RESUMEN
Water-filled sinkholes known locally as cenotes, found on the Yucatán Peninsula, have remarkable biodiversity. The primary objective of this study was to explore the biotechnological potential of Gram-positive cultivable bacteria obtained from sediment samples collected at the coastal cenote Pol-Ac in Yucatán, Mexico. Specifically, the investigation aimed to assess production of hydrolytic enzymes and antimicrobial compounds. 16 S rRNA gene sequencing led to the identification of 49 Gram-positive bacterial isolates belonging to the phyla Bacillota (n = 29) and Actinomycetota (n = 20) divided into the common genera Bacillus and Streptomyces, as well as the genera Virgibacillus, Halobacillus, Metabacillus, Solibacillus, Neobacillus, Rossellomorea, Nocardiopsis and Corynebacterium. With growth at 55ºC, 21 of the 49 strains were classified as moderately thermotolerant. All strains were classified as halotolerant and 24 were dependent on marine water for growth. Screening for six extracellular hydrolytic enzymes revealed gelatinase, amylase, lipase, cellulase, protease and chitinase activities in 93.9%, 67.3%, 63.3%, 59.2%, 59.2% and 38.8%, of isolated strains, respectively. The genes for polyketide synthases type I, were detected in 24 of the strains. Of 18 strains that achieved > 25% inhibition of growth in the bacterial pathogen Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, 4 also inhibited growth in Escherichia coli ATCC 35,218. Isolates Streptomyces sp. NCA_378 and Bacillus sp. NCA_374 demonstrated 50-75% growth inhibition against at least one of the two pathogens tested, along with significant enzymatic activity across all six extracellular enzymes. This is the first comprehensive report on the biotechnological potential of Gram-positive bacteria isolated from sediments in the cenotes of the Yucatán Peninsula.
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Biodiversidad , Sedimentos Geológicos , Bacterias Grampositivas , ARN Ribosómico 16S , Sedimentos Geológicos/microbiología , México , Bacterias Grampositivas/aislamiento & purificación , Bacterias Grampositivas/genética , Bacterias Grampositivas/clasificación , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Bioprospección , Filogenia , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Agua de Mar/microbiologíaRESUMEN
As an essential block in optical communication systems, silicon (Si) Mach-Zehnder modulators (MZMs) are approaching the limits of possible performance for high-speed applications. However, due to a large number of design parameters and the complex simulation of these devices, achieving high-performance configuration employing conventional optimization methods result in prohibitively long times and use of resources. Here, we propose a design methodology based on artificial neural networks and heuristic optimization that significantly reduces the complexity of the optimization process. First, we implemented a deep neural network model to substitute the 3D electromagnetic simulation of a Si-based MZM, whereas subsequently, this model is used to estimate the figure of merit within the heuristic optimizer, which, in our case, is the differential evolution algorithm. By applying this method to CMOS-compatible MZMs, we find new optimized configurations in terms of electro-optical bandwidth, insertion loss, and half-wave voltage. In particular, we achieve configurations of MZMs with a [Formula: see text] bandwidth and a driving voltage of [Formula: see text], or, alternatively, [Formula: see text] with a driving voltage of [Formula: see text]. Furthermore, the faster simulation allowed optimizing MZM subject to different constraints, which permits us to explore the possible performance boundary of this type of MZMs.
RESUMEN
Glycerol dehydrogenase (GldA) from Escherichia coli BW25113, naturally catalyzes the oxidation of glycerol to dihydroxyacetone. It is known that GldA exhibits promiscuity towards short-chain C2-C4 alcohols. However, there are no reports regarding the substrate scope of GldA towards larger substrates. Herein we demonstrate that GldA can accept bulkier C6-C8 alcohols than previously anticipated. Overexpression of the gldA gene in the knockout background, E. coli BW25113 ΔgldA, was strikingly effective converting 2 mM of the compounds: cis-dihydrocatetechol, cis-(1 S,2 R)- 3-methylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-diol and cis-(1 S,2 R)- 3-ethylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-diol, into 2.04 ± 0.21 mM of catechol, 0.62 ± 0.11 mM 3-methylcatechol, and 0.16 ± 0.02 mM 3-ethylcatechol, respectively. In-silico studies on the active site of GldA enlightened the decrease in product formation as the steric substrate demand increased. These results are of high interests for E. coli-based cell factories expressing Rieske non-heme iron dioxygenases, producing cis-dihydrocatechols, since such sough-after valuable products can be immediately degraded by GldA, substantially hampering the expected performance of the recombinant platform.
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Dioxigenasas , Deshidrogenasas del Alcohol de Azúcar , Escherichia coli/genética , Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Deshidrogenasas del Alcohol de Azúcar/genética , Dioxigenasas/metabolismo , Oxidación-Reducción , Glicerol/metabolismoRESUMEN
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common medical complication of pregnancy and a severe threat to pregnant people and offspring health. The molecular origins of GDM, and in particular the placental responses, are not fully known. The present study aimed to perform a comprehensive characterisation of the lipid species in placentas from pregnancies complicated with GDM using high-resolution MS lipidomics, with a particular focus on sphingolipids and acylcarnitines in a semi-targeted approach. The results indicated that despite no major disruption in lipid metabolism, placentas from GDM pregnancies showed significant alterations in sphingolipids, mostly lower abundance of total ceramides. Additionally, very long-chain ceramides and sphingomyelins with twenty-four carbons were lower, and glucosylceramides with sixteen carbons were higher in placentas from GDM pregnancies. Semi-targeted lipidomics revealed the strong impact of GDM on the placental acylcarnitine profile, particularly lower contents of medium and long-chain fatty-acyl carnitine species. The lower contents of sphingolipids may affect the secretory function of the placenta, and lower contents of long-chain fatty acylcarnitines is suggestive of mitochondrial dysfunction. These alterations in placental lipid metabolism may have consequences for fetal growth and development.
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Diabetes Gestacional , Placenta , Embarazo , Femenino , Humanos , Placenta/metabolismo , Diabetes Gestacional/metabolismo , Esfingolípidos/metabolismo , Carnitina/metabolismo , Ceramidas/metabolismoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To report uveitis' spectrum in a private practice cohort in the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina. METHODS: Retrospective review at Instituto de la Visión (November 2011-October 2015). Standard demographics, ethnicity and Native American aboriginal ancestry were recorded. RESULTS: Among 212 patients, median age 45 (6-97), 10% pediatric, 35% bilateral, 72% non-idiopathic, 36% infectious. Anterior uveitis presented in 50%, followed by posterior (32%), intermediate (9%) and panuveitis (8%). Frequent visits (≥ 6 per year) needed by 29%: posterior, non-idiopathic disease with 79% systemic immunosuppression requirement was their main presentation. Native American aboriginal ancestry was reported by 22.64% of the whole cohort and 37% of frequent visits' subgroup. CONCLUSIONS: Unilateral, non-idiopathic, non-infectious anterior uveitis was the most frequent presentation, in agreement with reports coming from western developed cities. The multi-racial Argentinian population with specific Native American aboriginal ancestry might contribute to certain forms of posterior uveitis and their response to treatment.
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Uveítis Anterior , Uveítis , Humanos , Niño , Persona de Mediana Edad , Argentina/epidemiología , Atención Terciaria de Salud , Uveítis/diagnóstico , Uveítis/epidemiología , Centros de Atención Terciaria , Uveítis Anterior/epidemiología , Derivación y Consulta , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
The rise in prevalence of obesity in women of reproductive age in developed and developing countries might propagate intergenerational cycles of detrimental effects on metabolic health. Placental lipid metabolism is disrupted by maternal obesity, which possibly affects the life-long health of the offspring. Here, we investigated placental lipid metabolism in women with pre-gestational obesity as a sole pregnancy complication and compared it to placental responses of lean women. Open profile and targeted lipidomics were used to assess placental lipids and oxidised products of docosahexaenoic (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA), respectively, neuroprostanes and isoprostanes. Despite no overall signs of lipid accumulation, DHA and AA levels in placentas from obese women were, respectively, 2.2 and 2.5 times higher than those from lean women. Additionally, a 2-fold increase in DHA-derived neuroprostanes and a 1.7-fold increase in AA-derived isoprostanes were seen in the obese group. These changes correlated with a 70% decrease in placental FABP1 protein. Multivariate analyses suggested that neuroprostanes and isoprostanes are associated with maternal and placental inflammation and with birth weight. These results might shed light on the molecular mechanisms associated with altered placental fatty acid metabolism in maternal pre-gestational obesity, placing these oxidised fatty acids as novel mediators of placental function.
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Proteínas de Unión a Ácidos Grasos/metabolismo , Isoprostanos/metabolismo , Fenómenos Fisiologicos Nutricionales Maternos/genética , Neuroprostanos/metabolismo , Obesidad Materna/metabolismo , Adulto , Peso al Nacer , Femenino , Humanos , Inflamación , Metabolismo de los Lípidos , Placenta/metabolismo , EmbarazoRESUMEN
La enfermedad por arañazo de gato (EAG) es una zoonosis emergente causada por Bartonella henselae. Puede presentarse de forma atípica, incluyendo meningitis, neuroretinitis, endocarditis y compromiso hepatoesplénico, lo cual es poco frecuente en adultos inmunocompetentes. Su manejo terapéutico es controvertido dada la ausencia de ensayos aleatorizados al respecto. Se describen 5 casos de EAG con compromiso hepato-esplénico, donde la correcta anamnesis epidemiológica permitió la sospecha diagnóstica, evitando la realización de procedimientos invasivos en la mayoría de los casos. La posibilidad de realización de PCR y serología para Bartonella spp. fueron de vital importancia
Cat scratch disease (CSD) is an emerging zoonosis caused by Bartonella henselae. It can occur atypically including meningitis, neuroretinitis, endocarditis and hepatosplenic involvement, a rare occurrence in immunocompetent adults. Therapeutic management is controversial, supported by case series and retrospective data published literature. Five cases of CSD with hepatosplenic involvement are described. The correct clinical and epidemiological anamnesis allow the diagnostic and avoid the performance of invasive procedures in most cases. The possibility of performing Bartonella spp PCR and serology is crucial
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Humanos , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Rifampin/uso terapéutico , Enfermedad por Rasguño de Gato/diagnóstico , Enfermedad por Rasguño de Gato/terapia , Ultrasonografía , Huésped Inmunocomprometido , Azitromicina/uso terapéutico , Cultivo de Sangre , Duración de la Terapia , Absceso Hepático/terapiaAsunto(s)
COVID-19/complicaciones , COVID-19/epidemiología , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso/epidemiología , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso/etiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Brasil/epidemiología , COVID-19/diagnóstico , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , América Latina/epidemiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso/diagnóstico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND (OR PURPOSE): Nivolumab has been shown to be effective for the treatment of second-line mRCC. The present study has investigated the effectiveness and safety of nivolumab in real-world Eastern Spanish patients with advanced mRCC at TKI progression. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective review of mRCC patients treated with nivolumab as a second-line treatment was performed. Analyzed variables included age, sex, ECOG (quality of life scale designed by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group), histology, nephrectomy, location of metastases, number of metastasis locations, previous treatments, analytical data from the standard blood count and biochemistry, and response to treatment. RESULTS: 98 patients from 18 sites in Spain were retrospectively reviewed. The majority of patients were male (75%), had ECOG 0-1 (90.6%), had no brain metastasis (91.4%), had undergone one prior systemic regimen (94.3%), and were current/former smokers (97.1%). Fourteen patients (13.1%) had non-clear cell histology, seven (7.1%) had poor-IMDC prognostic group characteristics, 13 patients (13.1%) had liver metastasis and 35 (35.7%) had bone lesions. All patients received prior systemic therapy (63.3% sunitinib, 34.7% pazopanib). During the study, a median of eight doses of nivolumab was given (range 2-62) and 11 patients received more than 12 doses. Eleven patients (11.2%) received nivolumab as a third or fourth line of treatment. Median duration of therapy was 3.6 months (range 0.5-29.3). Confirmed response rate was 25%. Median progression free survival was 7.8 months (range 1.2-12.1). Median overall survival was 16.3 months (range 1.7-29.3). After discontinuation of treatment, 27.58% of the patients received subsequent systemic cancer therapy. Side effects were mostly grade 1-2 (7.2% had hypothyroidism and 6.2% liver toxicity, 4% had nephritis and 2% hypophysitis). Two cases of grade 3-4 adverse events (2%) were reported. CONCLUSION: Benefit/risk profile of nivolumab in Eastern-Spanish real-world population with mRCC after tyrosine-kinase inhibitors was consistent with prior real-life studies reported as well as pivotal study.
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Antineoplásicos Inmunológicos/uso terapéutico , Carcinoma de Células Renales/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Renales/tratamiento farmacológico , Nivolumab/uso terapéutico , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Carcinoma de Células Renales/epidemiología , Carcinoma de Células Renales/inmunología , Carcinoma de Células Renales/patología , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Neoplasias Renales/epidemiología , Neoplasias Renales/inmunología , Neoplasias Renales/patología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Metástasis de la Neoplasia , Estudios Retrospectivos , España/epidemiología , Tasa de SupervivenciaRESUMEN
Recurrent lymphocytic meningitis or Mollaret's meningitis is a rare condition caused by a number of infectious, autoimmune, toxic and neoplastic diseases. Herpes simplex type 2 is the most commonly isolated agent. It usually compromises middle aged women, with a self-limited clinical presentation that resolves within a week leaving no sequelae. Its diagnosis is mainly based on nucleic acid detection on cerebrospinal fluid. Antiviral prophylaxis has not shown conclusive to avoid recurrences.
La meningitis linfocítica recurrente o meningitis de Mollaret es una entidad asociada a un gran número de etiologías infecciosas, autoinmunes, toxicológicas y neoplásicas. En la actualidad el virus herpes simple tipo 2 (HSV-2) es el agente más frecuentemente aislado. Afecta frecuentemente a mujeres de mediana edad y tiende a autolimitarse sin secuelas dentro de la primera semana de inicio de síntomas. El diagnóstico se basa en la detección de ácidos nucleicos virales en el líquido cefalorraquídeo. Al momento no se ha demostrado beneficio en el uso de tratamiento antiviral en la prevención de recurrencias.
Asunto(s)
Herpes Simple/complicaciones , Herpesvirus Humano 2 , Meningitis Viral/virología , Aciclovir/uso terapéutico , Antivirales , Femenino , Herpesvirus Humano 2/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Meningitis Viral/tratamiento farmacológico , Persona de Mediana Edad , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , RecurrenciaRESUMEN
La meningitis linfocítica recurrente o meningitis de Mollaret es una entidad asociada a un gran número de etiologías infecciosas, autoinmunes, toxicológicas y neoplásicas. En la actualidad el virus herpes simple tipo 2 (HSV-2) es el agente más frecuentemente aislado. Afecta frecuentemente a mujeres de mediana edad y tiende a autolimitarse sin secuelas dentro de la primera semana de inicio de síntomas. El diagnóstico se basa en la detección de ácidos nucleicos virales en el líquido cefalorraquídeo. Al momento no se ha demostrado beneficio en el uso de tratamiento antiviral en la prevención de recurrencias.
Recurrent lymphocytic meningitis or Mollaret´s meningitis is a rare condition caused by a number of infectious, autoimmune, toxic and neoplastic diseases. Herpes simplex type 2 is the most commonly isolated agent. It usually compromises middle aged women, with a self-limited clinical presentation that resolves within a week leaving no sequelae. Its diagnosis is mainly based on nucleic acid detection on cerebrospinal fluid. Antiviral prophylaxis has not shown conclusive to avoid recurrences.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Herpesvirus Humano 2/aislamiento & purificación , Herpes Simple/complicaciones , Meningitis Viral/virología , Antivirales , Recurrencia , Aciclovir/uso terapéutico , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Meningitis Viral/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
Resumen Introducción: Nyssomyia yuilli (Young & Porter, 1972) y Nyssomyia trapidoi (Farchild & Hertig, 1952) son vectores de Leishmania panamensis (Lainson y Shaw, 1972), causal de leishmaniasis cutánea en varios países de América como Brasil, Colombia, Ecuador y Panamá. Objetivo: Describir la actividad nocturna de N. yuilli y N. trapidoi en el municipio de Otanche, zona endémica de leishmaniasis cutánea. Metodología: Los especímenes fueron colectadas por medio de trampas CDC localizadas en el intra y peri-domicilio de viviendas que tenían antecedentes o casos activos de personas infectadas con leishmaniasis cutánea. Resultados: N. yuilli presentó una mayor actividad cerca de la media noche, mientras que N. trapidoi no mostró ningún incremento y mantuvo una actividad constante durante toda la noche. Conclusiones: Se observó que N. yuilli tiene una conducta típica de una especie de bosque con picos de actividad a media noche, mientras que N. trapidoi tiene un comportamiento de una especie antropofílica que se ha adaptado a la vida cerca de las viviendas humanas, con una actividad constante durante toda la noche sin ningún aumento esporádico.
Abstract Introduction: Nyssomyia yuilli (Young & Porter, 1972) and Nyssomyia trapidoi (Farchild & Hertig, 1952) are vectors of Leishmania panamensis (Lainson y Shaw, 1972), causal of cutaneous leishmaniasis in several American countries such as Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador and Panama. Objective: Describe the nocturnal activity of N. yuilli and N. trapidoi in Otanche Municipality, endemic zone of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Methods: The specimens were collected through CDC traps located in the intra and peri-domicile of homes that had antecedents or active cases of infected people with cutaneous leishmaniasis. Results: N. yuilli present increased activity near midnight, while N. trapidoi not show any increase and maintained a constant activity throughout the night. Conclusions: It was observed that N. yuilli demonstrates typical conduct of a forest species, with peaks of activity at midnight, while N. trapidoi shows behaviour of an anthropophilic species that has been adapted to life near to human residences, with constant activity throughout the night without any sporadic increases.
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Animales , Dípteros , Psychodidae , Leishmaniasis Cutánea , Colombia , Insectos VectoresRESUMEN
STUDY OBJECTIVES: Enlarged tonsils and adenoids, the main cause of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in children, results in upper airway (UA) loading. This contributes to the imbalance between structural and neuromotor factors ultimately leading to UA collapse during sleep. However, it is unknown whether this UA loading can cause elevated airway resistance (AR) during wakefulness. We hypothesized that children with OSAS have elevated AR compared to controls and that this improves after OSAS treatment. METHODS: Case control study performed at an academic hospital. Children with OSAS and nonsnoring healthy controls underwent baseline polysomnography and spirometry, and AR measurement by body plethysmography while breathing via an orofacial mask. Children with OSAS repeated the previously mentioned tests after adenotonsillectomy. RESULTS: 31 OSAS participants (mean age ± SD = 9.7 ± 3.0 y, obstructive apnea-hypopnea index (OAHI) median [range] = 14.9 [2-58.7] events/h, body mass index [BMI] z = 1.5 ± 1) and 31 controls (age = 10.5 ± 2.5 y, P = 0.24; OAHI = 0.4 [0-1.4], P < 0.001; BMI z = 0.9 ± 1, P = 0.01) were tested. OSAS AR at baseline was 3.9 [1.5-10.3] cmH2O/L/sec and controls 2.8 [1.4 - 6.2] (P = 0.027). Both groups had similar spirometry results. 20 patients with OSAS were tested 6.4 ± 6.6 mo after adenotonsillectomy. OAHI decreased from 15.2 [2.1-58.7] to 0.5 [0 - 5.1] events/h postoperatively (P < 0.001), and AR decreased from 4.3 [1.5 - 10.3] to 2.8 [1.7 - 4.7] cmH2O/L/sec (P = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS: Children with OSAS have elevated AR that decreases after treatment. This is likely because of upper airway loading secondary to adenotonsillar hypertrophy and may contribute to the increased frequency of respiratory diseases in untreated children with OSAS.
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Resistencia de las Vías Respiratorias , Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño/fisiopatología , Adenoidectomía , Tonsila Faríngea/cirugía , Adolescente , Índice de Masa Corporal , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Tonsila Palatina/cirugía , Pletismografía , Polisomnografía , Respiración , Sistema Respiratorio/fisiopatología , Sueño , Espirometría , Tonsilectomía , VigiliaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: to describe changes occurred in the characteristics of patients suffering from non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding, and in this condition s epidemiology. METHODS: a prospective study was carried out to examine the occurrence and causes of non-variceal upper digestive bleeding in the corresponding health department at Virgen de las Nieves Hospital in Granada, Spain. In this study three periods of time were compared. Group 1 (1985): 284 patients; group 2 (1996): 259 patients; and group 3 (2006) 291 patients. RESULTS: in group 1 the incidence was 71/100,000 inhabitants; in group 2, 64/100,000; and in group 3, 66/100,000. Mean age in 1985 was 57.4; in 1996, 59.6; and in 2006, 62.38. In all groups a majority of cases were men (75.4, 69.5, and 72.2%, respectively). Major causes included duodenal ulcer (1: 40.5%; 2: 43.2%; 3: 40.5%), gastric ulcer (1: 24.3%; 2: 30%; 3: 18.9%); LAMG (1: 53.3%; 2: 43.2%; 3: 9.6%); neoplasia (1: 1.7%; 2: 1.9%; 3: 5.2%), and vascular injuries (1: 0.5%; 2: 1.5%; 3: 9.3%). The death rate was 2.5% in 1985; 1.5% in 1996; and 1% in 2006. CONCLUSIONS: a significant increase in mean age over the years was detected. The most frequent cause of hemorrhage was duodenal ulcer followed by gastric ulcer. Of significance is an increase in the proportion of neoplasms above of vascular injuries in the later group as apposed to the earlier one. We found no significant difference in mortality between groups.
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Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/epidemiología , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Factores de TiempoAsunto(s)
Iduronidasa/uso terapéutico , Mucopolisacaridosis I/tratamiento farmacológico , Insuficiencia Respiratoria/tratamiento farmacológico , Adolescente , Humanos , Iduronidasa/efectos adversos , Mucopolisacaridosis I/complicaciones , Proteínas Recombinantes , Insuficiencia Respiratoria/etiologíaRESUMEN
Thromboembolic complications during the course of inflammatory bowel disease are infrequent but are mainly found in young patients and are associated with a high morbimortality. The etiopathogenesis of these complications has been widely debated and the existence of coagulation alterations and fibrinolysis have been suggested. Nonetheless, the mechanism must be complex since not only do not all the patients with these alterations present this complication but neither do all the patients with thromboembolism have recognized coagulation disorders. The most common clinical presentation is deep vein thrombosis with pulmonary embolism with arterial thrombosis being rare. Five patients with Crohn's disease and two with ulcerative colitis who presented a total of new thromboembolic episodes, six arterial (1 in primitive iliac artery, 1 in common femoral artery, 1 in humeral-axillary artery, 2 in internal carotid and 1 in superior mesenteric artery) and three of venous localization (1 in brachyocephalic-subclavian trunk, 1 axillary and 1 iliac-femoral/pulmonary thromboembolism) are reported. An updated review of the etiopathogenesis, presentation, treatment and prophylaxis of the thromboembolic complications of inflammatory bowel disease is presented.