RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To identify the main predictors for corneal graft failure in patients who underwent retransplantation. METHOD: This is a cross-sectional research with a quantitative and analytical approach, conducted based on data from secondary sources of a Human Eye Tissue Bank (HETB) in Northeast Brazil. Data were collected from the medical charts of all patients transplanted between January 2010 and December 2014. Descriptive statistics were used for the univariate analysis by means of absolute and relative frequencies and means. For the inferential analysis, the chi-square (X²) and the Fisher's Exact tests were used. RESULTS: A total of 241 records were reviewed, representing 258 keratoplasties, of which 27 (10.46%) were retransplantations due to corneal graft failure. Of the total, 55.56% of the individuals were female, with a mean age of 58.56 years, 55.56% of the population was brown, and the highest relative frequency of housing found was in the Central Mesoregion. Of the corneal graft failure cases, 88.89% were due to late failure, 30.77% of cases were classified as pseudophakic and 11.57% as aphakic. Through inferential analysis, a statistical association was obtained among the variable "corneal graft failure" and mesoregion of the state, presence of glaucoma, vascularization, and classification of the eye. CONCLUSION: The prognosis of keratoplasty is of multifactorial nature. Factors such as mesoregion of the State (place of residence), glaucoma, corneal vascularization, and aphakic eyes represent predictors for graft failure in the analyzed sample.
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Trasplante de Córnea , Reoperación , Humanos , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Masculino , Estudios Transversales , Reoperación/estadística & datos numéricos , Anciano , Adulto , Brasil , Factores de Riesgo , Insuficiencia del Tratamiento , Rechazo de InjertoRESUMEN
The objective of this study was to identify the main technologies used in the management of ruminant grazing. We developed a review protocol in which the search terms were previously tested and based on the PVO strategy to determine the guiding question (population [P]: domestic ruminants; variables [V] of interest: grazing management technologies; and outcomes [O]: intake, performance, and productivity of animals raised exclusively on pasture). The guiding question was the following: What technologies are used in the grazing management of domestic ruminants on pasture? The databases used were SCOPUS (Elsevier), SciELO Citation Index, Science Direct, and Wiley Online Library, and the search was carried out until October 15, 2021. The search identified 2683 research articles; however, only 43 were considered eligible and included due to their methodological robustness for data extraction. The most commonly used species were Lolium multiflorum and Lolium perenne (20%), Panicum maximum (18%), and Brachiaria brizantha (14%). The most widely used grazing methods were continuous grazing (53.4%) and intermittent grazing (39.5%). Among the technologies, the most widely adopted were pasture height (55.8%) and herbage allowance (11.6%). The most frequent sampling methods were the use of a ruler (37.2%) and measuring stick (13.9%) to measure the height, and clipping with a frame (18.6%) to measure herbage allowance. The animals used in the included studies were cattle (n = 1335), sheep (n = 839), and goats (n = 41). Pasture height and herbage allowance were the most widely used grazing management technologies, with the data concentrated mainly in Brazil, in studies with continuous grazing by cattle.
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Alimentación Animal , Crianza de Animales Domésticos , Dieta , Animales , Bovinos , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Brachiaria , Brasil , Dieta/veterinaria , Lolium , Panicum , Rumiantes , Ovinos , Crianza de Animales Domésticos/métodosRESUMEN
AIMS: Identify the best scientific evidence available to eye care in order to prevent dry eye. METHOD: Review study conducted according to the three steps of the evidence-based practice, guided by the following question, grounded in the Patient, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome strategy: "What is the best scientific evidence available to eye care related to preventing dry eye?" Two databases were used, the web portal Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online and two digital libraries. Data were organized by using three structured forms. RESULTS: Ten studies made up the final sample, in English, with evidence levels between I and III. The results pointed out differences regarding the best or most appropriate occlusion and ocular lubrication methods to prevent dry eye. CONCLUSION: Several care methods showed strong scientific evidence to prevent dry eye, related to occlusion and ocular lubrication. There is a need for further studies to determine the strength of this evidence.