projeção ideal do mento baseadas em tecidos moles, mostrando as vantagens e desvantagens de cada um. Método: Revisão da literatura através da base de dados Pubmed. Resultados: Os seguintes métodos para análise do mento baseada em partes moles são revisados: Gonzalles-Ulloa, Goode, Merrifield, Silver, Legan, Gibson & Calhoun, ângulo cervicomentual e ângulo mentocervical. Conclusão: A análise adequada das proporções da face e desarmonia facial faz-se essencial para a correta indicação dos procedimentos necessários e bom resultado cirúrgico. Propomos um algoritmo para facilitar indicação de avanço de mento.

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PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of this article is to further explore the techniques available for alar base reduction by a recent review in this topic, focusing in the current advances in the field, in a clear and readable format. RECENT FINDINGS: Among the numerous techniques available, the management of cases with wide nasal base and alar flaring remains limited to three options: cinching sutures to pull in the alae together; or to use alar base excisions that remove tissue from the alar lobule to decrease flare and from inside the nostril to decrease width; and flap advancement. SUMMARY: Surgical modification of the nasal base is not a routine part of rhinoplasty and should be performed in a conservative manner to prevent complications like nasal stenosis. Moreover, this maneuver should always be the last one in rhinoplasty, as alar base modifications cannot be properly assessed until all other steps have been carried out. VIDEO ABSTRACT.

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INTRODUCTION: The esthetic balance of the face results from harmonic and symmetrical facial proportions. The literature describes several methods for lower-third facial analysis, but lacks a simple and practical method. OBJECTIVE: To review the methods of analysis of the ideal projections of the chin based on soft tissues, showing the advantages and disadvantages of each. METHODS: Literature review through the PubMed database. RESULTS: The following methods for chin analysis based on soft tissues were reviewed: Gonzalles-Ulloa, Goode, Merrifield, Silver, Legan, Gibson & Calhoun, cervicomentual angle, and mentocervical angle. CONCLUSION: An adequate analysis of the proportions of the face and facial disharmony is essential for the correct indication of the necessary procedures and good surgical outcome. The authors propose an algorithm to facilitate the indication for chin augmentation surgery.

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Patients are seeking healthier lives, and at the same time their concern about having a beautiful face and maintaining a youthful appearance over time has increased. Traditionally, surgeries based on tissue resection and resurfacing were the focus in facial rejuvenation. Over the last decade, minimally invasive procedures have expanded exponentially because of the variety of cosmetic products available on the market and because patients are looking for a better appearance with nonincision methods. The understanding of the aging process, facial anatomy, and ideal proportions is extremely important for successful rejuvenation procedures. Also, neuromodulators, chemical peels, filler properties, correct indications, and effectiveness must be well known by the injector for favorable results. Therefore, knowledge of all facial cosmetic options and an adequate facial analysis are essential for a better performance. In this article, the authors review some different product options and show cases of minimally invasive cosmetic procedures for the face currently used.

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Introdução: A prática da anestesia local e sedação para rinoplastia e outros procedimentos estéticos da face são cada vez mais frequentes. No Brasil o Conselho Federal de Medicina o define e regulamenta sua prática. Objetivo: Analisar a eficácia da analgesia e amnésia intraoperatórios através de escalas análogo-visual e subjetiva nas rinosseptoplastias realizadas sob anestesia local e sedação, buscando associações com as quantidades médias de medicações utilizadas. Método: Estudo retrospectivo baseado em relatórios referentes a 158 rinoplastias estético-funcionais. O cirurgião registrava em protocolo dados referentes ao uso de anestésicos locais e sedativos (incluindo concentrações e quantidades utilizadas) bem como efeitos adversos. No primeiro retorno pós-cirurgia o paciente quantificar a dor sentida no intraoperatório utilizando-se uma escala análogo-visual conforme descrito por HASEN e colaboradores. Amnésia considerada ideal quando paciente referia lembrar-se "nada" ou "pouco" do procedimento. Resultados: Amostra constituída de 80 (73,4%) mulheres e 29 (26,6%) homens, idade média de 29,3 ± 9,5 anos. A mediana da dor pela escala análogo-visual foi de 0,05; 80% inferior a 3,35. A amnésia foi ideal em 51 (46,8%) cirurgias. O midazolam foi usado em todas cirurgias, fentanil em 32 (29,4%) e petidina em 77 (70,6%). Não houve diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre as quantidades de medicações utilizadas entre o grupo de pacientes com amnésia ideal quando comparados com os que não obtiveram amnésia satisfatória. Conclusão: Anestesia local e sedação em rinoplastias são confortáveis e seguras na quase totalidade das vezes, mesmo sem haver amnésia satisfatória.

Introduction: The local anesthesia practice and sedation to rhinoplasty and others aesthetics procedures of the face are each time more frequents. In the Brazil, the Federal Council of Medicine defines it and regulate its practice. Objective: To analyze the analgesia' effectiveness and of the intro operative amnesia through analogous visual and subjective scales in the rhinosseptoplasties performed under local anesthesia and sedation, looking for associations with the medium quantities of medication utilized. Method: A retrospective study based in reports relatives to 158 aesthetic-functional rhinoplasties. The surgeon recorded in a protocol the data relatives to the use of local anesthetics and sedatives (including concentration and quantities utilized) as well as the side effects. In the first return post surgery the patient quantifies the pain that he felt in the intra operative utilizing a analogous visual scale as described by Hasen and collaborators. The Amnesia considered ideal when the patient referred to remind "nothing" or "a few of the procedure. Results: The sample constituted of 80 (73,4%) women and 29 )26,6%) men, average of age of 29,3 ± 9,5 years. The median of the pain by the analogous visual scale was 0,05; 80% under 3,35. The amnesia was ideal in 51 (46,8%) surgeries. The midazolam was utilized in all the surgeries. Fentanyl in 32 (29,4%) and, pethidine in 77 (70,6%). Had not statistically significants differences between the quantities of medication utilized between the groups of patients with ideal amnesia when compared with those that do not obtained satisfactory amnesia. Conclusion: Local anesthesia and sedation in rhinoplasties are comfortable and secures in the majority of the cases, even without have a satisfactory amnesia.

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