RESUMEN
The Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score is a novel nutritional index that integrates the serum albumin level, peripheral blood lymphocyte count, and total cholesterol level. This retrospective study explores its prognostic significance in patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS-HIPEC). We included 436 patients who underwent CRS-HIPEC, categorized into low (0-3) and high (4-12) CONUT score groups, and performed logistic regression analysis to predict one-year mortality and postoperative morbidity. Our findings revealed that high CONUT scores correlate with increased one-year mortality (47.1% vs. 20.3%, p < 0.001) and morbidity (39.2% vs. 18.2%, p < 0.001) compared to low CONUT scores. Multivariable regression analysis confirmed high CONUT scores as independent predictors of one-year mortality (odds ratio: 2.253, 95% CI: 1.014-5.005, p = 0.046) and postoperative morbidity (odds ratio: 2.201, 95% CI: 1.066-4.547, p = 0.033). These results underscore the CONUT score's effectiveness as an independent marker for evaluating risks associated with CRS-HIPEC, emphasizing its potential to improve risk stratification.
RESUMEN
The risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) after liver transplantation was lower in patients with serum albumin levels ≥3.0 mg/dL during surgery. We tested whether intraoperative infusion of 20% albumin affects neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) level, a reliable indicator of AKI. We randomly assigned 134 patients undergoing liver transplantation into albumin group (n=70, 20% albumin 200 mL) and the control group (n=66, crystalloid solution 200 mL). The 2 study fluids were infused at 100 mL/h from the start of the anhepatic phase. The primary outcome was plasma NGAL level at 1 hour after graft reperfusion. Albumin level at the start of graft reperfusion was significantly greater in albumin group than in the control group [2.9 (2.4-3.3) g/dL vs. 2.3 (2.0-2.7) g/dL, p <0.001]. The NGAL level at 1 hour after graft reperfusion was not significantly different between the 2 groups [100.2 (66.7-138.8) ng/mL vs. 92.9 (70.8-120.6) ng/mL, p =0.46], and the AKI risk was not either (63.9% vs. 67.8%, adjusted p =0.73). There were no significant differences between the 2 groups regarding hospital readmission within 30 days/90 days after transplantation (32.6% vs. 41.5%, adjusted p =0.19 and 55.0% vs. 55.7%, adjusted p =0.87). Graft survival probability at 30 days/90 days/1 year after transplantation was 90.0%/84.3%/78.6% in albumin group and 97.0%/90.9%/89.4% in the control group [HR=1.6 (0.6-4.0), adjusted p =0.31]. In conclusion, intraoperative infusion of 20% albumin 200 mL increased the albumin level but failed to maintain serum albumin ≥3.0 mg/dL during surgery. The hypertonic albumin therapy did not significantly affect plasma NGAL level and clinical outcomes including AKI.
Asunto(s)
Lesión Renal Aguda , Trasplante de Hígado , Humanos , Lipocalina 2 , Trasplante de Hígado/efectos adversos , Lipocalinas , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas , Proteínas de Fase Aguda , Biomarcadores , Lesión Renal Aguda/diagnóstico , Lesión Renal Aguda/etiología , Albúmina SéricaRESUMEN
pain following minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum (MIRPE) is a critical concern that leads to a prolonged hospital stay and high doses of opiates administered to the patients. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of intraoperative cryoanalgesia (cryoablation of the intercostal nerves) during MIRPE. We retrospectively analyzed the data of 64 patients who underwent MIRPE and received cryoanalgesia or epidural analgesia between January 2019 and January 2021. The oral morphine milligram equivalent (MME) was used to calculate the dosage of opioid agents. The median age was 15 years (range, 4-33 years). The median postoperative hospital stay was 4 days (range, 2-6 days), with a median oral MME consumption of 45 mg (ranging from 0 to 1360 mg). Cryoanalgesia was performed in 38 patients, and epidural analgesia was administered to the remaining 26 patients. The cryoanalgesia group had a significantly lesser pain score, shorter postoperative hospital stay and lower oral MME consumption than the epidural analgesia group (5 vs 2; P < .001, 3 days vs 5 days; P < .001, 19 mg vs 634 mg; P < .001). Cryoanalgesia appears to reduce postoperative hospital stay and opioid consumption compared with epidural analgesia. The outcomes of this study indicate that cryoanalgesia might be a safe and effective method for pain control following MIRPE.
Asunto(s)
Analgesia Epidural , Criocirugía , Tórax en Embudo , Adolescente , Analgesia Epidural/métodos , Analgésicos Opioides/uso terapéutico , Criocirugía/métodos , Tórax en Embudo/cirugía , Humanos , Tiempo de Internación , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Mínimamente Invasivos/métodos , Dolor Postoperatorio/tratamiento farmacológico , Dolor Postoperatorio/cirugía , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Effective collaboration and communication among health care team members are critical for providing safe medical care. Interprofessional education aims to instruct healthcare students how to learn with, from, and about healthcare professionals from different occupations to encourage effective collaboration to provide safe and high-quality patient care. The purpose of this study is to confirm the effectiveness of Interprofessional education by comparing students' attitudes toward interprofessional learning before and after simulation-based interprofessional education, the perception of teamwork and collaboration between physicians and nurses, and the self-reported competency differences among students in interprofessional practice. METHODS: The survey responses from 37 5th-year medical students and 38 4th-year nursing students who participated in an interprofessional education program were analyzed. The Attitude Towards Teamwork in Training Undergoing Designed Educational Simulation scale, the Jefferson Scale of Attitudes Toward Physician-Nurse Collaboration, and the Interprofessional Education Collaborative competency scale were used for this study. The demographic distribution of the study participants was obtained, and the perception differences before and after participation in interprofessional education between medical and nursing students were analyzed. RESULTS: After interprofessional education, student awareness of interprofessional learning and self-competency in interprofessional practice improved. Total scores for the Jefferson Scale of Attitudes Toward Physician-Nurse Collaboration did not change significantly among medical students but increased significantly among nursing students. Additionally, there was no significant change in the perception of the role of other professions among either medical or nursing students. CONCLUSIONS: We observed an effect of interprofessional education on cultivating self-confidence and recognizing the importance of interprofessional collaboration between medical professions. It can be inferred that exposure to collaboration situations through Interprofessional education leads to a positive perception of interprofessional learning. However, even after their interprofessional education experience, existing perceptions of the role of other professional groups in the collaboration situation did not change, which shows the limitations of a one-time short-term program. This suggests that efforts should be made to ensure continuous exposure to social interaction experiences with other professions.
Asunto(s)
Estudiantes de Medicina , Estudiantes de Enfermería , Actitud del Personal de Salud , Conducta Cooperativa , Humanos , Educación Interprofesional , Relaciones Interprofesionales , Grupo de Atención al Paciente , República de CoreaRESUMEN
The degree of neuromuscular blockade reversal may affect bispectral index (BIS) value. One possible reason is that the reverse of neuromuscular blockade affects electromyographic (EMG) signals of fascial muscle. Another reason is, the afferentation theory, the reverse of neuromuscular blockade relieves block signals generated in muscle stretch receptors from accessing the brain through afferent nerve pathways and induces arousal. Inaccurate BIS value may lead to overdose of drugs or the risk of intraoperative awareness. We compared changes in BIS and EMG values according to neuromuscular blockade reversal agents under steady-state desflurane anesthesia. A total of 65 patients were randomly allocated to receive either neostigmine 0.05 mg/kg, sugammadex 4 mg/kg, or pyridostigmine 0.25 mg/kg for neuromuscular blockade reversal under stable desflurane anesthesia, and 57 patients completed the study. The primary outcome was change in BIS and EMG values before and after administration of neuromuscular blockade reversal agents (between train-of-four [TOF] count 1-2 and TOF ratio 0.9). The change in BIS and EMG values before and after administration of neuromuscular blockade reversal agents were statistically different in each group (BIS: Neostigmine group, P < 0.001; Sugammadex group, P < 0.001; Pyridostigmine group, P = 0.001; EMG: Neostigmine group, P = 0.001; Sugammadex group, P < 0.001; Pyridostigmine group, P = 0.001; respectively). The BIS and EMG values had a positive correlation (P < 0.001). Our results demonstrate that the EMG and BIS values have increased after neuromuscular blockade reversal under desflurane anesthesia regardless of the type of neuromuscular blockade reversal agent. BIS should be applied carefully to measure of depth of anesthesia after neuromuscular blockade reversal.
Asunto(s)
Anestesia por Inhalación , Anestésicos por Inhalación , Desflurano , Electromiografía/efectos de los fármacos , Bloqueo Neuromuscular , Adulto , Monitores de Conciencia , Músculos Faciales/efectos de los fármacos , Músculos Faciales/fisiología , Femenino , Humanos , Despertar Intraoperatorio/prevención & control , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neostigmina , Bromuro de Piridostigmina , SugammadexRESUMEN
AIM: To treat neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD), drugs must be able to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Patients with PD are deficient in dopamine (DA), a neurotransmitter that cannot pass through the BBB. Liposomes modified by adding polyethylene glycol (PEGylated liposomes (PLs)) can be conjugated with antibody to form DA-PEGylated immunoliposomes (DA-PILs), and we tested their use as carriers of DA for treating PD. METHODS: PEGylated liposomes (PLs) were prepared by evaporation method, and [(3) H]dopamine was encapsulated within the dried lipid film using a freeze/thaw cycle to form DA-PL. Thiolated OX26 MAb, an antitransferrin receptor monoclonal antibody, was then conjugated to 46-nm PEGylated liposomes. Particle size, zeta potential, and stability were assessed, and in vivo effects were determined after the intravenous injection of DA, DA-PL, and DA-PIL by examining brain tissue in normal rats and rats that underwent transection of the medial forebrain bundle to induce PD. RESULTS: The uptake of DA-PIL in the brains of this PD rat model increased about 8-fold compared with that of DA alone and about 3-fold compared with that of encapsulated DA-PEGylated liposomes (DA-PL). The volume of distribution of DA-PIL in the brain by the perfusion method was 4-fold higher than that of DA-PL, indicating that conjugation of OX26 MAb to the transferrin receptor of brain capillary endothelium mediated the effective delivery of DA to brain tissue. CONCLUSIONS: Dopamine can be effectively delivered to the brain by means of a PIL-based drug delivery system in PD rats.
Asunto(s)
Barrera Hematoencefálica/fisiología , Dopaminérgicos/administración & dosificación , Dopamina/administración & dosificación , Liposomas/administración & dosificación , Enfermedad de Parkinson/tratamiento farmacológico , Polietilenglicoles/administración & dosificación , Análisis de Varianza , Animales , Área Bajo la Curva , Barrera Hematoencefálica/efectos de los fármacos , Encéfalo/efectos de los fármacos , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Dopamina/farmacología , Dopaminérgicos/farmacología , Sistemas de Liberación de Medicamentos , Técnicas In Vitro , Liposomas/farmacocinética , Liposomas/farmacología , Masculino , Haz Prosencefálico Medial/lesiones , Enfermedad de Parkinson/etiología , Polietilenglicoles/farmacocinética , Polietilenglicoles/farmacología , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: An outbreak of joint and cutaneous infections among patients who had been injected at a single clinic in South Korea was investigated. METHODS: In this retrospective case-control study, 61 cases were diagnosed based on symptoms and signs of septic arthritis or cutaneous infection that developed after injections at the clinic between April and September 2012; 64 controls were investigated by administering questionnaires on risk factors and analyzing the clinic medical records. An environmental investigation was performed, and clinical specimens of the cases were analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. RESULTS: All cases were injected with triamcinolone. A greater number of triamcinolone injections (adjusted odds ratio 4.3, 95% confidence interval 1.5-12.1 for six or more visits, compared with one or two visits) was associated with the development of an infection. In the clinic, only the triamcinolone injection was prepared by mixing with lidocaine and normal saline, and an alcohol swab was prepared using boiled tap water by members of the clinic staff. Although injected medications and environmental cultures were not found to be responsible, a single strain of Mycobacterium massiliense was isolated from the affected sites of 16 cases. CONCLUSIONS: Repeated injection of triamcinolone contaminated with NTM from the clinic environment may have caused this post-injection outbreak.
Asunto(s)
Artritis Infecciosa/epidemiología , Brotes de Enfermedades , Infecciones por Mycobacterium no Tuberculosas/epidemiología , Enfermedades Cutáneas Bacterianas/epidemiología , Triamcinolona/uso terapéutico , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Artritis Infecciosa/microbiología , Niño , Contaminación de Medicamentos , Femenino , Humanos , Inyecciones , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Infecciones por Mycobacterium no Tuberculosas/microbiología , Micobacterias no Tuberculosas/aislamiento & purificación , República de Corea/epidemiología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Enfermedades Cutáneas Bacterianas/microbiología , Triamcinolona/administración & dosificación , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Ginsenosides are major bioactive constituents that are responsible for the diverse pharmacological activities of ginseng. This work aimed to assess the skin anti-photoaging activities of the two stereoisomeric forms of ginsenoside Rg3, 20(S)-Rg3 and 20(R)-Rg3. When the two Rg3 stereoisomers were added to cultured human keratinocyte HaCaT cells prior to irradiation with 70 mJ/cm(2) UV-B, 20(S)-Rg3, but not 20(R)-Rg3, decreased the UV-B-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in a concentration-dependent manner, as detected by both fluorometric and confocal microscopic analyses. Likewise, 20(S)-Rg3, but not 20(R)-Rg3, decreased the UV-B-induced ROS levels in human dermal fibroblast cells. Both stereoisomers were unable to modulate the nitric oxide levels in HaCaT cells under UV-B irradiation, and induced no cytotoxicity in cultured keratinocytes and fibroblasts. 20(S)-Rg3 suppressed the UV-B-induced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 activities in HaCaT cells. Taken together, these results indicate that 20(S)-Rg3 possesses both ROS-scavenging and MMP-2 inhibitory activities, while 20(R)-Rg3 possesses neither activity. These findings imply that ginsenoside Rg3 stereoselectively demonstrates skin anti-photoaging activities.
Asunto(s)
Ginsenósidos/farmacología , Queratinocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Queratinocitos/efectos de la radiación , Envejecimiento de la Piel/efectos de los fármacos , Envejecimiento de la Piel/efectos de la radiación , Rayos Ultravioleta/efectos adversos , Línea Celular Transformada , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Supervivencia Celular/fisiología , Ginsenósidos/química , Humanos , Queratinocitos/metabolismo , Panax , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/antagonistas & inhibidores , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/efectos de la radiación , Envejecimiento de la Piel/fisiología , EstereoisomerismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Multiple neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the abnormal accumulation of FUS protein including various subtypes of frontotemporal lobar degeneration with FUS inclusions (FTLD-FUS). These subtypes include atypical frontotemporal lobar degeneration with ubiquitin-positive inclusions (aFTLD-U), basophilic inclusion body disease (BIBD) and neuronal intermediate filament inclusion disease (NIFID). Despite considerable overlap, certain pathologic features including differences in inclusion morphology, the subcellular localization of inclusions, and the relative paucity of subcortical FUS pathology in aFTLD-U indicate that these three entities represent related but distinct diseases. In this study, we report the clinical and pathologic features of three cases of aFTLD-U and two cases of late-onset BIBD with an emphasis on the anatomic distribution of FUS inclusions. RESULTS: The aFTLD-U cases demonstrated FUS inclusions in cerebral cortex, subcortical grey matter and brainstem with a predilection for anterior forebrain and rostral brainstem. In contrast, the distribution of FUS pathology in late-onset BIBD cases demonstrated a predilection for pyramidal and extrapyramidal motor regions with relative sparing of cerebral cortex and limbic regions. CONCLUSIONS: The topography of FUS pathology in these cases demonstrate the diversity of sporadic FUS inclusion body diseases and raises the possibility that late-onset motor neuron disease with BIBD neuropathology may exhibit unique clinical and pathologic features.
RESUMEN
This work aimed to assess some pharmacological activities of P. leptostachya var. asiatica Hara. The dried roots of P. leptostachya var. asiatica Hara were extracted with 70% ethanol to generate the powdered extract, named PLE. Anti-angiogenic activity was detected using chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. In vitro anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated via analyzing nitric oxide (NO) content, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Antioxidant activity was determined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in the stimulated macrophage cells. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and -2 (MMP-2) activities in the culture media were detected using zymography. PLE exhibits an anti-angiogenic activity in the CAM assay, and displays an inhibitory action on the generation of NO in the LPS-stimulated macrophage cells. In the stimulated macrophage cells, it is able to diminish the enhanced ROS level. It can potently scavenge the stable DPPH free radical. It suppresses the induction of iNOS and COX-2 and the enhanced MMP-9 activity in the stimulated macrophage cells. Both monooxygenase and oxidase activities of tyrosinase were strongly inhibited by PLE. Taken together, the dried roots of P. leptostachya var. asiatica Hara possess anti-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and skin whitening activities, which might partly provide its therapeutic efficacy in traditional medicine.
RESUMEN
We examined whether steady-state mRNA levels of five tumor suppressor genes are subjected to oxidative stress. Superoxide radical-generating menadione and serum deprivation diminished the steady-state mRNA levels for the genes phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), ubiquitin specific peptidase 28 (USP28), damage-regulated autophagy modulator (DRAM), TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR), and cylindromatosis (CYLD). Hydrogen peroxide showed suppression in steady-state mRNA levels for USP28, DRAM, TIGAR, and CYLD but not for PTEN. The steady-state mRNA levels specific for all five genes were enhanced by antioxidants, such as glutathione and N-acetylcysteine. The HepG2 stable transfectants overexpressing the mitochondrial isoform of human glutaredoxin, Grx2a, and containing a relatively low reactive oxygen species (ROS) level were assessed to contain the increased steady-state mRNA levels specific for the five tumor suppressor genes. In brief, the steady-state mRNA levels specific for these genes are negatively regulated by oxidative stress through the mediation of ROS.
Asunto(s)
Genes Supresores de Tumor , Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización Intracelular/genética , Proteínas de la Membrana/genética , Estrés Oxidativo/genética , Fosfohidrolasa PTEN/genética , Proteínas Supresoras de Tumor/genética , Ubiquitina Tiolesterasa/genética , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Proteínas Reguladoras de la Apoptosis , Enzima Desubiquitinante CYLD , Regulación hacia Abajo , Expresión Génica , Glutarredoxinas/genética , Células Hep G2 , Humanos , Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización Intracelular/metabolismo , Proteínas de la Membrana/metabolismo , Mitocondrias/genética , Mitocondrias/metabolismo , Fosfohidrolasa PTEN/metabolismo , Monoéster Fosfórico Hidrolasas , ARN Mensajero/genética , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Superóxidos/metabolismo , Células Tumorales Cultivadas , Proteínas Supresoras de Tumor/metabolismo , Ubiquitina Tiolesterasa/metabolismoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: This work aimed to determine some pharmacological properties of non-fermented (WG) and fermented (FWG) extracts of cultured wild ginseng root. METHODS: WG was treated with Bifidobacterium longum to generate FWG. Ginsenoside patterns were analysed using thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. The effect of WG and FWG on reactive oxygen species (ROS) was examined in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Intracellular ROS were detected by flow cytometry. Nitrite in culture supernatant fractions was determined using the Griess reaction. 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl was used to determine anti-radical activity. Cell viability was determined using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. KEY FINDINGS: FWG was rich in ginsenosides Rg3 and Rh2, compared with WG. FWG diminished the enhanced ROS level more strongly than WG in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Both WG and FWG decreased the nitrite levels in stimulated macrophage cells with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 2.7 and 1.5 mg/ml, respectively, implying that FWG had an enhanced anti-inflammatory activity. Neither WG nor FWG exhibited cytotoxicity on the macrophage cells. In the radical scavenging assay, the IC50 values of WG and FWG were 32.6 and 0.78 mg/ml, respectively, suggesting that FWG had an increased scavenging activity. CONCLUSIONS: FWG possesses enhanced antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity, indicating that fermentation of cultured wild ginseng root extract with a probiotic bacterium can strengthen some of its desirable effects.
Asunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Fermentación/fisiología , Panax/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Raíces de Plantas/química , Probióticos/farmacología , Animales , Antiinflamatorios/química , Antioxidantes/química , Línea Celular , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Ginsenósidos/química , Ginsenósidos/farmacología , Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Ratones , Nitritos/metabolismo , Extractos Vegetales/química , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismoRESUMEN
AIMS: The combination of adhesion and migration of endothelial cells (ECs) is an integral process for evolution, organization, repair and vessel formation in living organisms. Agmatine, a polycationic amine existing in brain, has been investigated to exert neuroprotective effects. Up to date, there are no studies reporting that agmatine modulates murine brain endothelial (bEnd.3) cells migration. In the present study, we intend to investigate the role of agmatine in bEnd.3 cells migration and the molecular mechanism mediating this action. MAIN METHODS: The effect of agmatine on the bEnd.3 cells migration was examined by migration assay, and the mechanism involved for this effect was investigated by western blot analysis and NO contents measurements. KEY FINDINGS: Agmatine treatment (50, 100 and 200 µM) significantly accelerated bEnd.3 cells migration in a concentration-dependent manner. Western blotting revealed that agmatine treatment significantly induced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF receptor 2 (Flk-1/KDR or VEGFR2), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), Akt/protein kinase B (also known as PKB, PI3K downstream effector protein), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) nitric oxide (NO; product by eNOS) and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) expressions during bEnd.3 cells migration. The expression of ICAM-1 and migration of bEnd.3 cells, induced by agmatine, were significantly attenuated by treatment of wortmannin, a specific PI3K inhibitor. SIGNIFICANCE: Taken together, we provide the first evidence that activation of VEGF/VEGFR2 and the consequential PI3K/Akt/eNOS/NO/ICAM-1 signaling pathways are serial events, through which the treatment of agmatine could lead to bEnd.3 cells migration.
Asunto(s)
Agmatina/farmacología , Encéfalo/efectos de los fármacos , Movimiento Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Células Endoteliales/efectos de los fármacos , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Agmatina/administración & dosificación , Animales , Western Blotting , Encéfalo/citología , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Células Cultivadas , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Células Endoteliales/metabolismo , Molécula 1 de Adhesión Intercelular/metabolismo , Ratones , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Factor A de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/metabolismo , Receptor 2 de Factores de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/metabolismoRESUMEN
Ginsenoside Rg3 is one of ginsenosides that are the well-known bioactive principles of Panax ginseng. Among the two stereoisomeric forms of Rg3, 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 [20(S)-Rg3] is predominant. 20(S)-Rg3 is capable of suppressing the nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) productions induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in RAW264.7 macrophage cells in a concentration-dependent manner. In the same stimulated macrophages, 20(S)-Rg3 was able to suppress matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activity and suppress cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression. It suppressed the production of some proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1ß and IL-6, and the cell mobility enhanced by LPS in the macrophage cells. 20(S)-Rg3 displayed suppressive effect on the ROS level but not on the NO level, and down-regulating effect on MMP-9 but not on MMP-2 in non-stimulated HaCat keratinocytes. 20(S)-Rg3 also exhibited suppressive effect on the MMP-9 gelatinolytic activity enhanced in the HaCat keratinocytes stimulated with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), one of the major proinflammatory cytokines. However, 20(S)-Rg3 was not able to modulate the NO level even in the presence of TNF-α. Taken together, anti-inflammatory and related antioxidative and MMP-9 inhibitory activities of 20(S)-Rg3, the major stereoisomeric form of ginsenoside Rg3, are confirmed in macrophage and keratinocyte cell lines.
Asunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Ginsenósidos/farmacología , Inhibidores de la Metaloproteinasa de la Matriz/farmacología , Animales , Antiinflamatorios/química , Antioxidantes/química , Línea Celular , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Ciclooxigenasa 2/metabolismo , Citocinas/metabolismo , Dinoprostona/biosíntesis , Ginsenósidos/química , Humanos , Mediadores de Inflamación/metabolismo , Queratinocitos/metabolismo , Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Metaloproteinasa 9 de la Matriz/metabolismo , Inhibidores de la Metaloproteinasa de la Matriz/química , Óxido Nítrico/biosíntesis , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/farmacologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: This work aimed to compare some pharmacological properties of red ginseng extract (RG) and fermented red ginseng extract (FRG). METHODS: Antinociceptive activity was analysed using the acetic acid-induced abdominal constriction response. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using acetic acid-induced vascular permeability and carrageenan-induced inflammation in the air pouch, and analysed through the measurement of nitrite content in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage cells. Anti-angiogenic activity was determined using the chick chorioallantoic membrane assay. KEY FINDINGS: In-vivo anti-inflammatory activity of FRG was stronger than that of RG in two animal models, vascular permeability and air-pouch models. In the vascular permeability model, the doses of RG and FRG required for half-maximal inhibition (IC50) were 181 and 59mg/kg, respectively. FRG exhibited significantly stronger antinociceptive activity than RG. In the acetic acid-induced abdominal constriction response, the IC50 values of RG and FRG were 153 and 27mg/kg, respectively. Although both RG and FRG were able to suppress production of nitric oxide in the LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells, the suppressive activity of FRG appeared to be stronger than that of RG. However, RG and FRG showed similar anti-angiogenic activity. CONCLUSIONS: FRG possesses enhanced anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activity but similar anti-angiogenic activity than RG.
Asunto(s)
Analgésicos/uso terapéutico , Antiinflamatorios/uso terapéutico , Fermentación , Panax , Fitoterapia , Preparaciones de Plantas/uso terapéutico , Dolor Abdominal/inducido químicamente , Dolor Abdominal/tratamiento farmacológico , Ácido Acético , Analgésicos/farmacología , Inhibidores de la Angiogénesis/farmacología , Inhibidores de la Angiogénesis/uso terapéutico , Animales , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Carragenina , Embrión de Pollo , Membrana Corioalantoides/efectos de los fármacos , Inflamación/inducido químicamente , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Inflamación/metabolismo , Lipopolisacáridos , Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos ICR , Nitritos/metabolismo , Permeabilidad , Preparaciones de Plantas/farmacologíaRESUMEN
The roles of mitochondrial glutaredoxin (Grx2a) under serum deprivation were assessed using the human stable HepG2 cell lines overexpressing or down-regulating Grx2a. The Grx2a-overexpressing stable cells displayed enhanced proliferation, decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and caspase-3 activity levels, and increased total GSH level, compared to the vector control cells. These characteristics of the overexpressing stable cells were reversed by down-regulating Grx2a in the same cell line. In the limited serum conditions, the Grx2a-overexpressing stable pcDNA3.0/HA-Grx2a cells exhibited higher cellular viabilities and total GSH level, and showed much lower enhancement in ROS and caspase-3 activity levels than the vector control pcDNA3.0/HA cells. However, the Grx2a-down-regulating stable cells gave rise to diminished cellular viabilities and further decreased total GSH level, and contained significantly higher ROS and caspase-3 activity levels, under serum deprivation than the vector control cells. These results suggest that Grx2a plays proliferative and anti-apoptotic roles under serum deprivation.
Asunto(s)
Medio de Cultivo Libre de Suero/farmacología , Glutarredoxinas/metabolismo , Mitocondrias/metabolismo , Sustancias Protectoras/metabolismo , Adaptación Fisiológica/efectos de los fármacos , Cadmio/toxicidad , Regulación hacia Abajo/efectos de los fármacos , Glutarredoxinas/genética , Células Hep G2 , Humanos , Mitocondrias/efectos de los fármacos , Isoformas de Proteínas/efectos de los fármacos , Isoformas de Proteínas/metabolismo , ARN Mensajero/genética , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Regulación hacia Arriba/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
This work aimed to assess anti-inflammatory and related properties of a phospholipid mixture purified from porcine lung tissues, named KT&G101, which is being developed as a novel topical remedy for atopic dermatitis. KT&G101 consists of pure phospholipids, mainly phosphatidylcholine (PC) and other phospholipids such as phosphatidylinositol (PI) and phosphatidylserine (PS). Its predominant PC species is 1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC). KT&G101 exhibited an anti-angiogenic activity in the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. Oral administration of KT&G101 at the dosages of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight gave rise to an inhibition of 15.4%, 25.3% and 30.1% in the vascular permeability assay, respectively. In the carrageenan-induced inflammation in the air pouches, KT&G101 significantly diminished the volume of exudates in the pouches, the number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and nitrite content in exudates. In the acetic acid-induced writhing response, oral administration of KT&G101 at the dosages of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight showed the reduction of 21.6%, 51.6% and 60.8% in the pain response of mice, respectively. It was also able to diminish the nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells. KT&G101 displayed a significant suppression on the induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in the stimulated RAW264.7 cells. However, the free radical scavenging activity of KT&G101 was detected to be very weak in the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Taken together, KT&G101 possesses anti-inflammatory and related antinociceptive and anti-angiogenic activities, which indirectly supports its use as an anti-atopic therapy.
Asunto(s)
Analgésicos , Inhibidores de la Angiogénesis , Antiinflamatorios , Dermatitis Atópica/tratamiento farmacológico , Pulmón/química , Fosfolípidos , Analgésicos/química , Analgésicos/aislamiento & purificación , Analgésicos/farmacología , Inhibidores de la Angiogénesis/química , Inhibidores de la Angiogénesis/aislamiento & purificación , Inhibidores de la Angiogénesis/farmacología , Animales , Antiinflamatorios/química , Antiinflamatorios/aislamiento & purificación , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Línea Celular , Embrión de Pollo , Dermatitis Atópica/inmunología , Dermatitis Atópica/metabolismo , Dermatitis Atópica/patología , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Lipopolisacáridos/farmacología , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos ICR , Neutrófilos/inmunología , Neutrófilos/metabolismo , Neutrófilos/patología , Óxido Nítrico/inmunología , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Fosfolípidos/química , Fosfolípidos/aislamiento & purificación , Fosfolípidos/farmacología , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/inmunología , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , PorcinosRESUMEN
The stable HepG2 transfectants anti-sensing expression of the glutathione synthetase (GS) gene exhibited delayed cell growth and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. After the treatment with hydrogen peroxide, the intracellular ROS level was much higher in the stable transfectants than in the vector control cells. However, the GSH levels decreased more significantly in the stable transfectants than in the vector control cells, in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. Hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis of the stable transfectants was notably higher than that of the vector control cells. The GS anti-sense RNAs rendered the HepG2 cells more sensitive to growth arrest caused by glucose deprivation. They also sensitized the HepG2 cells to cadmium chloride (Cd) and nitric oxide (NO)-generating sodium nitroprusside (SNP). In brief, the results confirm that GS plays an important role in the defense of the human hepatoma cells against oxidative stress by reducing apoptosis and maintaining redox homeostasis.
Asunto(s)
Apoptosis , Glutatión Sintasa/metabolismo , Glutatión/metabolismo , Caspasa 3/metabolismo , Glutamato-Cisteína Ligasa/metabolismo , Glutatión Sintasa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Glutatión Sintasa/genética , Células Hep G2 , Homeostasis/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/farmacología , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Oxidación-Reducción , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , ARN sin Sentido/genética , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To investigate pregnancy outcomes subsequent to ovarian pregnancy treated by surgery. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted of ovarian pregnancies that were treated by surgery at a hospital in Korea between January 1996 and December 2009. RESULTS: Forty-nine women with ovarian pregnancies (1.6% of all ectopic pregnancies) were treated; 28 of these patients who were followed-up for more than a year were included in the study. The most common risk factor for ovarian pregnancy was endometriosis (42.9%). Accurate diagnosis of ovarian pregnancy was made preoperatively in 7 patients (25%). Of the 28 patients, 16 (57.1%) had subsequent pregnancies: 13 (46.4%) were intrauterine pregnancies and 3 (10.7%) were tubal pregnancies. However, no subsequent ovarian pregnancies occurred. In addition, only 1 patient had secondary infertility after surgery for ovarian pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: After an ovarian pregnancy treated by surgery, the outcome of a subsequent pregnancy is reasonable; there is a high rate of successful subsequent pregnancy and a low rate of subsequent ectopic pregnancy or of infertility.
Asunto(s)
Resultado del Embarazo , Embarazo Ectópico/cirugía , Adulto , Endometriosis/complicaciones , Femenino , Humanos , Infertilidad Femenina/etiología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/epidemiología , Embarazo , Embarazo Ectópico/diagnóstico , Embarazo Ectópico/etiología , República de Corea/epidemiología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To clinically analyze cases of ectopic ovarian pregnancy and to generate data regarding the evaluation and management of suspected ectopic ovarian pregnancies. STUDY DESIGN: We retrospectively analyzed 49 ovarian pregnancies that were surgically treated at Cheil General Hospital and Women's Healthcare Center between January 1996 and December 2009. We analyzed patient age, parity, symptoms, risk factors, preoperative diagnosis, and ovarian pregnancy type. RESULTS: During the study period, the incidence of ovarian pregnancy was 1.59% of all ectopic pregnancies (49/3081); 45/49 (91.8%) were primary ovarian pregnancies. At the time of diagnosis, mean age was 30.7 years (SD: ± 4.4 years) and mean parity was 0.63 (SD: ± 0.8). The most common presenting symptoms were abdominal pain (42.9%) and vaginal bleeding (28.6%). The most common sonographic findings were fluid surrounding the ovarian pregnancy and ovarian enlargement. In regard to surgical treatment, ovarian wedge resection was most often performed (85.7% of cases), followed by oophorectomy (8.2% of cases). The most common risk factors were endometriosis (16 patients) and a history of abdominal surgery (19 patients). CONCLUSIONS: Ovarian pregnancies are extremely rare and difficult to diagnose both pre- and intra-operatively. Our data may assist surgeons in understanding the clinical presentation of ovarian pregnancy and in counseling patients. Larger studies are warranted to gather more data on this rare form of ectopic pregnancy.