RESUMEN
An accurate assessment of the recommended calcium (Ca) intake may contribute to reducing the risk of fractures and chronic diseases, ultimately improving quality of life. This review was performed to summarize key findings of Ca studies, investigate the effect of Ca intake on health outcomes, and determine the adequacy of evidence to revise the 2015 Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans (KDRIs) for Ca in 2020. Databases were searched for intervention studies that assessed health outcomes by providing Ca in diets or as supplements. The framework of the systematic review comprised conducting literature searches, data extraction, quality assessment of the literature, and summarizing key findings relevant to set the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) and Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) for Ca for the 2020 KDRI. The final search was performed in June 2019. A total of 13,309 studies were identified through databases and manual search. Sixtyfive studies were included in the final quality assessment and were summarized according to health indicators. As bone health was used as an indicator of the EAR for Ca, literature reports on bone health were further categorized by the life-cycle stage of the participants. This systematic review did not find new evidence that could be applied to the general Korean adult population, including postmenopausal women, for defining a new EAR for Ca in the 2020 KDRIs. Evidence in most of the reviewed literature was considered weak; however, some evidence was found that could improve the criteria on how the EAR for Ca was determined in children and adolescents. A review of the literature for the 2020 KDRIs for Ca did not find strong evidence in order to change the recommended values of the 2015 KDRIs. More clinical interventions are required among Koreans to strengthen the body of evidence to warrant the revision of the KDRIs.
RESUMEN
Taurine is a free amino acid and exhibits various biological functions such as brain development, retinal photoreceptor activity, reproduction, normal growth development and antioxidant activity. Taurine is mainly contained in meat and fish foods. Although taurine is inferred to be implicated in the development of the fetus, there are few reports of taurine intake and neonatal growth in pregnant women. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the nutrient and taurine intake of pregnant women during the late gestation period using the food intake frequency method. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Keimyung University. The daily taurine intake of the pregnant women was 104.2 mg. The daily taurine intakes of the pregnant women were divided into three groups for analysis; low, middle, high (<60 mg, 60-120 mg, and >120 mg). The body weight of the top taurine group (3.37 kg) was significantly higher than that of the low and middle groups (3.16 kg, 3.20 kg). Also, the heights of the infants were 49.9 cm, 49.8 cm, and 51.1 cm for each group, showing significantly high measure in the group of taurine intake more than 120 mg/day. There was a positive correlation between the taurine intake of the pregnant women and the height of the newborns. In conclusion, weight and height at birth were significantly higher in the high taurine intake group of the pregnant women. There was a positive correlation between maternal taurine intake and birth length.
Asunto(s)
Dieta , Fenómenos Fisiologicos Nutricionales Maternos , Taurina/administración & dosificación , Animales , Estatura , Peso Corporal , Femenino , Peces , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Carne , EmbarazoRESUMEN
The objective of this study was to investigate the association of nutrient intake and pregnancy outcome mediated by weight gain during pregnancy, job status, and household income. Maternal age, educational level, self-reported pre-pregnancy weights, educational level, and household income were collected from the women at 2 months postpartum. For each offspring, weight at birth, length at birth, and gestational age were collected. Participants were asked to report the frequency of consumption of foods between 28-42 weeks into the pregnancy. Diet was assessed by using a validated 106-item semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire (SQFFQ) and women were asked portions and quantities based on pictures, food models, and measuring tools such as cups or teaspoons. Results showed that women who gained below the recommended weight gain during pregnancy, within, and over were 25.3%, 38.7%, 36.0%, respectively. In comparison to weight gain and the offspring's length and weight at birth, the offspring of mothers with a lower weight gain had a higher length. Energy, protein, vitamin B2, vitamin C, calcium, and potassium were significantly lower at employed group. We did not observe a significant difference between birth characteristics and maternal nutrient intake by income. Infants with a higher ponderal index at birth were born to women with a higher pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI).